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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studies in superovulated ewes of factors influencing the yield of fertilised ova and their capacity for development

Scudamore, Cheryl Lynn January 1991 (has links)
Border Leicester x Scottish Blackface ewes were used in a series of experiments to investigate factors affecting the number of transferable ova produced in response to superovulation with follicle stimulating hormone or pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. The effect of the method of oestrous synchronisation on ova production was studied and it was suggested that during the progesterone priming period the application of progestagens via intravaginal pessaries resulted in a higher ovulation rate than pure progesterone. There was also evidence that ewes primed with 40 as opposed to 30mg fluorogestone acetate produced ova of higher viability after transfer to recipient ewes. However, a sustained increase in plasma concentrations of progesterone, within physiological limits, did not improve ovulation rate or the development of 5-day old ova in an in vitro culture system. Failure to maintain adequate progesterone concentrations throughout the entire priming period leading to mistiming of superovulatory treatment in relation to follicular development was identified as a possible cause of reduced ovulation rates. Laparoscopic technique for intrauterine insemination and ovum recovery were used successfully in experimental and commercial pedigree ewes. Insemination close to the expected time of ovulation resulted in high fertilisation rates of ova. Delaying the insemination until after ovulation was expected to be complete improved the ovum recovery rate but resulted in an increased number of retarded and unfertilised ova. It was hypothesised that this was the result of oocyte ageing prior to fertilisation. Attempts to investigate the development of early stage (two-day old) ova in in vitro co-culture with oviductal cells demonstrated the unreliability of morphology as a guide to ovine ovum viability and the need for additional tests such as nuclear staining. Through the thesis the implications of the findings for application in commercial ovum transfer schemes are discussed.
2

Optimisation of Lagrangian Flash Flood Microsensors Dropped by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Abdulaal, Mohammed 05 1900 (has links)
Abstract Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Mechanical Engineering Department Master of Science Optimisation of Lagrangian Flash Flood Microsensors Dropped by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle by Mohammed Abdulaal Floods are the most common natural disasters, causing thousands of casualties every year in the world. In particular, ash ood events are particularly deadly because of the short timescales on which they occur. Classical sensing solutions such as xed wireless sensor networks or satellite imagery are either too expensive or too inaccurate. Nevertheless, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles equipped with mobile microsensors could be capable of sensing ash oods in real time for a low overall cost, saving lives and greatly improving the e ciency of the emergency response. Using ood simulation data, we show that this system could be used to detect ash oods. We also present an ongoing implementation of this system using 3D printed sensors and sensor delivery systems on a UAV testbed as well as some preliminary results.
3

The Origin of Ova in the Adult Opossum

Everett, Newton Bennie 08 1900 (has links)
This study attempted to determine whether ova are formed from the epithelial covering of the ovary during sexual maturity, and if so to determine how they are formed and to see if there is any relation between the formation and the breeding season.
4

Determinação do perfil de resposta imune de camundongos nascidos ou amamentados em mães infectadas pelo Schistosoma mansoni

d Emery Alves Santos, Patrícia 31 January 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3465_1.pdf: 1730703 bytes, checksum: 1be40ad900b4fb4035643453c3215a8e (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Schistosoma mansoni induz imunossupressão a antígenos homólogos e heterólogos no hospedeiro. Em áreas onde a esquistossomose é endêmica, é comum observar gestantes cronicamente infectadas. Atualmente, todas as espécies de Schistosoma infectam aproximadamente 40 milhões de mulheres em idade fértil no mundo, e já é sabido que a exposição in utero aos antígenos do parasita provoca alterações na resposta imune do recémnascido que podem afetar respostas subseqüentes a antígenos homólogos. Neste estudo, investigamos se a exposição à infecção materna por Schistosoma mansoni pode influenciar a resposta imune dos descendentes a um antígeno heterólogo, ovalbumina (OVA). Camundongos adultos nascidos e/ou amamentados em fêmeas infectadas pelo S. mansoni foram utilizados para formação de três grupos experimentais: filhotes nascidos (MI), amamentados (AI) ou nascidos e amamentados (MIAI) em mães infectadas, e um grupo controle: animais nascidos e amamentados em mães não-infectadas. Os animais foram imunizados s.c. com OVA em adjuvante e após 8 dias, foram desafiados no coxim plantar com OVA agregada para análise das reações de hipersensibilidade e dosagem plasmática de IgG1 e IgG2a OVA-específica. As células esplênicas foram cultivas para quantificação das citocinas IL-2, IFN- , IL-4 e IL-10 nos sobrenadantes. Em comparação ao grupo controle, as respostas humoral e celular anti-OVA foram potencializadas nos animais MIAI+OVA, enquanto que nos animais AI+OVA esta potencialização foi melhor observada na produção de anticorpos anti-OVA. Nestes dois grupos ocorreu um aumento na produção de IL-2. Por outro lado, os animais MI+OVA apresentaram uma alta produção de IL-10. Mesmo assim, a resposta imune anti-OVA neste grupo só foi parcialmente suprimida. Com base nestes resultados, concluímos que filhotes de mães esquistossomóticas podem sofrer na vida adulta alterações na sua resposta imunológica a um antígeno heterólogo, adquirindo um potencial supressivo através da gestação, mas que com a amamentação vai se tornando mais eficaz. Esses resultados destacam a importância da amamentação
5

