Ph.D. / Most people‘s future aspiration and dreams are closely linked to the work activities that they engage in on a daily basis. Work is a central theme in human evolution and plays a key role in the social and economic spheres of human existence (Blustein, 2006; Donkin, 2001; Fouad & Bynner, 2008). However, the vocational landscape has undergone prolific changes in recent times and the way in which work is organised and performed has changed dramatically from preceding eras (Chipunza & Berry, 2010). These changes have contributed to the production of highly stressful and pressured working conditions that adversely impact employees‘ overall wellness (Blouin, Chopra, & Van der Hoeven, 2009; Marmot, Siegrist, & Theorell, 2006). Organisational responses to employee stress have historically been embedded in the pathogenic paradigm, which aims to minimise the direct financial cost of distressed and vulnerable employees through providing some form of prevention-based employee therapy (Wright, 2003). However, as organisations become increasingly dependent on employees who are willing to conduct multiple in-role and extra-role work activities they are shifting their focus towards the total wellbeing of their workers. Clearly, key organisational goals will not be achieved with a workforce that is simply healthy in the traditional sense of the word, implying that employees are symptom-free and do not suffer from physical illness (Ulrich, 1997). Instead, organisational goals will most likely only be achieved through the promotion of workforce wellness, which refers to not only counteracting the adverse impact of highly demanding work environments on employee health but also promoting engagement and flourishing at work. Research on occupational wellness has a rich tradition of describing and measuring the ways in which job characteristics external to the person (e.g. job design, technology, and organisational structure) impact on employees‘ well-being (Briner, Harris, & Daniels, 2004; Mark & Smith, 2010). Although occupational wellness has largely been associated with organisational and environmental factors recent research suggests that perceptions of work wellness are equally influenced by employees‘ individual cognitive-affective tendencies (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007; Bakker & Derks, 2009). Work wellness can therefore be viewed as a function of the dynamic interaction between job characteristics and personal attributes, with personality potentially moderating the relationship between stressor and strain outcomes (Swider & Zimmerman, 2010; Van den Heuvel, Demerouti, Bakker, & Schaufeli, 2010).

Depuis 2007, une nouvelle génération de radar satellitaires imageurs plus performants permet de renouveler les approches cartographiques et ce, en particulier, sur les zones tropicales où l'acquisition des images optiques est difficile du fait de la présence quasi permanente de nuages. Ces radars opèrent en différentes longueurs d'onde (bande L, C, X), différentes polarisations et avec des résolutions spatiales variables (Très Haute Résolution à Moyenne Résolution Spatiale).Nos sites d'étude se situent en Guyane française et en Côte d'Ivoire en contexte climatique tropical humide. Sur la Guyane française de nombreuses études antérieures garantissent une connaissance géographique riche et détaillée, nos recherches porteront sur la méthodologie de traitement et d'analyse d'images radar multi-paramètres (longueur d'onde, polarisation, résolution) et de leur exploitation conjointe avec des images optiques très haute résolution spatiale en vue d'effectuer le suivi temporel des milieux rencontrés localement (forêt dense sur socle, plaine littorale, forêt de mangrove, zones humides…).Une fois ce bilan détaillé et argumenté, effectué sur la Guyane, les recherches se porteront sur des zones test en Côte d'Ivoire qui contrairement à la Guyane, ne disposent pas de connaissances géographiques de qualité mais où le climat tropical rend, comme en Guyane, l'usage des images radar incontournable. Le premier chapitre de ce travail décrit les milieux rencontrés sur nos zones d'étude ainsi que les données disponibles sur chacun d'entre eux. Le second chapitre porte sur la méthodologie de traitement et d'analyse d'images radar multi paramètres et de leur exploitation conjointe avec des images optiques très haute résolution spatiale. Deux approches d'évaluation des images y sont discutées. Une première approche, basée sur la photo-interprétation, s'appuie sur les documents cartographiques existants, les levés de terrain pour évaluer visuellement les images. Une seconde approche aborde l'évaluation grâce aux méthodes de classification supervisée pour lesquelles deux techniques ont été utilisées : la classification SVM et la classification orientée objet. Le troisième chapitre est consacré aux applications thématiques des images sur les zones test situées en Guyane française et en Côte d'Ivoire. Y sont abordées la cartographie de l'occupation du sol, le suivi des zones humides littorales et la dynamique côtière et toutes ces applications pouvant conduire à la mise à jour des documents cartographiques existants / Since 2007, the launch of fully polarimetric SAR sensors has significantly improved the potential of satellite SAR data for the vegetation cartography. These sensors allow to make a complete description of the polarization state of the backscattered wave whatever the polarization configuration of the incident wave. Polarimetric data are sensitive to the geometrical structure of the vegetation cover, bringing a significant contribution for vegetation cartography. Different fully polarimetric sensors have been launched since 2007: ComoSkyMed, RADARSAT-2, and PALSAR sensors allowing observations in X, C, and L bands, with spatial resolution ranging from 1 to 30 m. Pilote sites are French Guiana (French) and Ivory coast (West African country) in humid tropical zone. In French Guiana, many studies in the past years guarantee a rich and detailed geographical knowledge, our works concern the multi parameters radar image analysis method (wavelength, polarization, resolution) and their exploitation together with external mapping data in the aim of implementing the temporal survey of the locally encountered environment (dense forest, coastal plains, mangrove forests, wetlands,…). In fact, with 80% of forest cover, French Guyana needs an update of existing cartographic documents to quantify the evolution of his dynamic vegetation. Once this assessment made on the Guyana was detailed and argued, the researches will concern to test zones in Ivory Coast which contrary to the Guyana, do not have geographical quality knowledge but where the tropical climate makes the use of radar images necessary as in Guyana. The first chapter of this work describes the fields met on our areas of study as well as the data available on each of them. Second chapter focuses on the methodology of processing and analysis of multicriterias radar images and their joint exploitation with optical images of very high-spatial resolution. Then, two approaches of evaluation of the images are discussed. A first approach, based on photo-interpretation, relies on the existing cartographic documents and on the land surveys to estimate visually the images. A second approach stating the evaluation thanks to the supervised classification for which two techniques were used: the SVM classification and the object-oriented classification. The third chapter is dedicated to the thematic applications of images on the test areas situated in French Guyana and in Ivory Coast. The mapping of the land use, the follow-up (survey) of the littoral wetlands and the coastal dynamics, all these applications can lead to the update of the existing cartographic documents

