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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Men's self-perceptions of masculinity in response to acquired illness or injury and subsequent changes in occupational roles.

Ritchie, Donna Michelle January 2014 (has links)
Hegemonic Masculinity informs every aspect of a man’s life regardless of whether they conform to the standards or reject them. Although masculinity informs occupational roles, it can also be seen as an occupation in its own right. Illnesses and injuries can challenge masculine status and result in loss of identity, as well as changing men’s abilities, transforming their occupational roles and providing a challenge to their self-perception of masculinity. There are significant gaps in the literature; particularly regarding the impact health status has on masculine perceptions within a New Zealand context and the idea of masculinity as an occupation. This study goes someway to address these gaps. A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed to understand and describe the stories of 12 men living with the ongoing effects of illness or injury. A general inductive approach to content analysis was undertaken to identify the key themes. The study’s findings show illness and injury and the subsequent changes in occupational roles had a significant impact on participants’ masculine perceptions. Study participants experienced loss in many areas of their lives and described being occupied in recreating and renegotiating their masculinity in varying areas such as work, personal relationships and social activities. Further research, conducted within a New Zealand context, will be invaluable in validating the current findings in this area. The application of this knowledge is an area requiring extensive exploration and research. There is significant scope for healthcare professionals to gain understanding of men’s relationship to, and their self-perceptions of, masculinity and to utilise and incorporate these findings into therapeutic settings, therefore gaining more valuable outcomes for their clients.
2

A influência dos papéis ocupacionais na qualidade de vida de pacientes com esquizofrenia / The influence of occupational roles in schizophrenic patients\' quality of life

Silva, Tatiane Grigolatto de Paiva 22 July 2011 (has links)
Introdução: Os transtornos esquizofrênicos comprometem as esferas do funcionamento social, afetivo e produtivo. Em decorrência do período da vida em que se manifesta, pode influenciar diretamente na aquisição dos papéis ocupacionais e qualidade de vida. Os papéis ocupacionais são funções e práticas que os indivíduos vão adquirindo ao longo da vida, se relacionam com as fases/anseios e sofrem influência do ambiente e das expectativas sociais. Objetivo: Identificar os papéis ocupacionais e a relação destes com a qualidade de vida em uma amostra de 45 pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia. Método: Participaram deste estudo 45 pacientes com esquizofrenia de acordo com o critério do DSM-IV, com idade média de 29,4 anos (DP= 8,9), sendo 77,8% do sexo masculino e 45 familiares/responsáveis. Foram utilizados: a) Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais, cujo propósito é identificar a percepção do indivíduo em sua participação nos principais papéis ocupacionais ao longo da vida (Parte I), bem como o grau de importância que atribui a cada um destes papéis (Parte II); b) Inventário de Habilidades de Vida Independente (ILSS-BR), utilizado para avaliar o grau de habilidades de pacientes psiquiátricos; c) Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida de Pacientes com Esquizofrenia (QLS-BR), que acessa informações sobre sintomas e nível geral de funcionamento; d) Escala Calgary de Depressão para Esquizofrenia (ECDE), que quantifica o nível de depressão em esquizofrenia; e) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), que avalia características clínicas do transtorno. Para análise estatística dos dados, adotou-se como critério valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: Todos os domínios de qualidade de vida (QV), inclusive o global, apresentaram escores compatíveis com QV baixa ou muito baixa. Observou-se correlação positiva entre as escalas ILSS, ECDE, BPRS e os dados sóciodemográficos quanto à ocupação atual e grau de autonomia (Fisher\'s exact = 0,048). Adicionalmente, foi verificada correlação positiva entre papéis ocupacionais e a QV. Discussão: A Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais atendeu aos objetivos deste estudo. Este trabalho poderá propiciar subsídios para futuras intervenções em pacientes com esquizofrenia, além de enfatizar a importância de mais pesquisas sobre instrumentos de Terapia Ocupacional aplicáveis na saúde mental. / Introduction: Schizophrenic disorders affect social, affective, and professional functioning. According to the period of life in which onset occurs, the disorder may directly affect the acquisition of occupational roles and quality of life (QOL). Occupational roles refer to functions and practices that individuals take on throughout life, are related to life phases and expectations, and suffer the influence of environmental and social demands. Objective: To identify occupational roles and their relationship with QOL in a sample of schizophrenia patients. Method: Forty-five patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled, as well as 45 relatives/guardians. The mean age of the patients sample was 29.4 years (SD = 8.9) and 77.8% were male. Assessment instruments used included the (a) Role Checklist, designed to identify ones perception concerning the participation in major occupational roles throughout life (Part I) and the importance attributed to each of these roles (Part II); (b) Independent Living Skills Survey Brazilian version (ILSS-BR), used to assess living skills in psychiatric patients; (c) Quality of Life Scale (QLS-BR), which measures symptoms and general functioning; (d) Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), that quantifies depression symptoms in schizophrenia; and the (e) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), used to assess the clinical characteristics of psychiatric disorders. The level of statistical significance for all analyses performed was p < 0.05. Results: All QOL domains, including global QOL, had scores compatible with low or very low status. Positive correlations were found among the ILSS, CDSS, BPRS and demographics in relation to current occupation and autonomy (Fishers exact = 0.048). In addition, a positive correlation was found between occupational roles and QOL. Discussion: The Role Checklist proved adequate for the purpose of this study. The findings presented may provide support for future interventions with schizophrenia patients, besides highlighting the importance of further research on Occupational Therapy instruments to be used in mental health settings.
3

