This project is the first step in a long line of research that will examine the impact of status on information exchange in small groups of medical professionals. Specifically, we employ the expectation states theory and observable power and prestige methodology to develop a coding scheme and live coding methodology that is attuned to the unique status organizing process in interprofessional medical teams. This paper begins with an explanation of the shortcomings in current research that examines medical teams. We then discuss the conceptual development of the coding scheme and methodology. Next, we establish reliability between live coders and between the transcript coders. We conclude by employing our coding scheme to examine how occupational status (physician vs. nurse) operates in medical teams, and find that our scheme possesses both criterion and face validity. Future steps include increasing our sample size to have more statistical power in detecting status differences and dropping some items from the coding scheme to increase reliability.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there was any connection between coping strategies; emotional and cognitive strategy and perceived level of stress among primary school teachers in primary and middle school. It was also investigated whether there was a difference between full-time and part-time employees and perceived level of stress. As a theoretical background Lazarus' transaction theory of stress was used as an explanation of mental stress, Lazarus coping strategies for stress and Karasek’s and Theorell’s model of psychosocial work environment was used to explain unhealthy at work. To measure coping we used Coping inventory resources and to measure the stress we used Percieved stress scale. Data were collected from 76 elementary school teachers in five elementary schools from small towns in southern Sweden. The result showed significant relationships between cognitive coping strategy and greater perceived stress. No significant associations were found regarding full-time, part-time and perceived degree of stress. Participating teachers between 23-66 years (M= 41 years) and gender distribution were 68 women and 8 men. Further research is suggested on studying elementary school teacher’s positive self-image and positive view of others in relation to perception of stress and to examine differences in adulthood and coping strategy. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan copingstrategierna emotionell och kognitiv strategi och upplevd grad av stress hos grundskolelärare på låg och mellanstadiet. Det undersöktes också om skillnad fanns mellan heltid och deltidsanställda och upplevd grad av stress. Som teoretisk bakgrund användes Lazarus transaktionsteori för stress som förklaring till mental stress, Lazarus copingstrategier som bemästringstrategi för stress och Karaseks och Theorells Krav-kontroll-stödmodell för att förklara ohälsa på arbetet. För att mäta coping användes Coping resources inventory och för att mäta stress användes Percieved stress scale. Data samlades in från 76 grundskolelärare på fem grundskolor på mindre orter i södra Sverige. Resultatet visade signifikanta samband mellan kognitiv copingstrategi och högre grad upplevd stress. Inga signifikanta samband påträffades gällande heltid, deltid och upplevd grad av stress. De deltagande lärarna var mellan 23-66 år, (M= 41 år) och könsfördelningen var, 68 kvinnor och 8 män. Vidare forskning föreslås för studier angående grundskolelärares positiva syn på sig själv och andra i förhållande till synen på stress samt att studera skillnader i användning av copingstrategi i vuxen ålder.

Cette étude a pour ambition d'améliorer les connaissances thématiques sur l'évolution de l'occupation et de l'utilisation des sols et des structures paysagères. Les recherches et les analyses faites sur cette thématique forment une base d'information nécessaire aux différents utilisateurs. Elles sont intéressantes pour mettre l'accent sur les problèmes environnementaux en général. L'objectif principal de la présente étude est d'élaborer une cartographie détaillée de la dynamique d'occupation et d'utilisation du sol dans le delta de Mejerda. On a essayé de remonter à la moitié du XXème siècle, du fait que la plupart des changements dans la morphologie paysagère du delta se confondait avec celle de son aménagement hydraulique. Outre, cette zone, a subi plusieurs contraintes de diverses origines qui posent des pressions de plus en plus fortes : - Une périurbanisation intense qui transforme le paysage naturel et les terres cultivables (habitats, zones industrielles, infrastructures routières, ...). - Des aménagements (zones industrielles, infrastructures routières...) et des interventions parfois inadéquats au sein des zones à risque d'inondation et de stagnation d'eau (Garaâ). - Au niveau du littoral et notamment le complexe lagunaire de Ghar El Melh, ces interventions se traduisent par une altération du milieu physique (érosion et engraissement) et une transformation de la morphologie de l'occupation du sol... Aujourd'hui, l'extension des méthodes d'analyses intégrées comme les systèmes d'informations géographiques (SIG), et les avantages de la télédétection aérospatiale, nous permettent d'approfondir les études en accédant à une information multi-scalaire et multi-temporelle, jadis inaccessible. Les problèmes soulevés par l'occupation et l'utilisation du sol nous ont amené à suivre les travaux de CORGNE S., (2004) et à développer une méthode reproductible qui permet d'effectuer une prédiction à court terme de la couverture hivernale des sols en contexte agricole intensif (cas du périmètre irrigué de Kalaât Landalous). Une approche approximative qui se base sur un modèle expert et qui utilise la règle des évidences de Dempster-Shafer a été retenue. Des prédictions de la couverture hivernale des sols ont été effectuées selon les deux hypothèses " Sols couverts " et " sols nus à peu couverts " pour la période 2009-2013.

