Abstract The aim of this essay is to examine if children’s, in this case girls and boys between four and six year old, experiences and perceptions of various occupations follow a gender stereotypical pattern that is distinguishable in the society and that is evidenced by a gender distributed list presented by the Central Bureau of Statistics (SCB 2016). These children’s experiences and perceptions are examined in relation to family and surroundings. The central question is how they describe occupations and occupational-related activities offered in a school and preschool environment from a gender perspective. These children’s experiences and perceptions are also examined in relation to how they describe their career-related aspirations. Our study is theoretically based upon two different alignments of the gender theory that describe the social construction of gender. The data collection is based on 7 group interviews with 31 children from one preschool class and two different preschools. The results of our study indicate that the children have occupational experience that they relate to family members and/or to their immediate surroundings. The majority of the children’s experiences show that chores are distributed equally within the family and are therefore described as genus neutral. However, the majority of the children's occupational experience is gender-influenced, thus following the gender segregated labor market outlined by Central Bureau of Statistics (2016) list. Their own occupational aspirations also show that they follow this gender stereotypical pattern. The study emphasizes that the children are active agents in their development of gender identity and that their gender identity appears more clearly in specific contexts. On the other hand, we see that girls are more eager to extend the limits of the female arena. Another important aspect that the study shows is that the occupational activities offered in the school and preschool activities have a positive impact on how children distinguish their own ability. This can increase their ability to feel that they can do it if they really want to!

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pichinin_es_me_prud.pdf: 5317177 bytes, checksum: d85b91094351d1b287c06717e4de9664 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo analisa a transformação da paisagem decorrente das mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico e de pesquisas empíricas no município de Euclides da Cunha Paulista – localizado na parcela territorial que compreende o extremo sudoeste do estado de São Paulo – o Pontal do Paranapanema. Este trabalho se insere no âmbito do desenvolvimento do Projeto Temático intitulado: “Dinâmicas Socioambientais, Desenvolvimento Local e Sustentabilidade na Raia Divisória São Paulo – Paraná – Mato Grosso do Sul”. O objetivo está centrado no diagnóstico dos processos de mudanças sob o viés da ação antrópica, constituindo uma abordagem relevante para o entendimento da relação entre o homem e a natureza. Ao estudar a transformação histórica da paisagem, optou-se por tomar como referência os principais agentes sociais propulsores do desenvolvimento local, pelo fato de serem importantes elementos de mudança, no que se refere aos aspectos de ordem ambiental, como também aos de ordem social. Neste sentido, as imagens de satélite servem para acompanhar esta evolução, através do georreferenciamento de algumas dinâmicas paisagísticas e territoriais, o que resultou na análise de indicadores, possibilitando atingir os resultados que demonstram que a problemática ambiental decorrente da ação antrópica na escala local interfere na dinâmica da paisagem, sendo passível de identificação, a partir de análises integradas em toda a área de estudo. / The present study it analyzes the transformation of the decurrent landscape of the changes in the use and occupation of the ground, from the bibliographical survey and of empirical research in the city Euclides Cunha Paulista - located in the territorial parcel that understands the southwestern extremity of the state of São Paulo - the Pontal of the Paranapanema. This work if inserts in the scope of the development of the intitled Thematic Project: “Environment and Social Dynamic, Development Local and Sustainable in the Dividing Ray São Paulo - Paraná - Mato Grosso of the South”. The objective is centered in the diagnosis of the processes of changes under the bias of the human action, constituting an excellent boarding for the agreement of the relation between the man and the nature. When studying the historical transformation of the landscape, was opted to taking as reference the main propeller social agents of the local development, for the fact to be important elements of change, as for the aspects of ambient order, as well as to the ones of social order. In this direction, the satellite images serve to follow this evolution, through the process of some landscape and territorial dynamic, what it resulted in the analysis of pointers, making possible to reach the results that demonstrate that problematic ambient the decurrent one of the human action in the local scale intervenes with the dynamics of the landscape, being of identification, from analyzes integrated in all the study area.