Mecanismos implicados en la alteración de la actividad mastocitaria y la respuesta motora en un modelo de exposición oral a ovo-albúmina (OVA) en rata Sprague Dawley (SD)

Traver López, Estefanía 16 October 2009 (has links)
El Síndrome del Intestino Irritable (IBS) se define como una alteración de la función gastrointestinal caracterizada por dismotilidad e hipersensibilidad visceral. En la mayoría de pacientes con este síndrome el número de mastocitos de mucosa intestinal (IMMC) y su actividad están aumentados. Este hecho podría jugar un papel central en las alteraciones funcionales, sensitivas y motoras del IBS ya que la activación de esta población celular provocaría la liberación de mediadores que podrían afectar a la excitabilidad de las neuronas entéricas y a la de las aferentes primarias, así como a la contractilidad del músculo liso intestinal. No obstante, este síndrome presenta un diagnóstico difícil y un tratamiento poco efectivo ya que los factores que lo causan aún no están claros. Recientemente los procesos alérgicos no diagnosticados hacia componentes de la dieta se han propuesto como posible factor desencadenante del IBS. Se requiere sin embargo disponer de modelos in vivo para estudiar los mecanismos implicados e identificar nuevas dianas terapéuticas. El modelo experimental inducido en rata Sprague Dawley (SD) a la que se expone a ovo-albúmina (OVA) por vía oral reproduce algunos de los hallazgos observados en pacientes con IBS: un aumento de la actividad mastocitaria y una alteración en la motilidad.El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral ha sido contribuir a caracterizar el modelo de exposición oral a OVA en rata SD; determinar el tipo de respuesta inmune inducida por el antígeno, evaluar la actividad mastocitaria y su implicación en la dismotilidad inducida por OVA y valorar la participacion del factor de crecimiento nervioso (NGF) en el proceso.La exposición oral a OVA, a diferencia de otras proteínas como la gelatina, produjo un aumento en la actividad mastocitaria en el intestino delgado y el colon, como reflejan el aumento del número de IMMC y el incremento de la concentración intestinal de RMCPII. Sin embargo, parámetros como la concentración de IgE o IgG específicas anti-OVA, IL4 o la presencia de eosinófilos y celulas IgE+ en tejido intestinal no se vieron afectados por la exposición a OVA. Estos resultados, junto con el aumento de liberación de histamina tras la estimulación directa de mastocitos con OVA in Vitro, sugirieron que el efecto de esta proteína podría deberse a una interacción directa, no mediada por anticuerpos, entre OVA y el mastocito. La exposición oral a OVA también produjo un incremento en parámetros relacionados con la respuesta motora principalmente en colon, así como en la expresión de NGF en tejido intestinal. Finalmente, el tratamiento con ketotifeno disminuyó significativamente el aumento inducido por OVA sobre la actividad mastocitaria y la respuesta motora y la expresión de NGF. Además se observó una correlación entre el efecto de OVA sobre la actividad mastocitaria y la respuesta motora especialmente en colon, que contribuye a proponer la hipótesis de que los mastocitos están implicados en la alteración de la motilidad intestinal.La exposición de ratas SD a OVA por vía oral induce una alteración de la motilidad intestinal que no es mediada por una reacción de naturaleza alérgica. A la disfunción motora provocada por la OVA contribuyen sin embargo los mastocitos, probablemente mediante la interacción directa entre esta población celular y la proteína que puede generar, entre otros mediadores, la liberación de NGF. Este mecanismo no alérgico que implica a los mastocitos puede ser relevante en ciertos tipos de pacientes con IBS, cuyo abordaje terapéutico quizás requiera de un replanteamiento. Este trabajo ha apuntado el camino para una caracterización más profunda del modelo con el objetivo de identificar nuevas dianas terapéuticas. / Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is an alteration of the gastrointestinal function characterised by dismotility and visceral hypersensitivity. In most patients with this syndrome the number of intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) and its activity are increased. This could play a central role in any physiological, sensory and motor IBS because activation of this cell population would result in the release of mediators that could affect the excitability of enteric neurons and primary afferents, as well as the intestinal smooth muscle contractility. However, this syndrome presents a difficult diagnosis and ineffective treatment because the factors that cause it are still unclear. Recently undiagnosed allergic processes to dietary components have been proposed as a possible trigger of IBS. However is required to have in vivo models to study the mechanisms involved and identify new therapeutic targets. The rat experimental model induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) which is exposed to ovo-albumin (OVA) orally play some of the findings in patients with IBS: increased mast cell activity and altered motility. The aim of this PhD was to characterize the model of oral exposure to OVA in SD rat; determine the type of immune response induced, the mast cell activity and assess their involvement in the OVA-induced dysmotility and evaluate the participation of Nerve growth factor (NGF) in the process. Oral exposure to OVA, unlike other proteins such as gelatin, induced an increase in mast cell activity in the small intestine and colon, as reflected in the increased number of IMMC and intestinal RMCPII concentration. However, parameters such as concentration of specific IgE or IgG anti-OVA, IL4 or the presence of eosinophils and IgE + cells in intestinal tissue were not affected by exposure to OVA. These findings, coupled with increased histamine release after direct stimulation of mast cells with OVA in vitro, suggested that the effect of this protein could be due to direct interaction between OVA and the mast cell. Oral exposure to OVA also produced an increase in parameters related to motor response mainly in the colon, as well as in the expression of NGF in intestinal tissue. Finally, treatment with ketotifen significantly reduced the OVA-induced increase of mast cell activity and motor response and the expression of NGF. We observed a correlation between the effect of OVA on mast cell activity and motor response especially in the colon, which contributes to hypothesize that mast cells are involved in altering intestinal motility.Oral exposure to OVA in SD rats induces a disturbance in motor response that is not mediated by an allergic reaction. However, mast cells have a key role in the disturbance of intestinal motility, probably through direct interaction between this cell population and the protein, which can generate, among other mediators, the release of NGF. This nonallergic mechanism involving mast cells may be relevant in certain types of patients with IBS, whose therapeutic approach may require a restatement. This work has pointed the way for a deeper characterization of the model with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets.
6