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between personality type and leadership focus. Personality type is studied from the perspective of Jungian Theory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator instrument, and leadership focus is explored through the development and application of a Leadership Focus Questionnaire. South African executives form the target population for this research. The overall research problem concerns how best to address the challenges of optimising focus and managing risk that is inherent in strategic leadership. Both functionalist and interpretive approaches were applied to produce a rounded understanding of what constitutes leadership focus. The application of a functionalist approach resulted in three primary theoretical hypotheses being derived from the literature, namely, that leadership focus is a function of (1) optimising the balance of focus between external and internal priorities, (2) the fit between the leadership personality type and the organisation type, and (3) the capacity to manage a multiple focus. The interpretation of the responses from the sample of executives participating in the research study yielded a related set of first and second order factors relating to leadership focus that revolve around the level of comfort experienced by executives in managing focus in the leadership role. The approach to this research was one of methodological triangulation. A survey-based methodology was employed, containing both quantitative and qualitative questions. The results of the quantitative analysis of the relationship between personality type and leadership focus were contrasted and extended by a qualitative content analysis of the qualitative survey responses. The propositions were tested on a sample of South African executives attending management development programmes run by Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, in both Johannesburg and Cape Town. The findings show that Extraverted personality types are more comfortable with the challenges of focus in the leadership role than are Introverted types. In addition, Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking and Judging types experience a greater degree of fit with their organisations than do Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Perceiving types. The implications are that in a business environment of ongoing change, market innovation and increasing stakeholder expectations, organisation leaders of all personality types need to develop a greater consciousness of their preferred and less preferred behaviours, and a greater ability to complement their preferred leadership behaviours with less preferred behaviours when necessary, to optimise their leadership focus over time. / Dr. Loius Carstens