Chronic pain is a public health problem that is likely to increase as the population ages, and has few effective treatments. Although viewed by many as profoundly distressing and disabling, there are a surprising number of people (approximately 30%) who cope well with their chronic pain and do not continue to seek treatment. There is little theory to explain how and why these individuals manage their pain well. This means there is limited knowledge about the approaches used by people who cope well and whether these strategies could help those who have more difficulty. This thesis presents a substantive grounded theory of living well with chronic pain, the theory of re-occupying self. Seventeen individual interviews were recorded, with data collection, analysis and theory generation following classical grounded theory methodological approach. Constant comparison, theoretical sampling, theoretical coding, and theoretical sensitivity were used to identify the main concern of people who cope well with pain. This concern is achieving self-coherence, and is resolved by re-occupying self. Resolution involves making sense to develop an idiographic model of their pain; deciding to turn from patient to person, facilitated or hindered by interactions with clinicians and occupational drive; and flexibly persisting where occupational engaging and coping allow individuals to develop future plans. By completing this process, individuals form a coherent self-concept in which they re-occupy the important or valued aspects of themselves. This study supports using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy because of its functional contextual view of people and their actions. This study illustrates that coping strategies are used in different ways depending on the primary goal within that context. Occupations, or active; purposeful; meaningful; contextualised and human activities, are used by people to make sense of their situation, and as a key motivation for developing coping strategies. These findings lead to new research questions about values-aligned activity, coping with identity change, and acceptance.

Hegemonic Masculinity informs every aspect of a man’s life regardless of whether they conform to the standards or reject them. Although masculinity informs occupational roles, it can also be seen as an occupation in its own right. Illnesses and injuries can challenge masculine status and result in loss of identity, as well as changing men’s abilities, transforming their occupational roles and providing a challenge to their self-perception of masculinity. There are significant gaps in the literature; particularly regarding the impact health status has on masculine perceptions within a New Zealand context and the idea of masculinity as an occupation. This study goes someway to address these gaps. A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed to understand and describe the stories of 12 men living with the ongoing effects of illness or injury. A general inductive approach to content analysis was undertaken to identify the key themes. The study’s findings show illness and injury and the subsequent changes in occupational roles had a significant impact on participants’ masculine perceptions. Study participants experienced loss in many areas of their lives and described being occupied in recreating and renegotiating their masculinity in varying areas such as work, personal relationships and social activities. Further research, conducted within a New Zealand context, will be invaluable in validating the current findings in this area. The application of this knowledge is an area requiring extensive exploration and research. There is significant scope for healthcare professionals to gain understanding of men’s relationship to, and their self-perceptions of, masculinity and to utilise and incorporate these findings into therapeutic settings, therefore gaining more valuable outcomes for their clients.

