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S. thermophilus est une bactérie largement employée dans la fabrication des produits laitiers. La capacité des souches de S. thermophilus à générer des peptides bioactifs à partir des caséines bovines a été étudiée. Dix souches exprimant différemment la protéase de surface, PrtS, ont été incubées en présence de la caséine [alpha]s1, [alpha]s2 ou [bêta]. Le nombre et le type de peptides libérés dépendent de la souche utilisée. Des peptides connus comme des peptides bioactifs ont été détectés : 13 peptides ont été générés à partir de la caséine [bêta], 5 peptides à partir de la caséine [alpha]s2 et 2 peptides à partir de la caséine [alpha]s1. L'utilisation de cette bactérie pour la production de tels peptides dans l'aliment requiert qu'elle en internalise le moins possible. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux systèmes de transport de peptides présents au sein de l'espèce S. thermophilus. Une collection de 22 souches de S. thermophilus a été choisie pour étudier la variabilité des systèmes de transport des peptides présents au sein de l'espèce. Toute d'abord, la proximité phylogénétique entre les souches a été évaluée par MLST, puis la variabilité génétique du système de transport des oligopeptides Ami et du transporteur de di- et tripeptides DtpT a été étudiée au sein de cette collection. Un cluster, composé de 4 gènes, annoté en tant que transporteur ABC de peptides et de nickel a été détecté au sein du génome de la souche LMD-9, et appelé Ots. Il est présent chez 9 sur 22 souches de S. thermophilus et est transcrit tout au long de la croissance en milieu M17. La caractérisation du système Ots suggère qu'il est impliqué dans l'internalisation de peptides de petites tailles / S. thermophilus is a widely used bacterium in the manufacture of dairy products. The capacity of S. thermophilus to generate bioactive peptides from bovine caseins was studied. Ten strains expressing different levels of the cell envelope protease, PrtS, were incubated with [alpha]s1-, [alpha]s2- or [beta]-casein. Number and type of peptides released were strain-dependent. Peptides known as bioactive peptides were detected: 13 peptides were generated from [beta]-casein, 5 peptides from [alpha]s2-casein and 2 peptides from [alpha]s1-casein. The use of this bacterium for the production of such peptides in the food products requires the least internalization of these peptides by this bacterium. We were interested in knowing the peptide transport system present in the species S. thermophilus. A collection of 22 strains of S. thermophilus was chosen to study the genetic variability of peptide transport systems present within the species. First of all, we evaluated the phylogenetic proximity between selected strains by MLST, and then the genetic variability of the transport system of oligopeptides Ami and di- and tripeptides transporter, DtpT were studied in this collection. A cluster consisting of four genes, annotated as ABC transporter of peptides and nickel was detected in the genome of strain LMD-9, and called Ots. It is present in 9 of 22 strains of S. thermophilus and is transcribed throughout the growth in M17 medium. The Ots system seems to be involved in the internalization of smaller sized peptides

Europe is arguably in need of a more offensive approach towards theencouragement of entrepreneurship and research based product development.Several European initiatives have been initiated towards this aim, one ofwhich is the Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs); an initiativeultimately taken by the European Commission. The main purpose of the KICsis to foster innovation and commercialization in Europe by combining forcesof industry and university, much in line with the theory of the TripleHelix. This master’s thesis is a follow up report of a previously conductedRemotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) market analysis, which was a deliverable inthe OTS project; a KIC InnoEnergy initiated project, aiming towards productdevelopment within the ocean energy sector. The purpose of this thesis hasbeen to, on the one hand evaluate how such a multidisciplinary projectworks in practice, the consequences of its design and the coping of theseconsequences, and on the other hand to identify and map prerequisites for asituation regarding if, and how, the project should invite anotherparticipant from industry into a collaboration. Based on a qualitativeanalysis of seven interviews with representatives from both academia andindustry, the conclusions indicated that the structure and future of theOTS/ROV project is perceived as unclear, best remedied by strongermanagement, additional funding, and invitation of a new collaborator. Thedemands for such collaboration mainly include an explicit project plan fromthe external ROV supplier’s point of view, and the sharing of knowledge andequipment of the supplier from the internal members’ point of view.