Enfrentamento, papéis ocupacionais e a tarefa de cuidar de um idoso dependente / Coping, Occupational roles and task of caring for an elderly dependent.

Dahdah, Daniel Ferreira 17 August 2012 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento não está diretamente relacionado a doenças e incapacidades, porém, as doenças dos idosos, em geral, são crônicas e múltiplas e exigem cuidados permanentes, o que faz do domicílio um lugar em que estes podem manter a estabilidade. Esse cuidado é geralmente oferecido por um membro da família, o cuidador primário. Este apresenta um acúmulo de trabalho em casa e uma sobrecarga nos diversos domínios da vida. Tal sobrecarga interfere nos papéis ocupacionais desempenhados de forma a contribuir para um desequilíbrio na vida produtiva e independente do cuidador. Além disso, o cuidado é visto como uma tarefa geradora de estresse e o seu enfrentamento se dá de formas diferentes para cada sujeito que o experimenta. Nesse sentido, a avaliação subjetiva deve também investigar a percepção de benefícios e ônus na tarefa de cuidar. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar um grupo de cuidadores de idosos dependentes quanto a indicadores sócio-demográficos e econômicos, estratégias de enfrentamento, percepção de benefícios e ônus em relação à tarefa de cuidar e possíveis alterações nos papéis ocupacionais. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo e com delineamento transversal. Foram aplicados seis instrumentos para a coleta de dados, que foi realizada em dois hospitais de Ribeirão Preto. A amostra foi composta por 20 cuidadores. Respeitaram-se todos os critérios éticos para pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. RESULTADOS: 80% dos idosos tinham dependência total da cuidadora para as atividades básicas de vida diária. 100% das cuidadoras eram mulheres de meia idade, na sua maioria com baixa escolaridade, baixa renda e com religião definida. 75% eram filhas do idoso. 95% moravam junto ao idoso e 80% delas estavam cuidando a mais de um ano, despendendo, em 65% dos casos, mais de doze horas diárias para essa tarefa. 70% delas recebiam algum tipo de ajuda, em geral pequena e de pessoas da própria família. Em relação às estratégias de enfrentamento, as cuidadoras adotam as focalizadas no problema (M= 4,05). Na percepção de benefícios e ônus, domínio psicológico positivo (78%) foi o mais freqüente. O domínio social negativo (59%) é o segundo mais citado, seguido do domínio físico negativo (58%). Houve perdas no desempenho de papéis ocupacionais quando comparados o passado e o presente e houve um desejo em retomar ou desempenhar um novo papel no futuro, com exceção de dois papéis vinculados ao cuidado. CONCLUSÕES: Os objetivos propostos para o estudo foram alcançados, porém há necessidade de estudos visando analisar as relações existentes entre as variáveis abordadas. / INTRODUCTION: Aging is not completely related to diseases and handicaps, however when disease happens it is a chronic condition that demands care. In this case home is where elderly can maintain health stability. Often care is given by a family member, the primary care. Much has been produced about the burden of care, because the person who cares for an aged relative besides this has other tasks to be accomplished. This burden interferes on occupational roles performed by the person who cares. Care can lead to stress and in this case coping is personal and idiosyncratic. Research has shown that it is necessary to evaluate the perception of benefits and demands of care besides considering it as burden. OBJECTIVE: To approach a sample of persons that care for dependent elderly regarding sociodemographic characteristics, coping strategies, perception of benefits and burden and occupational roles. METHOD: It is a descriptive, quantitative and transversal study. Six instruments were answered by users of two different hospitals in Ribeirão Preto with a sample of 20 subjects. All ethical requirements were achieved. RESULTS: 80% of the elderly were completely dependent on the person who cared for them. 100% of the persons who care were women, middle aged, with low level of education, low income and had a declared religion affiliation. 75% were daughters and 95% lived in the same house. 80% have been caring for more than one year and spent more than twelve hours a day on this activity. 70% have got help from other family members. Most of the women used coping strategy focused on problem solution (M= 4,05). They perceived benefits regarding care on positive psychological dominion (78%), social negative dominion (59%) and physical negative dominion (58%). Losses regarding occupational roles were identifed and the wish to recover or to perform other roles in the future, except two roles related to care. CONCLUSIONS: The aims of the study were reached, however other studies are required to reach the relations between the variables approached.
4

