Denna studie syftar till att vinna kunskap om hur organisationskonsulter i ett företag upplevde sin organisatoriska socialisation då de var nyanställda. Forskning kring organisatorisk socialisation har gjorts sedan 70-talet men då har främst kvantitativa forskningsmetoder använts. Som ett ytterligare bidrag till forskningen på området har därför denna studie en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Då det inte finns en enhetlig teori för organisatorisk socialisation så presenteras ett teoretiskt ramverk och perspektiv på området som belyser olika typer av organisationsinitierade aktiviteter för nyanställda. Exempel på detta är olika typer av socialisationstaktiker, betydelsen av sociala agenter samt hur individen själv som nyanställd är informationssökande i syfte att minska sin egen osäkerhet. Det insamlade empiriska materialet ifrån intervjuerna analyserades sedan med ett deduktivt angreppssätt utifrån tidigare forskning samt det teoretiska ramverket och perspektivet. Resultaten visade att medarbetarna upplevde de olika organisationsinitierade aktiviteterna som lärorika på så sätt att de som nyanställda lättare kunde komma in i sina roller och lära sig sina arbetsuppgifter. De upplevde också andra faktorer, såsom sociala aktiviteter, relationer och samarbeten som bidragande faktorer för att komma in i organisationen på ett smidigt och effektivt sätt. Vidare upplevde intervjupersonerna att eftersom det fanns en struktur med bestämt schema över de första två veckorna ingavs en initial trygghet och säkerhet som ny vilket därmed minskade deras osäkerhet. Därtill visade det sig att de sociala agenterna var av stor vikt för att komma in i organisationen och att företagets och koncernens företagskultur också underlättade att bli en del av arbetsplatsen. Till sist visade de kortsiktiga och långsiktiga utfallen, som dessa aktiviteter och faktorer gav på deras socialisation, att den rådande sociala gemenskapen i form av social integration och rolltydlighet uppnåddes även i och med organisationens socialisationstaktiker. De långsiktiga utfallen framkom i form av organisatoriskt engagemang från medarbetarnas sida samt att de trivdes bra och ser en långsiktighet på arbetsplatsen.

The nervous system is a complex organ that functions in most metazoans to sense and respond to a constantly changing world. How the nervous system does this is a major focus of systems-level neuroscience. This dissertation investigates the neural basis of the sensorimotor transformation underlying a spatial orientation strategy in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Motile organisms rely on spatial orientation strategies to navigate to environments that are conducive to organismal fitness and comfort, e.g. environments with the correct temperature, light level, or access to food and mates. As such, spatial orientation strategies as a class represent a key behavior common to most forms of life on earth. To explore the behavioral mechanism used by C. elegans for spatial orientation, we designed and manufactured a microfluidic device that breaks the feedback loop between self-motion and environmental change by partially restraining the animal. The device takes advantage of laminar flow at small scale to provide distinct environments across the dorsoventral undulation that constitutes locomotion in this animal without using a physical barrier. This device allowed us to conclude that worms use the change in chemical concentration sensed between lateral extremes of the locomotion cycle to direct forward locomotion toward a favorable stimulus, an orientation strategy termed klinotaxis. We then investigated the neuronal basis of this behavior using laser ablation, calcium imaging, and optogenetic stimulation. We found a minimal neuronal network for klinotaxis to sodium chloride including the ASE, AIY, AIZ, and SMB neuron classes that displays left/right asymmetry across the sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron levels. We extended these results by ablating other neurons that have been implicated in klinotaxis in other studies. Finally, we imaged the ASE neurons during klinotaxis in microfluidic device and found that these neurons are active on the timescale of individual head swings. Additionally, we found anecdotal evidence that photostimulation of ASE neurons expressing the light sensitive ion channel Channel Rhodopsin (CHR2) is sufficient to stimulate klinotaxis behavior. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.