Stress and early pregnancy in sows : effect on endocrinology, ova transport and embryo development /

Razdan, Pia, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
7

Avaliação do potencial terapêutico da quercetina sobre camundongos C57BL/6 e BALB/C com asma experimental induzida por ovalbumina

Fortes, Eduardo Hernandez 29 May 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Hiolanda Rêgo (hiolandar@gmail.com) on 2013-05-09T17:56:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Nut_ Eduardo Fortes.pdf: 875943 bytes, checksum: 0430a3ef91ff0e67dd54fcf4742107c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Flávia Ferreira(flaviaccf@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-30T00:44:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Nut_ Eduardo Fortes.pdf: 875943 bytes, checksum: 0430a3ef91ff0e67dd54fcf4742107c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-30T00:44:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Nut_ Eduardo Fortes.pdf: 875943 bytes, checksum: 0430a3ef91ff0e67dd54fcf4742107c0 (MD5) / CAPES / Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória complexa e os corticóides são a principal classe de medicamentos utilizada no seu tratamento. Estas drogas apresentam diversos efeitos colaterais e o seu uso não foi eficiente em alguns pacientes cuja causa do óbito foi conseqüente à doença. Assim, o efeito terapêutico da quercetina, na concentração de 20 mg/kg, foi investigado num modelo animal de asma brônquica. Materiais e Métodos1: camundongos das linhagens C57Bl/6 e BALB/c foram imunizados subcutaneamente e desafiados com inalação de ovalbumina. Posteriormente, grupos de animais das duas linhagens foram tratados com quercetina, durante cinco dias consecutivos, no período que antecedia a inalação com ovalbumina2. Resultados: o tratamento com quercetina reduziu a eosinofilia no lavado brônquio-alveolar. Nos bronquíolos, diminuiu a infiltração de células inflamatórias apenas na linhagem de camundongos BALB/c. Adicionalmente, nesta linhagem, o nível de produção de muco foi reduzido no grupo de animais tratados com o fitoterápico e a diminuição dos parâmetros inflamatórios foi similar ao grupo controle tratado com dexametasona3. Os marcadores inflamatórios avaliados no grupo de camundongos que usou quercetina na linhagem C57Bl/6 não sofreram alterações significativas com relação ao grupo não tratado. Conclusões: Nas condições do presente trabalho conclui-se que a quercetina atenuou significativamente as características inflamatórias da asma experimental apenas em camundongos da linhagem BALB/c, embora os mecanismos de ação desse fitoterápico não tenham sido efetivamente evidenciados. / Salvador
8