A influência dos papéis ocupacionais na qualidade de vida de pacientes com esquizofrenia / The influence of occupational roles in schizophrenic patients\' quality of life

Tatiane Grigolatto de Paiva Silva 22 July 2011 (has links)
Introdução: Os transtornos esquizofrênicos comprometem as esferas do funcionamento social, afetivo e produtivo. Em decorrência do período da vida em que se manifesta, pode influenciar diretamente na aquisição dos papéis ocupacionais e qualidade de vida. Os papéis ocupacionais são funções e práticas que os indivíduos vão adquirindo ao longo da vida, se relacionam com as fases/anseios e sofrem influência do ambiente e das expectativas sociais. Objetivo: Identificar os papéis ocupacionais e a relação destes com a qualidade de vida em uma amostra de 45 pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia. Método: Participaram deste estudo 45 pacientes com esquizofrenia de acordo com o critério do DSM-IV, com idade média de 29,4 anos (DP= 8,9), sendo 77,8% do sexo masculino e 45 familiares/responsáveis. Foram utilizados: a) Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais, cujo propósito é identificar a percepção do indivíduo em sua participação nos principais papéis ocupacionais ao longo da vida (Parte I), bem como o grau de importância que atribui a cada um destes papéis (Parte II); b) Inventário de Habilidades de Vida Independente (ILSS-BR), utilizado para avaliar o grau de habilidades de pacientes psiquiátricos; c) Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida de Pacientes com Esquizofrenia (QLS-BR), que acessa informações sobre sintomas e nível geral de funcionamento; d) Escala Calgary de Depressão para Esquizofrenia (ECDE), que quantifica o nível de depressão em esquizofrenia; e) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), que avalia características clínicas do transtorno. Para análise estatística dos dados, adotou-se como critério valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: Todos os domínios de qualidade de vida (QV), inclusive o global, apresentaram escores compatíveis com QV baixa ou muito baixa. Observou-se correlação positiva entre as escalas ILSS, ECDE, BPRS e os dados sóciodemográficos quanto à ocupação atual e grau de autonomia (Fisher\'s exact = 0,048). Adicionalmente, foi verificada correlação positiva entre papéis ocupacionais e a QV. Discussão: A Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais atendeu aos objetivos deste estudo. Este trabalho poderá propiciar subsídios para futuras intervenções em pacientes com esquizofrenia, além de enfatizar a importância de mais pesquisas sobre instrumentos de Terapia Ocupacional aplicáveis na saúde mental. / Introduction: Schizophrenic disorders affect social, affective, and professional functioning. According to the period of life in which onset occurs, the disorder may directly affect the acquisition of occupational roles and quality of life (QOL). Occupational roles refer to functions and practices that individuals take on throughout life, are related to life phases and expectations, and suffer the influence of environmental and social demands. Objective: To identify occupational roles and their relationship with QOL in a sample of schizophrenia patients. Method: Forty-five patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled, as well as 45 relatives/guardians. The mean age of the patients sample was 29.4 years (SD = 8.9) and 77.8% were male. Assessment instruments used included the (a) Role Checklist, designed to identify ones perception concerning the participation in major occupational roles throughout life (Part I) and the importance attributed to each of these roles (Part II); (b) Independent Living Skills Survey Brazilian version (ILSS-BR), used to assess living skills in psychiatric patients; (c) Quality of Life Scale (QLS-BR), which measures symptoms and general functioning; (d) Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), that quantifies depression symptoms in schizophrenia; and the (e) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), used to assess the clinical characteristics of psychiatric disorders. The level of statistical significance for all analyses performed was p < 0.05. Results: All QOL domains, including global QOL, had scores compatible with low or very low status. Positive correlations were found among the ILSS, CDSS, BPRS and demographics in relation to current occupation and autonomy (Fishers exact = 0.048). In addition, a positive correlation was found between occupational roles and QOL. Discussion: The Role Checklist proved adequate for the purpose of this study. The findings presented may provide support for future interventions with schizophrenia patients, besides highlighting the importance of further research on Occupational Therapy instruments to be used in mental health settings.
5