M.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / Education is fundamentally an imaginative act of hope” (Purkey and Novak, 1996, p.1) and this hope is dependent on one’s ability to care enough to develop each child to his or her full potential. The intention of this study is to determine the dispositions of fourth year Foundation Phase students at a local higher education institute, and to establish how these dispositions influence their practice during their scheduled teaching practicals. The findings from this study will be used to propose a strategy for Initial Professional Education and Training (IPET) programmes in order to explicitly develop invitational dispositions in Foundation Phase teachers in training. The study is supported by a theoretical framework which investigates the notion of dispositions and the development of these through the lenses of structuration theory, social cognitive theory and attribution-based theory of motivation, and leading to the application of the Invitational Education approach. Self concept theory and perceptual theory are encompassed within this approach, and form an integral part of the study. From this theoretical framework, an invitational dispositional framework is developed to represent the inter-connected nature of the five invitational dispositions of care, intentionality, trust, respect and optimism. The research design and methodology of the study is located in the interpretivist paradigm, using a case study design within a qualitative approach. A survey is used to collect data relating to fourth year Foundation Phase students’ opinions regarding the essential dispositions required by Foundation Phase teachers in order to establish positive teaching and learning environments. Further data is gathered from two nested cases of fourth year Foundation Phase students during both their first and second teaching practicals, through the means of observations, interviews and document analysis. Each data source is analysed through content analysis in an attempt to identify the common patterns that emerge, followed by the coding of the data according to the invitational dispositions of care, intentionality, trust, respect and optimism. The opinions of the students, as determined from the analysis of the survey, are then compared to their actions as demonstrated through their practice, with a final consideration of the developmental trajectory of these dispositions. From this study, it was found that the dispositional ability to care is of paramount importance in Foundation Phase teaching and that this dispositional ability is determined in three inter- iii connected areas. A reduced ability to care in one of the interactional areas of self, others and the profession results in a decreased ability to care in the other areas as well. Upon analysis of the data, it was discovered that low levels of self confidence and limited care for the learning taking place in classrooms results in inconsistent invitational interactions between the student and the children. Lower levels of care further impacts upon the students’ ability to act with intentionality in each of the three interactional areas. Students would greatly benefit from explicit development in their reflective practice and in their self confidence, as “caring is an ethic that guides action” (Purkey and Novak, 1996, p.9). In this way students would be able to be Intentionally Inviting more consistently, and purposefully engage with children in the teaching and learning process.

The foundational principles of Holland’s (1985b, 1992, 1997) vocational theory state that career choice is an expression of personality, in that individuals with specific personality types seek out work or learning environments that match their personality types. Furthermore, interest inventories such as the Self-Directed Search (Holland, Powell, & Fritzsche, 1994) can be regarded as personality inventories and used to ensure that individuals find themselves in a working environment that is best suited to their interests and personality type. In addition to instruments that measure interests, Holland also developed dictionaries of occupations coded according to the characteristics and interests of different occupations and working environments, such as the Dictionary of Holland occupational codes (Gottfredson & Holland, 1996). The level of congruence between personality types and occupational types is linked to career satisfaction, stability and achievement. This premise only holds true, however, if the codes for the occupational environment suggested by Holland (1985c) are, in fact, valid. In other words, do the codes suggested by Holland match the personality types of individuals entering or who are already employed in a particular work or learning environment? There have been many studies conducted with regard to the validity of Holland’s prescribed interest typology codes. Spokane, Meier and Catalano (2000) located a large number of empirical studies published since 1985 that relate directly to the validity of Holland’s codes, many of which have suggested that the existing codes may not be valid. There is a scarcity of such research in South Africa, especially with regard to vital and growing occupational fields, such as the ecotourism industry, that are so important to the economic well-being of the country. Consequently, the overall aim of the present study was to explore and describe the interest codes of male and female South African student and working field guides in order to discuss the appropriateness of the occupational codes prescribed by Holland for the field guiding profession. The quantitative design of the study was exploratory-descriptive in nature and made use of the Self-Directed Search Questionnaire (Holland, Fritzsche, & Powell, 1994). The total sample consisted of 100 participants (68 male and 32 female), constituting 40 working field guides and 60 field guide students. Descriptive analyses were conducted with the use of frequency tables, charts, means and standard ix deviations. In addition, Independent sample t-tests were computed in order to describe and compare the mean scores of the interests for males and females, and to compare the mean scores of the interests for student and working field guides. The results of this study suggest that the prescribed occupational code (SRI; Social, Realistic, Investigative) for South African field guides may not be appropriate and that an interest profile such as SREI AC may be more appropriate. These results, in combination with the findings of the research review, suggest the need for a more extensive, cross-cultural study to determine the appropriateness of Holland’s occupational codes for South African occupations, which may lead to a revision of the South African Dictionary of Occupations (Taljaard & von Mollendorf, 1987).