De nombreuses recherches en psychologie cognitive et en marketing ont tenté de comprendre la réaction du consommateur à une publicité contre-attitudinale. La littérature est dominée par deux courants. Le premier est focalisé sur la réaction des individus à partir des modèles sociocognitifs, tandis que le deuxième, moins développé, est concentré sur les inférences publicitaires développées par le consommateur suite à une tentative de persuasion. La majorité des travaux antérieurs ne prennent en considération qu’une infime partie du système motivationnel pour justifier la réaction des individus aux messages contre-attitudinaux. La revue de littérature met en évidence l’importance de mobiliser la théorie de l’orientation régulatrice afin de mieux cerner le traitement de l’information contre-attitudinale par le consommateur. Dans ce sens, le modèle conceptuel ainsi que les hypothèses ont été développés et testés empiriquement sur un échantillon de 190 consommateurs. Les résultats de cette démarche ont dénoté l’impact des orientations régulatrices des messages et des individus sur le traitement de l’information contre-attitudinale. La congruence entre les deux facettes de l’orientation régulatrice n’a permis d’améliorer l’efficacité de la persuasion que dans le cas des messages orientés promotion. De plus, les analyses ont permis de réaffirmer le rôle prépondérant de l’engagement affectif qui déclenche une motivation défensive et renforce la résistance du consommateur à la persuasion sur une marque concurrente. Les implications académiques et managériales ont été développées et plusieurs voies de recherche sont proposées. / Many studies in cognitive psychology and marketing have tried to understand consumer reaction to counterattitudinal advertising. The literature is dominated by two streams. The first focused on the response of individuals from socio-cognitive models, while the second, less developed, focused on advertising inferences developed by the consumer following an attempt at persuasion. Most previous studies only consider a fraction of the motivational system to justify the reaction of individuals to counterattitudinal messages . The literature review highlights the importance of mobilizing the theory of regulatory focus to better understand the processing of counterattitudinal information by the consumer. In this sense, the conceptual model and hypotheses were developed and empirically tested on a sample of 190 consumers. The results of this approach have denoted the impact of regulatory focus of messages and self-regulatory focus on the processing of counterattitudinal information. Congruence between the two facets of the regulatory focus has improved the effeciency of the persuasion only in the case of promotion oriented messages. Furthermore, analysis have reaffirmed the role of affective commitment that triggers a defensive motivation and strengthens consumer resistance to persuasion on a competing brand. Academic and managerial implications were developed and several lines of research are proposed.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Barker. / Bibliography: p.101-102. / M.S.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