Enfrentamento, papéis ocupacionais e a tarefa de cuidar de um idoso dependente / Coping, Occupational roles and task of caring for an elderly dependent.

Daniel Ferreira Dahdah 17 August 2012 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento não está diretamente relacionado a doenças e incapacidades, porém, as doenças dos idosos, em geral, são crônicas e múltiplas e exigem cuidados permanentes, o que faz do domicílio um lugar em que estes podem manter a estabilidade. Esse cuidado é geralmente oferecido por um membro da família, o cuidador primário. Este apresenta um acúmulo de trabalho em casa e uma sobrecarga nos diversos domínios da vida. Tal sobrecarga interfere nos papéis ocupacionais desempenhados de forma a contribuir para um desequilíbrio na vida produtiva e independente do cuidador. Além disso, o cuidado é visto como uma tarefa geradora de estresse e o seu enfrentamento se dá de formas diferentes para cada sujeito que o experimenta. Nesse sentido, a avaliação subjetiva deve também investigar a percepção de benefícios e ônus na tarefa de cuidar. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar um grupo de cuidadores de idosos dependentes quanto a indicadores sócio-demográficos e econômicos, estratégias de enfrentamento, percepção de benefícios e ônus em relação à tarefa de cuidar e possíveis alterações nos papéis ocupacionais. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo e com delineamento transversal. Foram aplicados seis instrumentos para a coleta de dados, que foi realizada em dois hospitais de Ribeirão Preto. A amostra foi composta por 20 cuidadores. Respeitaram-se todos os critérios éticos para pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. RESULTADOS: 80% dos idosos tinham dependência total da cuidadora para as atividades básicas de vida diária. 100% das cuidadoras eram mulheres de meia idade, na sua maioria com baixa escolaridade, baixa renda e com religião definida. 75% eram filhas do idoso. 95% moravam junto ao idoso e 80% delas estavam cuidando a mais de um ano, despendendo, em 65% dos casos, mais de doze horas diárias para essa tarefa. 70% delas recebiam algum tipo de ajuda, em geral pequena e de pessoas da própria família. Em relação às estratégias de enfrentamento, as cuidadoras adotam as focalizadas no problema (M= 4,05). Na percepção de benefícios e ônus, domínio psicológico positivo (78%) foi o mais freqüente. O domínio social negativo (59%) é o segundo mais citado, seguido do domínio físico negativo (58%). Houve perdas no desempenho de papéis ocupacionais quando comparados o passado e o presente e houve um desejo em retomar ou desempenhar um novo papel no futuro, com exceção de dois papéis vinculados ao cuidado. CONCLUSÕES: Os objetivos propostos para o estudo foram alcançados, porém há necessidade de estudos visando analisar as relações existentes entre as variáveis abordadas. / INTRODUCTION: Aging is not completely related to diseases and handicaps, however when disease happens it is a chronic condition that demands care. In this case home is where elderly can maintain health stability. Often care is given by a family member, the primary care. Much has been produced about the burden of care, because the person who cares for an aged relative besides this has other tasks to be accomplished. This burden interferes on occupational roles performed by the person who cares. Care can lead to stress and in this case coping is personal and idiosyncratic. Research has shown that it is necessary to evaluate the perception of benefits and demands of care besides considering it as burden. OBJECTIVE: To approach a sample of persons that care for dependent elderly regarding sociodemographic characteristics, coping strategies, perception of benefits and burden and occupational roles. METHOD: It is a descriptive, quantitative and transversal study. Six instruments were answered by users of two different hospitals in Ribeirão Preto with a sample of 20 subjects. All ethical requirements were achieved. RESULTS: 80% of the elderly were completely dependent on the person who cared for them. 100% of the persons who care were women, middle aged, with low level of education, low income and had a declared religion affiliation. 75% were daughters and 95% lived in the same house. 80% have been caring for more than one year and spent more than twelve hours a day on this activity. 70% have got help from other family members. Most of the women used coping strategy focused on problem solution (M= 4,05). They perceived benefits regarding care on positive psychological dominion (78%), social negative dominion (59%) and physical negative dominion (58%). Losses regarding occupational roles were identifed and the wish to recover or to perform other roles in the future, except two roles related to care. CONCLUSIONS: The aims of the study were reached, however other studies are required to reach the relations between the variables approached.
6