This study used relational personality theory to explore gender differences in Holland typology. The primary premise of relational personality theory is that women have a self identity that is developed and maintained in relation to others. This orientation to relationship or Connected Self is a primary component of identity that will lead to decisions and actions that reflect the valuing of relationships. This is in opposition to a Separate Self orientation that is primarily centered in independence, separation, and autonomy. The Connected Self was hypothesized to effect women's career interests as measured by the Self-Directed Search (SDS). The strongest relationship was found between Connected Self and scores on the Social scale of the SDS. Connected Self was found to be a significant predictor variable for women's scores on the Social scale. Connected Self also predicted scores on the Artistic scale, although to a lesser degree. In addition, Separate Self was a significant predictor of scores on the Enterprising and Conventional scales of the SDS.In order to further explore the relationship between Connected Self and women's scores on the Social scale, the subjects scoring highest in Social were further divided into groups based on interests in working with peers versus clients and on ability to care for self and others or to put others needs before one's own. Counseling implications for women who score highest on the Social scale are offered. In addition, further research is suggested. / Department of Educational Psychology

For many years, researchers have investigated issues of career choice and job satisfaction. One of the earliest and most durable theories of vocational psychology holds that an individual's personality predisposes him or her to be better suited to some occupations than others. According to trait factor theory, if people are matched with the "right" occupations, high levels of satisfaction and performance can be expected.This study examined the personality characteristics in a national sample of 105 career paramedics and investigated the relationship between paramedics' personality type and satisfaction with the work environment. Career paramedics are defused as individuals who earn the majority of their income through the provision of advanced prehospital emergency health care. Four major findings were obtained. First, a chi square analysis showed that the frequency and distribution of personality types of paramedics differs from that of the general population. Second, it appears that many paramedics show a distinct clustering of personality traits. The-, have a strong sense of responsibility; prefer concrete, immediate, factual data; enjoy creating order out of chaos; and are able to work with efficiency and precision in high-pressure situations. Third, analyses of variance indicated significant differences between responses of medics at different sites. This suggests that management differences account for variance in scores on the work satisfaction measure, since work tasks are similar at each location. Fourth, limited evidence was found to support the link between personality type and scores on the work satisfactionmeasure. Results are discussed in relation to the implications for employers and psychologists. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This study determines the impact of ESTA on estate planning. The researcher indicates the extent to which ESTA alters the traditional property concept and analyses the practical implications of ESTA on estate planning. It appears, from the research that the traditional property concept has developed to include rights in property which are inferior to traditional ownership. The land reform process creates new rights which are afforded constitutional protection. These new rights create tension between land owners' perception of what their ownership entails, and the reality. The writer attempts to indicate that estate planning may minimize the possible disadvantages of ESTA. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

This thesis examines the processes of production, consumption and representation of the old city of Hebron, West Bank, Palestine as an ‘other space’ or heterotopia, that is, as a space that deviates from normality and is tainted by contradictions, shifting meanings and notions of “otherness”. I argue that there are several representations of space present in these processes as different actors and agents relate to, make use of and accumulate different kinds of capital from the old city. Previous studies on Palestine often focus on occupation and resistance but fail to problematize the ways in which these concepts are classed, gendered, localized, globalized and involved in several interrelating systems of meaning. Having done fieldwork with Palestinian and international NGOs, volunteers, activists, tourists guides and tourists I now aim to relate their representations of the old city to that of old city residents and discuss how space and power might be understood in a process of capitalizing from an occupied zone and the emplacement of a ‘deviant’ population within it. I suggest that to better understand the everyday life of occupation we have to deconstruct romanticized notions of Palestinian and Hebronite resistance and occupation and trace the ways these concepts are socially and spatially (re)created.

This study explored the demographics, environmental tendencies, and significant life experiences of 91 Sustainability Coordinators employed by municipalities across Canada. The intent of this research was to find a common set of activities that may have motivated these individuals, and may motivate others, to take on roles and practical challenges in the realm of sustainability. A mixed methods approach was conducted which was inclusive of a literature review, an online survey (which acquired demographic info, three environmentally themed psychological scales, and an open ended question of autobiographical recollections), and statistical analysis. The results paralleled findings of other researchers on similar environmental groups, where gender was the predominant predictor of environmental tendency and that various experiences in natural areas are what these individuals attribute these pro-environmental tendencies to. This research will add to the minimal literature available on this emerging and undocumented occupation.