在建築物應急疏散過程中，人員個體的路徑選擇將影響人群整體的疏散情況。空間認知研究表明，人們通過認知獲取空間知識，並在認知地圖的指引下完成尋徑任務，尋徑過程因人而異。應急疏散時，建築物內部空間時有變化，心理壓力和人群活動等都將影響人員的路徑選擇。然而，現有疏散模型通常採用路徑搜索演算法來類比人員的逃生路徑。該方法多以最優路徑為目標，難以類比真實的尋徑過程，不能反映個體間的尋徑差異。因此，準確模擬人員個體的尋徑行為是建築物疏散模擬的研究重點。通過類比不同人群的疏散情況，採取針對性的疏散引導，可以有效緩解擁堵，提高疏散效率。 / 鑒於以上背景，本文以模擬多層建築中不同人群的疏散情況為目標，基於尋徑行為理論，考慮人群活動和室內空間變化的影響，分析建築物疏散時各類人員的尋徑行為，從而構建基於認知智慧體的疏散模型，類比多層建築的人員疏散。研究從以下方面展開： / （1）研究尋徑行為理論，分析建築物疏散時人員尋徑的知識需求和尋徑策略，考慮人群活動對個體尋徑的影響，構建建築物應急疏散時人員尋徑的過程模型。 / （2）研究建築物內部空間的表達方法，提出針對人群疏散類比的建築物空間表達模型。該模型在宏觀上採用基於語義的方法構建了的考慮消防設施的動態空間拓撲結構，在微觀上採用網格模型表達建築物內部幾何空間。 / （3）基於尋徑過程模型和建築物空間表達模型，構建基於認知智慧體的建築物疏散模型。智慧體行為模型以尋徑過程模型為理論基礎，包括知識表達，尋徑模型，環境認知模型和运動模型。 / （4）以某大學教學樓為例，驗證模型的可行性。考慮日常教學和籌辦會議等典型情況下的人群構成，模擬各個人群在不同火災場景下的疏散過程。通過對比出口使用率，分析不同人群的疏散差異。 / 研究結果表明，本文構建的建築應急物疏散模型能夠類比多層建築中各類人員的尋徑行為，反應不同人群的疏散差異，模擬結果更為合理，可以有效輔助人群疏散管理。 / In building evacuation, escape route choice of individual evacuees will potentially affect the overall evacuation performance. Studies in spatial cognition suggest that people find their ways based on spatial knowledge developed from environmental perception. Therefore, people with different level of spatial knowledge may vary tremendously in wayfinding performance. In the emergency situation, the building’s internal structure may change as some built-in facilities are activated. In the meantime, people’s psychic stress and crowd dynamics will significantly affect evacuees’ route selection. However, in most evacuation models, evacuees are simulated as particles that automatically follow the optimal escape route, and consequently without taking into account individual differences in wayfinding. Therefore, modelling individualized wayfinding is a critical issue in building evacuation simulation. It is expected that evacuation simulations regarding different types of evacuees would benefit the evacuation management targeted at a particular group of people. / Given the aforementioned background, the goal of this research is to model evacuees’ route choice in a plausible way by taking into account the cognitive process of human wayfinding and hereby perform evacuation simulations of different groups of evacuees in a multi-level building. In order to reach this goal, the following studies have been conducted: / (1) Based on literature studies on human wayfinding, a process model of wayfinding has been established. With regard to the emergency situation of building evacuation, typical wayfinding tasks, knowledge requirement, individual wayfinding strategies and influence of surrounding crowds are elaborated and incorporated into the process model. / (2) A novel approach to represent the dynamic spatial environments is developed to facilitate the evacuation simulation of multi-level buildings. At the macro level, a semantics-based model is established to represent the topological structure of building interiors which can be timely updated according to the status of fire safety facilities during emergency evacuation. At the micro level, a grid graph-based model is adopted to represent the geometry of building layout in order to facilitate the simulation of two-dimensional human movement. / (3) On the basis of the process model of wayfinding and the representation of dynamic spatial environment of building interiors, a computational model is developed using cognizing agent for building evacuation simulation. The architecture of the cognizing agent consists of knowledge representation, wayfinding model, environmental perception model and local movement model. / (4) The proposed model is verified and applied for the evacuation simulation of a university building. A series of evacuation simulations have been conducted in different fire scenarios with respect to the particular groups of evacuees in school days and conference days. Based on statistical analyses of exit utilization, evacuation performance of different groups of evacuees has been discussed and compared. / It has been proven that the proposed evacuation model, which incorporates the cognitive perspectives of human wayfinding, is capable of simulating a variety of route choice of different types of evacuees during the evacuation of a multi-level building. The model can be used to simulate the evacuation of different groups of evacuees, and thus provide more realistic basis for building evacuation management. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Tan, Lu. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-148). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

College is a significant stage that heavily contributes to who and what citizens become after degree attainment. During career development, college students’ interests develop through taking part in coursework and employment based occupational exploration. It has been speculated that because sexual identity development and vocational identity development are active during the same phase of life, these processes might exert influence on each other (Chen, Stacuzzi, Ruckdeschel, 2004; Fassinger, 1996; Morrow, 1997). With the changing socioeconomic climate over the past decade, individuals of varying sexual orientation identities have found it necessary or desirable to be more open regarding their identity in their career. Currently, a lack of research exists that examines LGBQ+ students’ career development (Datti, 2009; Degges-White & Shoffner, 2002; Chung, 1995; Morrow, 1997; Schneider & Dimito, 2010). The purpose of this research study was to examine the career development of LGBQ+ students. Through a qualitative, phenomenological approach utilizing nine participants, the researcher examined how a LGBQ+ sexual orientation impacts a student’s career development. Four themes emerged from the study: the participant coming out process, awareness of intersectionality of identities, navigating their career as an LGBQ+ individual, identifying potential employers, and the role of career counselors. Recommendations are shared to further support LGBQ+ individuals in their career development. As a result of this study, leaders in post-secondary education as well as policymakers are able to gain insight into the career development of this population.