The general purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the relationship between transformational and leadership personality preferences. The aim of the study is therefore to establish an empirical link between transformational leadership and certain aspects of personality preferences in order to verify if these leaders can be distinguished from others by means of their personality preferences. The transformational leaders’ ratings as identified by use of the Multifactor questionnaire are compared with personality preferences indicated on the scales of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator®. Given the research literature an expectation exists that a statistically significant difference will be found between aspects of personality preferences of transformational and non-transformational leaders. Therefore transformational leaders will be identifiable from non-transformational leaders by their personality preferences. The research group was a convenience sample that consisted of 66 leaders chosen from two organisations in the financial and entertainment industries at the level of team leader or in a supervisory capacity. The statistical procedures utilised in the analysis of the data included analysis of frequencies, ttests and cross tabulations. Firstly, the transformational leaders in the selected organisations were identified successfully. As far as determining the personality preferences of the identified transformational leaders and establishing any possible links between the transformational leadership style and chosen personality preferences, the only significant difference was found between the introversion and extroversion preferences. A significant difference between introversion and extroversion in terms of the Intellectual Stimulation rating on the MLQ was found as well as in terms of the Average and Inspirational Motivation ratings. No other statistically significant differences or interdependencies were found between the personality preferences as identified by the MBTI® and any of the ratings on the MLQ. The third objective of determining whether personality preference can be utilised to predict transformational leadership is therefore answered. From the findings of this study it seems as if personality preferences cannot be utilised to predict transformational leadership in for instance a selection process in a company. As this research group was highly selected and not representative of the general population, it is not possible to generalise the findings of this study. Although the research group was not representative, the findings of this study matched with those of other studies, and the deduction is therefore made that if this study was to be repeated, similar results would be found. / Prof. S. Kruger

Orientador: Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Higa_Rosangela_M.pdf: 4613727 bytes, checksum: 31074390aac9848d74e3c9ab80dbfe5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Pesquisas realizadas relatam que a Incontinência Urinária (lU) causa nas mulheres conseqüências físicas, econômicas e psicossociais que interferem na qualidade de vida e estudos recentes têm mostrado que a lU interfere também nas atividades ocupacionais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da lU, suas associação com alguns fatores, sua interferência no desenvolvimento das atividades diárias ocupacionais e seu manejo entre mulheres profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital-escola na cidade de Campinas - SP, Brasil. O estudo foi tipo corte transversal. A população de estudo foi composta por todas as profissionais de enfermagem que se encontravam em atividade no mês de fevereiro de 2003. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas fases. Na primeira fase foi distribuído um questionário que identificou as funcionárias que apresentavam queixa de perda involuntária de urina pelo menos uma vez por mês, durante o último ano, além de questões sobre algumas variáveis de interesse. Na segunda fase foi realizada entrevista com as profissionais que apresentavam queixa de lU, identificando-se sua interferência nas atividades ocupacionais, as estratégias para manejo da lU e outros aspectos. Para verificar associações, os grupos com ou sem lU foram comparados utilizando-se os testes t de Student, qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher ou Mann-Whitney. Através da análise de regressão logística univariada e multivariada, pelo processo de seleção das variáveis "Stepwise", foram selecionadas as variáveis mais significativas. Dentre os 378 formulários distribuídos, 291 (77%) foram respondidos de maneira adequada e completa. A queixa de lU foi relatada por 80 funcionárias (27,5%). A análise multivariada indicou que as mulheres que engordaram e emagreceram tinham 26 vezes mais chance de queixa de lU, sendo esta possibilidade de 4,2 vezes entre mulheres que emagreceram; 3,8 vezes entre as mulheres com hipertensão arterial; 3,1 vezes entre as que tinham constipação intestinal e 3,0 vezes após os 41 anos de idade. A lU causou restrições nas atividades ocupacionais, sexuais e sociais. As atividades que demandavam maiores esforços físicos como carregar peso, empurrar maca e cadeira de rodas, tomaram a lU mais freqüente. A incontinência durante a jornada de trabalho foi responsável por problemas como: estresse, vergonha, constrangimento, raiva e falta de concentração no trabalho. As estratégias mais utilizadas foram: usar forro ou absorvente higiênico e reduzir a ingestão hídrica. O manejo inadequado causou prejuízos à saúde como: irritação, assadura, alergia na pele e infecção urinária. Foram identificadas facilidades para o manejo, como poder utilizar o toalete sempre que necessário e trocar de roupa, forro ou absorvente higiênico durante a jornada de trabalho. As dificuldades mais citadas foram: distância do toalete maior que 12 metros, quantidade insuficiente de toalete nas unidades e não poder interromper a atividade para o uso do toalete. Concluiu-se que o aumento da freqüência da perda urinária devido às atividades que demandavam maiores esforços físicos, dificuldades para manejo adequado e a interferência no desempenho profissional caracterizaram o impacto da lU nestas trabalhadoras. Medidas educativas de prevenção e tratamento se fazem necessárias para melhorar o desempenho profissional e a qualidade de vida destas mulheres / Abstract: The urinary incontinence (UI) causes physical, economic and psychosocial effects to the women. The aim of this present study was to assess the UI prevalence, its association to some factors, its interference at the performance of the occupational daily activities and its management among nurse female staff of a school hospital at Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. It was a cross-sectional cohort study. The population studied was composed by ali the nursing staff that working during the month of February of 2003. The data collecting was performed into two phases. At the first phase, it was delivered a questionnaire that had identified the employers who complaint of UI at least once a month during the past year, a part from the issues about some variables of interesting. At the second phase, it was performed an interview to the employers who had presented complaints of U I, its interference at the occupational activities, the management strategies of the UI and other aspects. In order to verify the association, the groups with or without UI were compared using the following tests t Student, Qui-square, Fisher Exact or Mann Whitney. The univariate and multivariate analysis of logistic regression by the selection process of -"stepwise" variables had selected the most significant variables. Of the 378 questionnaires delivered, 291 (77%) were completely answered. The UI complaint was reported by 80 employers (27.5%). The multivariate analysis had shown that the women that having gained and lost weight has had 26 times more chance to complaints of UI; this possibility was 4,2 time more among women that having lost weigth; 3,8 time more among women that having arterial hypertension; 3,1 times more among those that having intestinal constipation and 3,0 time more after 41 years of age was. The UI was reported as being responsible by restrictions at the occupational, sexual and social activities. The activities which require more effort, like to lifI: heavy things and to push stretchers and wheelchairs became the UI more frequento The UI during the working was responsible by stress, shame, restraint, angry, lack of concentration at work among other complaints. The most used strategies were: wearing pads, diapers and decreasing oral fluid intake. The inadequate management caused damages to health, such as: irritation, skin rash, skin allergy and urinary tract infection. It was identified facilities for the management, as uses the toilette as much as necessary changes the dothes and the diapers or pads. The most important difficulties were: a distance of more than 12 meters of the toilette trom the workplace, not enough amounts of toilettes available at the workplace unit, and impossibility of not interrupting the activity that they were performing to go the toilette. It was concluded that the trequency increased of the UI due to developrnent effort activities at work, difficulties for the adequate managernent of the UI and professional performance interference characterized the impact of urinary incontinence in these working women. Preventable educational rneasures and treatment are necessary in order to irnprove the professional developrnent and quality of Ufe of these wornen / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