臺北市幼兒園家長對男性幼教師在幼兒園任職角色接受度之調查研究 / The study of investigation of the acceptance of male teachers’ occupational roles in kindergarten. A case study of parents of kids in kindergarten.

周麗珍, Chou, Li Chen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討臺北市幼兒園家長對男性幼教師專業素養的認同度及在幼兒園任職角色的接受度。本研究採問卷調查法,問卷調查樣本以臺北市十二行政區共十五所幼兒園,含國小附設幼兒園、市立幼兒園、公辦民營幼兒園及私立幼兒園。共計抽取450位幼兒園家長,樣本回收418份,回收率為92.88%;樣本可用405份,可用率90%。研究工具包含自編之「臺北市幼兒園家長對男性幼教師專業素養與任職角色之調查研究」。本研究統計方法包含描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析。研究結果顯示家長教育程度與子女就讀幼兒園所在行政區及園所類型在家長對男性幼教師專業素養認同度、任職角色接受度及在自己子女就讀之幼兒園任職角色接受度等構面有顯著影響;子女就讀之幼兒園內是否有男性幼教師任職,會影響家長對男性幼教師在幼兒園任職的接受度。由研究結果得知,男性幼教師的專業能力是得到肯定的,但仍必須仰賴實際的接觸經驗與相關資訊的透明化,因此男性幼教師需要政府的相關協助包括獎助學金與保障就業等,方能有投入幼教環境的動機,幼兒園主管機關則必須藉由教學分享平台、教學觀摩與親師溝通平台等方式讓男性幼教師能與女性幼教師及家長密切交流,減低家長對男性幼教師的疑慮並增進對男性幼教師的肯定。本研究係以台北市為研究範圍,且僅以問卷調查評估男性幼教師的專業接受度,建議未來研究可將範圍擴大,及可採取質性訪談方式,以訪談或者開放性問卷等方式取得資料,並將研究對象擴及幼兒園管理階層與女性幼教師等層次。 / The study aims to explore the identity of male kindergartens teachers professionalism and their occupational roles in respect to their acceptance by the parents of kids. This study conducts questionnaire solicitation from fifteen kindergartens in twelve districts in Taipei City. 418 sampling questionnaires were collected from a total of selective 450 parents of kindergarten kids. Among those samples 405 are used for this research study. The feedback rate is 92.88% and the available rate is 90%. The fundamental research tools include "The Survey of Professionalism and Occupational Role on Male Kindergarten Teachers by Parents of Preschool Kids in Taipei", which was originated by author. The adopted statistic methods are descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations and multi-step regressions. The conclusion of study can be summarized as follows. The education degree of parents, the districts where kids studied and the pattern of kindergarten affect significantly in recognition of professionalism on male kindergarten teachers, acceptance of occupational role and acceptance of occupational role in the kindergartens kids studied. Besides, the male teachers are in kindergarten or not affected the acceptance of occupational role in kindergarten kids studied in. According to the results, the abilities of male teachers is approved. But the acceptance is still restricted by the experiences of parents and the information they received. Thus, the government can offer guarantee, awards and subsidy to promote male teachers; institutions of preschool teacher education and kindergartens management can create teaching platform and communication platforms, host teaching observation to promote the interaction between parents, male and female teachers. Due to the sample region restricted in Taipei, the researchers can increase the regions and choose Stratified random sampling. Besides, because other professional domains in male kindergarten teachers and the view of male teachers in female teachers are not the content in the research, they can be added in the framework in the future. The future researcher can adopt qualitative research method and increase open questionnaires for parents, and collect dynamic data. Finally, the management in kindergartens, female teachers and male teachers can be added to the object of study.
7