Orientation: The high unemployment level in South Africa has caused even graduates to be unemployed and yet they hold university degrees. This has increased pressure on the job seeking students to develop factors that influence employability, hence the study seeks to identify whether personality and self-esteem act as predictors of employability among final year university students. Research purpose: The objectives of this investigation were to examine whether personality, as is typically found in personality type research tool such as the, (Myers Briggs personality indicator) and self-esteem positively predict employability among final year university students. Secondly, to determine the personality types that significantly predict employability among final year university students. The last objective was to determine whether self-esteem significantly predicts employability among final year university students. Motivation for the study: This investigation is particularly important because it looks at the non-academic attributes that make job-seeking students able to attain a job and also sustain that job. The 21st century workplace is ever changing, and students are required to build proactive personalities that help them increase their employability level and stand a higher chance of getting employed. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey research design was used and a questionnaire was self-administered to a stratified simple random sample consisting of 238 Management and Commerce final year students at the university of Fort Hare. The study used quantitative approach and a positivism paradigm. To measure personality, TIPI scale was used and had 10 items. Employability was measured using the student self-perceived employability scale and self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Main findings: The results of this study showed a similarity with others obtained in prior studies. The results drawn from the statistical analysis of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between personality types such as perceiving, extraversion and feeling with employability among final year management and commerce students at the university of Fort Hare. However, the results showed that there is no positive relationship that exists between self-esteem and employability among final year job-seeking students. Practical implications: The research findings provided evidence that personality had a positive relationship with employability in an academic context. This makes it clear that student career exploration process can only be successful when special attention is given to developing individual’s human capital skills and proactive personalities. Institutions of higher learning should take advantage of some career experts in their countries and in their universities to provide students with employability lessons and guidelines. Contribution: The most important contribution of this study is that it helps to extend knowledge and understanding on the issues concerning the relationship between personality, self-esteem and employability in an academic setting. The research magnified the frame of information in the area personality in relation to employability in academic contexts. It makes available more literature that looks into these two variables (personality and self-esteem) in an African context.

Orientador: Edson Luis Piroli / Banca: Antonio Cezar Leal / Banca: Rodrigo Lilla Manzione / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a caracterização dos diferentes tipos de uso e ocupação da terra sobre as áreas de preservação permanente de nascentes e corpos d'água nas microbacias hidrográficas situadas na cidade de Ourinhos - SP e no seu entorno, a partir da comparação de fotografias aéreas dos anos de 1972 e 2006. As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) de nascentes e cursos d'água foram definidas de acordo com as diretrizes legais contidas no Código Florestal lei n° 4.771/65, resoluções CONAMA 302/02; 303/02 e 369/06 relacionado aos parâmetro estabelecidos pelo Plano Diretor de Ourinhos e o Zoneamento Ambiental da cidade / Abstract: This work presents the characterization of the use and occupation of land on the permanent preservation of springs and water bodies in watersheds located in the town of Ourinhos - SP and its surroundings, from the comparison of aerial photographs of the years 1972 and 2006. The Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) of springs and streams were defined according to legal guidelines contained in the Forest Code Law No. 4.771/65, CONAMA resolutions 302/02, 303/02 and 369/06 related to the parameter established by the Master Plan and Environmental Zoning Ourinhos city / Mestre

Esta dissertação de mestrado põe em questão o morrer, verbo tão elástico que confunde-se com a própria vida. Partindo do pressuposto que o morrer é um processo que cabe aos vivos e, por isso, é atravessado pelas relações do sujeito com a verdade, o seguinte trabalho pretende analisar, a partir do instante presente, como a sociedade moderna ocidental se organizou para dar conta dos infinitos mistérios que a morte desperta nos indivíduos em paralelo com o projeto de governo do Estado de gestão e controle da população, a partir das práticas biopolíticas e da legitimidade do saber médico que prescreve o que é uma vida, quais são os valores que a determinam e sob que códigos e condutas os seres devem se submeter para serem considerados existentes. Aliado ao filósofo Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, propõe-se um percurso sinuoso da emergência do racismo biológico e do racismo de Estado para refletir sobre os grandes genocídios do século XX, sob a perspectiva de uma Tanatopolítica. Através do recurso do ensaio, este trabalho provocará a pergunta: como escrever sobre algo que não se fala O ensaio, mais do que um método, é um artesania capaz de costurar o tempo e a história em busca do passado de nossas verdades presentes e um convite ao leitor a um livre flanar pelos rastros de um conhecimento subsumido das cátedras acadêmicas, mas que clama por sua palavra e seu sepultamento. Ensaiar é permitir, também, que a ficção, a poesia e a literatura entrem pela porta da frente na obstinação do saber. Se a ciência moderna carece de evidências acerca do morrer e seus processos, o ensaio responde, sem ferir os mistérios do mundo, com mais questões que permitem criar outras realidades, fora das instituídas. Junto com Walter Benjamin, Jorge Larrosa, Peter Pal Pelbart e outros filósofos, a dissertação problematiza a distância entre a pesquisa e a militância, flertando com o saber morrer e apostando no luto enquanto luta, ensaiando outras maneiras de dar sentido a ausência com a inventividade política dos movimentos de ocupação atuais para fazer frente ao projeto biopolítico. / This master's dissertation questions dying: a verb so elastic that it is confused with life itself. Based on the assumption that dying is a process that belongs to the living and is therefore crossed by the subject's relations with the truth, the following work intends to analyze, from the present moment, how modern Western society organized itself to address the infinite mysteries that death awakens in the individuals in parallel with the state governor's project of management and control of the population, from the biopolitical practices and the legitimacy of the medical knowledge that prescribes what a life is, what the values that determine it are and under what codes and behaviors living beings must undergo to be considered existing. Allied with the philosophers Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, it is proposed a sinuous route of the emergence of the biological racism and the racism of State to reflect on the great genocides of century XX, from the perspective of Tanatopolitics. This work will provoke the question in the form of an essay: how do we write about something that is not spoken The essay, more than a method, is a craft capable of sewing time and history in search of the past of our present truths and an invitation to the reader to a free walk through the traces of a subsumed knowledge of academic chairs, but that claims by its word and its burial. Essaying is to allow, also, that fiction, poetry, and literature enter the front door in the obstinacy of knowledge. If modern science lacks evidence about dying and its processes, this essay responds, without hurting the mysteries of the world, with more questions that enable us to create other realities, other than those instituted. Along with Walter Benjamin, Jorge Larrosa, Peter Pal Pelbart, and other philosophers, this dissertation problematizes the distance between research and militancy, flirting with the acceptance of dying, and betting on mourning while fighting, essaying other ways to make sense of absence with the political inventiveness of the current occupation movements facing the biopolitical project.