Bakterielles Superantigen verstärkt die Atemwegsinflammation und bronchiale Atemwegsreagibilität in einem Mausmodell der allergischen Sensibilisierung

Rückert, René 26 June 2000 (has links)
Asthma Bronchiale (AB) ist eine chronisch- obstruktive, teilweise reversible Entzündung der Atemwege, deren klinisches Korellat die bronchiale Hyperreagibilität (BHR) ist. Es lassen sich aufgrund ethiologischer Faktoren extrinsiches und intrinsisches AB unterscheiden, wobei ersteres auf einer allergischen Sensibilisierung und letzteres auf irritativen oder infektbedingten entzündlichen Prozessen beruht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluß von bakteriellem Superantigen auf die Entzündungsreaktion und die bronchiale Hyperreagibilität untersucht. Stapylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) wurde hierbei als Modellsubstanz in einem Mausmodell eingesetzt, da SEB produzierende Staphylokokken im Nasenrachenraum von Asthmatikern nachgewiesen werden konnten. Nasale Applikation von SEB induzierte in C57BL/6 Mäusen eine Entzündungsreaktion mit Influx von Lymphozyen und eosinophilen Granulozyten sowie gesteigerte Produktion von IL-4, IL-5 und TNF-alpha in der Lunge, welches in der Histologie und Bronchiallavage nachgewiesen wurde. Desweiteren führt SEB allergenunabhängig zur Ausbildung von BHR. SEB Applikation in einem Mausmodell der allergischen Sensibilisierung (gegen Ovalbumin in C57BL/6 Mäusen) verstärkt die allergische Entzündung in der Lunge und die BHR. CD23 (Low-Affinity IgE Rezeptor) Knock out Tiere zeigen nach allergischer Sensibilisierung und SEB Behandlung keinen Anstieg der TNF-alpha Produktion und keine Hyperreagibilität. Aus diesen Ergebnisse läßt sich schlußfolgern: I. Bakterielles Superantigen induziert das Vollbild des intrinsischen AB im Tiermodell. II. Bakterielles Superantigen kann das extrinsische, allergische AB verstärken. III. Der CD23 Rezeptor ist essentiell für die TNF-alpha Produktion und die Induktion von BHR. Diese Resultate sollten in klinischen Studien am Patienten überprüft werden, da aufgrund der hier vorliegenden Daten zu erwarten ist, daß Antibiotikatherapie, und damit Elimination superantigenproduzierender Bakterien im Nasenrachenraum, die klinische Symptomatik des AB reduzieren kann. / Asthma bronchiale (AB) is an obstructive, partially reversible chronic inflammatatory disease of the small airways, which clinical correlate is represented by airway hyperreactivity. Based on etiological factors, AB can be divided in extrinsic and intrinsic AB, where the first depends on an allergic sensitization and the latter on airway irritation by environmental factors or airway inflammation due to viral or bacterial infection. In this thesis, the role of bacterial superantigens in airway inflammation and -hyperreactivity is analyzed. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was used as a prototypic substance, since SEB producing Staphylo-coccal aureus can be found in the nose and pharynx of asthmatic patients. Nasal application of SEB in C57BL/6 mice resulted in airway inflammation characterized by an influx of lymphocytes and eosinophil granulocytes and increased production of IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-alpha, which was analyzed by histology and bronchiolalveolar lavage. Furthermore, SEB induced independent of aller-gens airway hyperreactivity. SEB application in a mouse-model of allergic sensitization (to ovalbumin in C57BL/6 mice) boosts the allergen-induced allergic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. CD23 (low-affinity IgE receptor) knock out mice showed no increased TNF-alpha production and no air-way hyperreactivity after allergic sensitization and SEB treatment. These results demonstrate: I. Bacterial superantigen can induce intrinsic AB in a mouse model. II. Bacte-rial superantigen can significantly boost the allergic, extrinsic AB. III. The CD23 receptor is essential for TNF-alpha production and for the induction of airway hyperreactivity. Based on these findings, clinical surveys should be performed, since one could expect, that eradication of nasal bacterial carriage and therefore local superantigen sezernation should improve the AB- symptoms in affected patients.
9

Tolerância cruzada no modelo de inflamação pulmonar alérgica experimental. / Cross-tolerance in a model of experimental allergic lung inflammation.