Qualidade de vida, desempenho de papéis ocupacionais e uso do tempo na percepção de indivíduos obesos pré e pós-cirurgia bariátrica

Zaiden, Marina Pereira 28 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6239.pdf: 1638797 bytes, checksum: 18b4f080ebc5f8036bc0a1d70d4db2fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Introduction: Obesity is a matter of universal concern and its prevalence is increasing at epidemic levels worldwide. It is considered a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. In the present study, the individuals surveyed were obese grade III, due to excess weight, have a negative impact on the quality and life expectancy, for failing to lose weight through less invasive treatments. Through this context, it can be observed that increasing indications of bariatric surgery because of the need for more effective intervention in the clinical management of grade III obese patients, aiming these way positive predictions regarding the condition of life of the individual occurs. In this study, it is also observed, the performance of occupational roles and the degree of importance given to each of them and the use of time devoted to activities that constitute the routine of individuals. Objective: The study had as main objective, to evaluate and compare the quality of life, the performance of occupational roles and the time spent performing routine activities of individuals with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Methodology: This was a crosssectional study with a cross -section type quantitative approach, performed at the Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, with the participation of 80 subjects divided into 4 groups of 20 patients each: pre-surgical group after group surgical 3 months, 6 months post -surgical and post surgical group 12 months. The following instruments were used: Role Checklist, Clock Activities and WHOQOL BREF quality of life questionnaire. Results: In relation to quality of life, it was found that the postoperative group showed higher than preoperatively in all these domains (Physical, Psychological, Social, Environmental), it was found that all differences were significant and that areas correlated with each other. The results of the Role Checklist, pointed out that in the past the role more marked by pre student, worker and hobby group were, at present, the role of domestic service, family and religious excelled, and in the future, the most important up the roles of hobby, student and volunteer. The post operative group in the past the roles of student, volunteer, work and domestic service were the most evident , at present, more marked papers by this group were domestic service, family and friends , and in the future, it was observed that roles were more prominent, volunteer, student and worker. Regarding the degree of importance it was found that individuals in the postoperative group tended to give much importance to all papers studied, while those of the pre group tended to give any importance to the role organizations. The results regarding the time spent on work, activities with family and personal activities during the week and weekend, pointed out that, although similar, the means of the postoperative group were higher than the preoperative in all variables. Conclusion: The study provided a glimpse of the context of everyday life for individuals in a state of morbid obesity and postoperative, observing all the similarities and differences involved in these periods. Denotes the complexity of the issues involved and the relevance of knowledge about occupational career, the impact of quality of life and natural or simultaneous division of time in relation to different moments in the lives of individuals. Further studies are suggested to the theoretical and empirical depth, aiming at monitoring trends and trajectories of morbid obesity. / Introdução: A obesidade é um assunto de interesse universal e sua prevalência