This work consists of an observation of the relative data to lands of Santa Maria's city, initially starting from 23 variables that went along the process being left of side and indeed being only used 8. These varied went being related amongst themselves, seeking to find equations to explain the value used by the city hall as market value which is the determinant of the values of the several taxes the they be collected of the taxpayer. Through the use of the software PC GIVE, after a lot of attempts, it was gotten, to obtain equations for the value of the lots of the plant of values, for each one of the orientations of the section 11 that is located downtown. Two equations present as changeable of regression the area of the land and the value of the tax, another one, the area and the value for square meter used for collection of IPTU. The last of the equations resulted in three variables, being the area, the value for square meter and a variable maid starting from the observation of the distribution of the areas and sub zone and of her relationship with the value for square meter for effects of IPTU, call of SZ3. The obtaining of the equations represents the beginning of observations on the existent plant of values, of the need of his understanding and updating starting from the intrinsic knowledge of their variables, of the liberation need of more relative variables to the property and speed in the supply on the part of the entrusted section. It is a study that can be used in the study of a fairer determination of the value of the taxes, as well as for verification of values of the mass of data / Este trabalho consiste numa observação dos dados relativos a terrenos da cidade de Santa Maria, inicialmente a partir de 23 variáveis que ao longo do processo foram sendo deixadas de lado e efetivamente sendo utilizadas apenas 8. Estas variáveis foram sendo relacionadas entre si, visando encontrar equações para explicar o valor utilizado pela prefeitura como valor venal o qual é o determinante dos valores das diversas taxas a serem cobradas do contribuinte. Através da utilização do software PC GIVE, após muitas tentativas, conseguiu-se, obter equações para o valor dos lotes da planta de valores, para cada uma das orientações do setor 11 que se localiza no centro da cidade. Duas equações apresentam como variáveis de regressão a área do terreno e o valor do imposto, uma outra, a área e o valor por metro quadrado utilizado para cobrança de IPTU. A última das equações resultou em três variáveis, sendo a área, o valor por metro quadrado e uma variável criada a partir da observação da distribuição das zonas e subzonas e da sua relação com o valor por metro quadrado para efeitos de IPTU, chamada de SZ3. A obtenção das equações representa o início de observações sobre a planta de valores existente, da necessidade de sua compreensão e atualização a partir do conhecimento intrínseco de suas variáveis, da necessidade de liberação de mais variáveis relativas ao imóvel e rapidez no fornecimento por parte do setor encarregado. É um estudo que pode ser utilizado no estudo de uma determinação mais justa do valor dos impostos, como também para verificação de valores da massa de dados

Die Oberflächeneigenschaften eines Festkörpers können mit Hilfe dünner, durch Selbstorganisation gebildeter Molekülschichten aus Alkoxysilan-Molekülen gezielt verändert werden. Mikrostrukturierte selbstangeordnete Monolagen (SAM) können für die Anwendung in Bauelementen aus organischen Halbleitern von großem Interesse sein. Mikrokontaktdruck und Photolithographie sind zwei etablierte Verfahren, die jedoch Vorlagen und Masken zur Strukturierung benötigen. Dadurch entstehen bei häufig wechselnden Strukturen nicht zu vernachlässigende Rüstzeiten und Kosten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Erzeugung lateral strukturierter Schichten von Octadecyltrichlorsilan (OTS) auf Siliziumoxidoberflächen am konkreten Beispiel zweier alternativer, sowohl maskenloser als auch kontaktloser Methoden demonstriert: (i) Tintenstrahlverfahren als rein additive Strukturierung, und (ii) laserinduzierte, photothermische Desorption als subtraktive Strukturierung einer OTS-SAM . Für das Tintenstrahldruckverfahren wird an einem Kontaktwinkelmessgerät eine Methode zur Beobachtung und Auswertung der Tropfenverdampfung implementiert und ein Modell für kleine Tropfen entwickelt. Für die subtraktive Strukturierung werden an einem selbst entwickelten Versuchsaufbau die leistungs- und geschwindigkeitsabhängige Strukturbreite untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Technologieansätze werden verglichen. / With help of thin layers of alkoxysilane molecules formed by self-assembly, the surface properties of solids can be controlled. Microstructured self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are interesting for applications in components based on organic semiconductors. Two established technologies for the structuring of molecular monolayers are microcontact printing and photolithography, for which templates and masks need to be structured. In this way, setting times and costs are high if variable patterns have to be structured. In this work, the fabrication of laterally structured monolayers from octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) is demonstrated for two examples of alternative, both template-free and maskless technologies: (i) inkjet as a purely additive method, and (ii) photothermal laser desorption as a subtractive structuring of an OTS-SAM. For the inkjet technology, a method for the observation and analysis of the evaporation of a droplet is implemented at a goniometer and a mathematical model for small inkjet droplets is extrapolated, For the subtractive laser structuring, the achievable patterning resolution is investigated as a function of laser intensity and scanning speed. The results of both technological approaches are compared.

Foreign-trained healthcare professionals consist of a sizable and important portion of the United States healthcare workforce (Chen et al., 2013; Farkas, 2003; Lowell, 2012). Foreign-trained healthcare workers often encounter various challenges in acclimating and integrating into the American society and workforce. Even though foreign-trained occupational therapists are considered essential, and their difficulties in adjusting are well-recognized, there are very limited bridging and training programs designated solely for this population that incorporate a comprehensive approach and meets their unique needs. Therefore, this doctoral project aimed to understand the barriers to integrating into the local workforce and proposed ways for supporting these highly- educated and experienced professionals in their new country. The resulting solution is A Bright Future Ahead, an online educational and vocational program designed for new foreign occupational therapists. The program’s content and structure are based on existing programs for adjacent health professionals while customizing the program’s layout and content to target occupational therapists. A Bright Future Ahead suggests a multi-layered solution that requires an enormous investment in the program’s development and implementation; however, this program can be expanded in the future to other professions that share similar professional credentialing processes and experience akin barriers.