This thesis looks at the effect of industrial and occupational segregation on the wage differential between resident and migrant workers in China. It extends the work of Meng and Zhang (2001) by considering the possible employment segregation of resident and migrant workers by both industry and occupation. I contend that industry segregation is at least as important as occupational segregation for Chinese migrant workers, as most migrant workers in China have come from the countryside to fuel the booming labor-intensive manufacturing and construction industries in the cites. Due to the hukou policy (a household registration system) in China, migrant workers normally face more constraints in searching for jobs in other sectors. My empirical study confirms that the proportion of the resident-migrant worker wage differential that is explained by industrial segregation is much larger than that explained by occupational segregation. Taking both industrial and occupational segregation into account explains the substantial wage differential between resident and migrant workers, which indicates the influence of industrial and occupational barriers on the wage differential in China.

This study undertakes to determine the validity of certain influences and factors involved in the choice of an occupation by high school seniors, as compared with their real interests as shown by Hepner's Vocational Interest Test.

Since 1986, the State of Michigan has developed a policy of financial receivership for fiscally distressed local governments. This system entailed local democratic suspension, as the State government installed an Emergency Manager with complete power over the locality. Occupation primarily affected majority-black cities, was imposed without any real recourse, and lasted as long as State officials desired. A framework of indefinite temporary occupation in international politics highlights the structural ways in which Michigan’s subnational policy is juridically enabled, a symptom of structural financial and racial disinvestment, for the benefits of privileged elites, and contingent on national apathy. Additionally, the application of this lens delineates the systemic ways in which Emergency Management undermines local democracy even after the headlines proclaim its end.