vem aumentando em níveis de epidemia no mundo inteiro. É considerada uma doença crônica, multifatorial, caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo no organismo. No presente estudo, os indivíduos pesquisados foram obesos grau III, que devido ao excesso de peso, apresentam impacto negativo da qualidade e expectativa de vida, por não conseguirem perder peso através de tratamentos menos invasivos. Através desse contexto, pode-se observar que ocorre o aumento das indicações das cirurgias bariátricas devido à necessidade de uma intervenção mais eficaz na condução clínica de obesos grau III, objetivando dessa maneira prognósticos positivos em relação à condição de vida do indivíduo. Nesse estudo, observa-se também o desempenho dos papéis ocupacionais e o grau de importância dado a cada um deles e o uso do tempo dedicado a atividades que permeiam a rotina dos indivíduos. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo geral, avaliar e comparar a qualidade de vida, o desempenho dos papéis ocupacionais e o tempo dedicado à realização de atividades rotineiras, de indivíduos com obesidade, antes e após a realização da cirurgia bariátrica. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, tipo cross-section, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, com a participação de 80 sujeitos, divididos em 2 grandes grupos: grupo pré operatório e grupo pós operatório (pós 3 meses, pós 6 meses e pós 12 meses). Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de qualidade de vida WHOqolbref ; Lista de Identificação dos Papéis Ocupacionais e Relógio de Atividades. Resultados: Em relação à qualidade de vida, verificou-se que o grupo pós-operatório apresentou média superior ao préoperatório em todos os domínios avaliados (Físico, Psicológico, Social, Ambiental, Total), sendo que todas as diferenças observadas foram significativas e que os domínios correlacionaram-se entre si. Os resultados da Lista de Identificação dos Papéis Ocupacionais apontaram que, em relação ao passado, os papéis mais marcados pelo grupo pré operatório foram: estudante, trabalhador e passatempo; no presente, os papéis de serviço doméstico, família e religioso se sobressaíram; e no futuro, destacaram-se os papéis de passatempo, estudante e voluntário. Já no grupo pós- operatório, no tempo passado, os papéis de estudante, voluntário, trabalhador e serviço doméstico foram os mais evidenciados; no presente, os papéis mais marcados por esse grupo foram serviço doméstico, família e amigo; e no futuro, observouse que os papéis de maior destaque foram de voluntário, estudante e trabalhador. Em relação ao grau de importância, verificou-se que os indivíduos do grupo pós- operatório tenderam a dar muita importância para todos os papéis estudados, enquanto os indivíduos do grupo pré tenderam a dar nenhuma importância para o papel organizações. A análise dos resultados quanto ao tempo gasto com trabalho, atividades com a família e atividades pessoais durante a semana e final de semana, apontou que, apesar de próximas, as médias do grupo pós-operatório foram superiores ao pré-operatório em todas as variáveis analisadas. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu vislumbrar o contexto do cotidiano de indivíduos em situação de obesidade grau III nos momentos pré e pós- operatórios, observando- se todas as similaridades e diferenças envolvidas nesses períodos. Denota-se a complexidade dos temas envolvidos e a relevância de conhecimento da carreira ocupacional, do impacto da qualidade de vida e a divisão singular ou simultânea do tempo em relação a momentos distintos na vida desses indivíduos. Outros estudos são sugeridos para o aprofundamento teórico e empírico, visando o acompanhamento de tendências e trajetórias da obesidade grau III.
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Den specialpedagogiska personalens arbete med stödinsatser för nyanlända elever – yrkesroll, arbetsuppgifter och utveckling av skolans lärmiljöer