Balbino, Bianca 02 December 2014 (has links)
A tolerância pode ser considerada um dos pilares da imunologia. Sabe-se que a tolerância a um antígeno pode gerar tolerância a outro antígeno não relacionado, fenômeno conhecido como tolerância cruzada. Neste trabalho caracterizamos a tolerância cruzada utilizando a OVA como tolerógeno e extrato de Blomia tropicalis (Bt) ou Hemocianina de Keyhole limpet (KLH) como alérgenos. Verificamos que é possível reproduzir o fenômeno da tolerância cruzada neste modelo de inflamação alérgica induzida tanto pelo KLH quanto pela Bt, com diminuição do infiltrado inflamatório no pulmão, eosinófilos, IgE total e produção de muco. Ainda, a estratégia de utilizar a tolerância cruzada terapeuticamente, i.é., após a sensibilização com KLH, a indução de tolerância cruzada não foi capaz de prevenir a resposta alérgica. Em conjunto, nossos dados mostram que a tolerância à OVA modifica as respostas alérgicas tanto à Bt quanto ao KLH no modelo de inflamação pulmonar experimental de forma profilática, mas que a tolerância cruzada não é eficiente em animais já sensibilizados. / Tolerance is among the Immunology pillars. Experimental data indicate that tolerance towards an antigen can promote tolerance to an unrelated antigen, a phenomenon known as cross-tolerance. Here we sought to characterize cross tolerance using OVA as a tolerogen and Blomia tropicalis (Bt) extract or Keyhole limpet Hemocianina (KLH) as allergens. We found that cross tolerance can be reproduced in the model of allergic lung disease induced by KLH or Bt, with less inflammatory infiltrate in the lung, eosinophils, total IgE and mucus production. Using cross tolerance therapeutically, i.e., after KLH sensitization, was not effective, since the allergic lung response was not modulated. Altogether, our data shows that OVA tolerance modulate allergic lung disease induced either by Bt or KLH when used as prophylactic model, however cross tolerance is ineffective in sensitized animals.
10

Tolerância cruzada no modelo de inflamação pulmonar alérgica experimental. / Cross-tolerance in a model of experimental allergic lung inflammation.

Bianca Balbino 02 December 2014 (has links)
A tolerância pode ser considerada um dos pilares da imunologia. Sabe-se que a tolerância a um antígeno pode gerar tolerância a outro antígeno não relacionado, fenômeno conhecido como tolerância cruzada. Neste trabalho caracterizamos a tolerância cruzada utilizando a OVA como tolerógeno e extrato de Blomia tropicalis (Bt) ou Hemocianina de Keyhole limpet (KLH) como alérgenos. Verificamos que é possível reproduzir o fenômeno da tolerância cruzada neste modelo de inflamação alérgica induzida tanto pelo KLH quanto pela Bt, com diminuição do infiltrado inflamatório no pulmão, eosinófilos, IgE total e produção de muco. Ainda, a estratégia de utilizar a tolerância cruzada terapeuticamente, i.é., após a sensibilização com KLH, a indução de tolerância cruzada não foi capaz de prevenir a resposta alérgica. Em conjunto, nossos dados mostram que a tolerância à OVA modifica as respostas alérgicas tanto à Bt quanto ao KLH no modelo de inflamação pulmonar experimental de forma profilática, mas que a tolerância cruzada não é eficiente em animais já sensibilizados. / Tolerance is among the Immunology pillars. Experimental data indicate that tolerance towards an antigen can promote tolerance to an unrelated antigen, a phenomenon known as cross-tolerance. Here we sought to characterize cross tolerance using OVA as a tolerogen and Blomia tropicalis (Bt) extract or Keyhole limpet Hemocianina (KLH) as allergens. We found that cross tolerance can be reproduced in the model of allergic lung disease induced by KLH or Bt, with less inflammatory infiltrate in the lung, eosinophils, total IgE and mucus production. Using cross tolerance therapeutically, i.e., after KLH sensitization, was not effective, since the allergic lung response was not modulated. Altogether, our data shows that OVA tolerance modulate allergic lung disease induced either by Bt or KLH when used as prophylactic model, however cross tolerance is ineffective in sensitized animals.

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