Large-scale processes that are modeled using differential algebraic equations based on mass and energy balance calculations at times require excessive computation time to simulate. Depending on the complexity of the model, these simulations may require many iterations to converge and in some cases they may not converge at all. Application of a storage and retrieval technique, named in situ adaptive tabulation or ISAT is proposed for faster convergence of process simulation models. Comparison with neural networks is performed, and better performance using ISAT for extrapolation is shown. In particular, the requirement of real-time dynamic simulation is discussed for operating training simulators (OTS). Integration of ISAT to a process simulator (CHEMCAD®) using the input-output data only is shown. A regression technique based on partial least squares (PLS) is suggested to approximate the sensitivity without accessing the first-principles model. Different record distribution strategies to build an ISAT database are proposed and better performance using the suggested techniques is shown for different case studies. A modified ISAT algorithm (mISAT) is described to improve the retrieval rate, and its performance is compared with the original approach in a case study. State estimation is a key requirement of many process control and monitoring strategies. Different nonlinear state estimation techniques studied in the past are discussed with their relative advantages/disadvantages. A robust state estimation technique like moving horizon estimation (MHE) has a trade-off between accuracy of state estimates and the computational cost. Implementation of MHE based ISAT is shown for faster state estimation, with an accuracy same as that of MHE. Flowsheet optimization aims to optimize an objective or cost function by changing various independent process variables, subject to design and model constraints. Depending on the nonlinearity of the process units, an optimization routine can make a number of calls for flowsheet (simulation) convergence, thereby making the computation time prohibitive. Storage and retrieval of the simulation trajectories can speed-up process optimization, which is shown using a CHEMCAD® flowsheet. Online integration of an ISAT database to solve the simulation problem along with an outer-loop consisting of the optimization routine is shown using the sequential-modular approach. / text

This master’s thesis deals with jet streams. The exploration part describes conditions of jet stream formation, its characteristics, classification on the geographical basis and phenomena attendant on the jet streams. It also contains a description of jet stream measurement methods and methods of its interpretation in aeronautical meteorological charts. Organization of aeronautical traffic in the north Atlantic region within reach of the jet streams is further described. Practical part of this thesis contains author’s own research which compares time and economical profitability of transatlantic flights planned according to the jet streams. The principle of this evaluation was based on assessment of real flights and flights via shortest possible routes. It was proven, that profits mentioned above are gained only in the oceanic parts of flights.

Die Oberflächeneigenschaften eines Festkörpers können mit Hilfe dünner, durch Selbstorganisation gebildeter Molekülschichten aus Alkoxysilan-Molekülen gezielt verändert werden. Mikrostrukturierte selbstangeordnete Monolagen (SAM) können für die Anwendung in Bauelementen aus organischen Halbleitern von großem Interesse sein. Mikrokontaktdruck und Photolithographie sind zwei etablierte Verfahren, die jedoch Vorlagen und Masken zur Strukturierung benötigen. Dadurch entstehen bei häufig wechselnden Strukturen nicht zu vernachlässigende Rüstzeiten und Kosten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Erzeugung lateral strukturierter Schichten von Octadecyltrichlorsilan (OTS) auf Siliziumoxidoberflächen am konkreten Beispiel zweier alternativer, sowohl maskenloser als auch kontaktloser Methoden demonstriert: (i) Tintenstrahlverfahren als rein additive Strukturierung, und (ii) laserinduzierte, photothermische Desorption als subtraktive Strukturierung einer OTS-SAM . Für das Tintenstrahldruckverfahren wird an einem Kontaktwinkelmessgerät eine Methode zur Beobachtung und Auswertung der Tropfenverdampfung implementiert und ein Modell für kleine Tropfen entwickelt. Für die subtraktive Strukturierung werden an einem selbst entwickelten Versuchsaufbau die leistungs- und geschwindigkeitsabhängige Strukturbreite untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Technologieansätze werden verglichen. / With help of thin layers of alkoxysilane molecules formed by self-assembly, the surface properties of solids can be controlled. Microstructured self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are interesting for applications in components based on organic semiconductors. Two established technologies for the structuring of molecular monolayers are microcontact printing and photolithography, for which templates and masks need to be structured. In this way, setting times and costs are high if variable patterns have to be structured. In this work, the fabrication of laterally structured monolayers from octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) is demonstrated for two examples of alternative, both template-free and maskless technologies: (i) inkjet as a purely additive method, and (ii) photothermal laser desorption as a subtractive structuring of an OTS-SAM. For the inkjet technology, a method for the observation and analysis of the evaporation of a droplet is implemented at a goniometer and a mathematical model for small inkjet droplets is extrapolated, For the subtractive laser structuring, the achievable patterning resolution is investigated as a function of laser intensity and scanning speed. The results of both technological approaches are compared.