Johansson, Anna January 2022 (has links)
The overall aim of this licentiate thesis is to increase knowledge of the special educators’ professional role and work in relation to special educational support for recently arrived immigrant pupils. The need for the study is motivated by the immigrant pupils’ low achievement of goals and schools responsibility to adapt education to each pupil’s needs in a school for all. The first study examines special educators’ role and work in relation to special educational support for recently arrived immigrant pupils and the professional group's view of the reasons for special educational support for these pupils. The results are based on responses in a questionnaire directed to 483 special educators. The results show that the special educators state that the reasons why recently arrived immigrant pupils are in need of special educational support are that the knowledge requirements are too difficult for the pupils to achieve or that the pupils have individual shortcomings. The occupational group's tasks consist of administrative work and the development of learning environments. According to the special educators, most often class and subject teachers and mother tongue tutors provide special educational support. The special educators collaborate to the greatest extent with class and subject teachers and with the pupils, while they want more collaboration with mother tongue tutors. The results of the study are interpreted and discussed based on Abbott's theory (1988) reasoning about professional groups’ claims of jurisdiction, Persson's (1998) categorical and relational perspectives and Hughes' (1958) concept of dirty work. In the second study, free text answers (n = 451) from the questionnaire are examined, where the special educators describe how they and their schools have developed learning environments for recently arrived immigrant pupils in need of special educational support. The free text answers are analyzed using a qualitative content analysis (Hsieh &amp; Shannon, 2005). This analysis is then theorized based on Skrtics´ (1991; 2005) concepts of the school system to interpret obstacles and opportunities in the development of the learning environments. The results show that the development have mainly taken place through general adaptations (one size fits all solutions), language-adapted solutions and special solutions. The analysis based on Skrtics’ concepts shows how the machine and professional bureaucracy can act as an obstacle to the development of learning environments for recently arrived immigrant pupils in need of special educational support. The thesis helps to bring together the results from the two studies. A developed contextualization is made, and the results from the two studies are discussed in relation to previous research and theoretical points of departure. Abbott's (1988) reasoning on claims of jurisdiction and Skrtics’ conceptions of the school system (1991; 2005) are combined to get a deeper understanding of the deadlocks that may exist in the bureaucratic system.
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Tar AI över filmindustrin? : En kvalitativ studie om etiska och sociala konsekvenser av AI-teknikens roll inom branschen / Is AI Taking Over the Film Industry? : A Qualitative Study on the Ethical and Social Consequences of AI Technology's Role Within the Industry

Ström-Olsen, Linnea, Shaykhutdinova, Afina January 2024 (has links)
Artificiell intelligens har blivit en allt större del av samhället där arbetsplatser måste anpassa sig i takt med den tekniska utvecklingen. En bransch som börjat implementera AI alltmer i arbetsprocesser är filmbranschen. Syftet med studien är att utforska hur AI har påverkat filmindustrin, identifiera förändrade dynamiker samt utforska hur aktörer ser på utvecklingen av AI och de etiska och sociala dilemman som kan komma med denna teknik. En kvalitativ metod har använts och sju kvalitativa intervjuer hos diverse filmproduktionsbolag har genomförts vid insamling av data. Resultatet visar att samtliga respondenter använder AI i arbetsprocesser vilket förbättrar effektiviteten och ökar de kreativa möjligheterna. Yrkesroller har delvis redan ersatts av AI och fler förväntas ersättas i framtiden samtidigt som nya roller förväntas uppstå. Ekonomin har än inte påverkats men tillförlitligheten samt frågan kring upphovsrätt av AI-genererat material har diskuterats. Brister i etnisk mångfald vid användning av AI har även påvisats. Slutsatsen går i hand med resultatet i form av att AI bidrar till fler möjligheter men framhäver även viss problematik kring avsaknaden av verkställda lagar av AI-genererat innehåll. / Artificial Intelligence has become an increasingly significant part of society, and workplaces must adapt alongside technological developments. One industry that has begun to implement AI more extensively in its processes is the film industry. This study aims to explore how AI has impacted the film industry, identify changed dynamics, and examine how stakeholders view the development of AI and the ethical and social dilemmas that may arise from the technology. The study implemented a qualitative method and conducted seven qualitative interviews at various film production companies for data collection. The results show that all respondents use AI in their work processes, which improves efficiency and increases creative opportunities. Occupational roles have partly been replaced by AI already and more are expected to be replaced in the future, while new roles are also expected to emerge. The economy has yet to feel the impact, but discussions have been made regarding reliability and the issue of copyright for AI-generated material. Deficiencies in ethnic diversity in the use of AI have also been established. The conclusions align with the results, indicating that AI brings more opportunities but also highlights challenges due to the absence of established laws regarding AI-generated material.

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