Institutions are recruiting new graduate nurses to fill their vacancies. The aim of this project was to create a new graduate nurse orientation program that consists of the Essentials of Critical Care Orientation (ECCO) program created by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (2014), scenarios, and simulation that will result in an increase in nurses' sense of their ability to provide safe patient care, communicate effectively, perform skills, and increase their sense of institutional support. The theoretical framework for this mixed methods project was Benner's "From Novice to Expert." The convenience sample participants consisted of 17 baccalaureate-prepared new graduate nurses. The Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey was administered prior to the orientation program and again at the completion. Content analysis was used for Section I of the survey, which pertains to the top 3 skills nurses are uncomfortable performing. In the presurvey, chest tube care, ECK/EKG/telemetry, and tracheostomy were listed. However, they were not listed on the post survey. The findings resulted in a correlation between skills that were taught during simulation and scenarios. Fisher's exact test was used for Sections II, III, and IV of the survey. There was no statistically significant difference in the pre and post survey as it pertained to questions regarding safe patient care, communication, and sense of institutional support. Results of this study are inconclusive and do not fully support the orientation program. Nurse leaders have a social mandate to ensure new graduate nurses are supported and have the resources needed to provide safe patient care. The program that was created and implemented was an attempt to assist new graduate nurses with their transition into practice.

Thesis (MBA) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / Every employee at any institution has to be inducted upon employment. Induction is a very important aspect of any organization to prepare the new and existing employees for the new environment or workplace. It is therefore very important for any institution to design induction programme that caters for the needs of its employees. Teaching institutions might require a different approach to induction as compared to industrial institutions. It is therefore incumbent of the institutions depending on the type of business to design their programmes to address the needs thereof. Every institution thus needs to come up with strategies to compete better both nationally and globally. University of Limpopo has very good policies on recruitment, selection, and employment. It is one of the traditional universities in South Africa, and it is based in Mankweng in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. This university faces many challenges such as staff retention. The university loses many knowledgeable employees to its competitors. Many speculations are that some of the challenges include the wellbeing of the staff members, and this starts immediately after employment and goes throughout. Induction is one of the challenges that the university is suspected of not performing adequately. This study was therefore designed to establish if the university is running a successful induction, to evaluate if this programme is effective and efficient, and assess if it meets the 21st century induction standards. The study was designed to apply the descriptive approaches, using structured questionnaires and interviews. The study population included at least 50 employees which 25 were academics and 25 non-academics. Relevant supporting departments were also sampled to participate in the study. Stratified sampling techniques were used during sampling. Both primary and secondary data was collected and analysed. Ethical guidelines set by the university were observed during the study. Relevant statistical techniques were applied to analyse the data. Findings the study suggest that very few employees were inducted. All levels of induction from the corporate, departmental, and local were not fully executed. Mentors and buddies were hardly used or only used on request by the new employees. Only a limited content of the induction was covered and this was not consistent with all employees inducted. The results of the study show that the duration of induction programme was also not consistent. In addition, the perceptions of the employees was that the university was doing poorly to induct employees. Conclusions drawn were that the university is doing poorly on induction. The programme was not consistent and effective. Very few employees were inducted on which just a brief orientation. It was however established that the CAE had a programme that was on average adequate to equip the academics for the working environment, but the same cannot be mentioned on the corporate induction.

The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of a pre-therapy client orientation on clients admitted to a mental health center. A secondary purpose was to develop an effective and brief audio-visual orientation that would positively influence clients in therapy. It was hypothesized that a pre-therapy orientation would significantly reduce client no shows and cancellations, increase client fee payment, increase client level of psychological functioning, and increase client satisfaction with mental health services. None of the four hypotheses was supported by the research. A questionnaire filled out by the therapists involved in the study, after the data were collected, revealed that all of the therapists oriented their clients to therapy to varying degrees. This may account, in part, for the lack of results. Implications for future research suggest investigation into the development and evaluation of training programs for individual therapists to orient their clients in the most systematic, optimal fashion. Research should also focus on the magnitude of change after a pre-therapy orientation and the development of instruments of sufficient sensitivity to detect that change.