Twentieth century development model, based on economic growth oriented the use and occupation of CearÃâs seacoast, caused changes both in land and in the sea zone. Such model attributed capital value to space and this has caused changes in the dynamics of this part of the land as well as in the sea zone. The challenge at present is to avert such alteration by reducing its negative impact and promote development in seacoast. This complex task implies a development model intertwined with economic growth, welfare and providing environment and natural resources preservation for future generations. In order to succeed in that, it is necessary to understand current development dynamics, so, this research aims at analyzing socio-environment development on the beaches of Caucaia City â CearÃ: Dois Coqueiros, Iparana, Pacheco, IcaraÃ, Tabuba, and Cumbuco. The focus is the analysis of their use and occupation between 2000 and 2015; the approach used is geosystemic. The study employs different methodologies such as socio-spatial study from the knowledge of the area under the perspective of analyzed categories; the analysis of plans, projects, laws and instruments; and the integrated analysis from the matrix swot. It is an interdisciplinary study and it covers distinct areas: social, environmental, spatial, and economy. The research also carries out the calculation of the retrograding process of the area through the equation proposed by Brunn Law, used to determinate the preserved area, which is indispensable for seacoast. Information and data were systematized from the correlational matrix and thematic maps, they were presented in scenery forms and the result is some development proposals. The conclusion states that analyzed beaches undergo different processes concerning urban-environmental dynamics; Dois Coqueiros, Iparana, Pacheco and Icaraà beaches need taking their landscape potential back, as well as their socio-economic dynamics; Tabuba and Cumbuco beaches need having their landscape potential and socio-economic dynamics preserved and expanded. / A conjuntura de desenvolvimento do sÃculo XX, pautada no crescimento econÃmico, conduziu o processo de uso e ocupaÃÃo da zona costeira e promoveu mudanÃas no continente e no ambiente marinho. Esse modelo de desenvolvimento atribuiu valor de mercadoria ao espaÃo e agenciou mudanÃas significativas na paisagem e na dinÃmica dessa parcela territorial, bem como no meio marinho. O desafio do sÃculo XXI à contornar essas mudanÃas minimizando seus impactos negativos e reconduzir o processo de desenvolvimento da zona costeira. Tarefa complexa, que pressupÃe um modelo de desenvolvimento que envolva o crescimento econÃmico, o bem-estar social e garanta a qualidade ambiental e os recursos naturais para as geraÃÃes futuras. Para que esse desafio seja vencido, faz-se necessÃrio entender a dinÃmica de desenvolvimento atual, portanto, essa pesquisa objetiva analisar o desenvolvimento socioambiental das praias do municÃpio de Caucaia - CearÃ: Dois Coqueiros, Iparana, Pacheco, IcaraÃ, Tabuba e Cumbuco. O ponto focal da pesquisa à a analise do uso e ocupaÃÃo no perÃodo definido entre os anos de 2000 a 2015; a abordagem utilizada à a geossistÃmica. O estudo utiliza diferentes metodologias como o estudo socioespacial a partir do entendimento da Ãrea sob a perspectiva de categorias de anÃlise; a anÃlise de planos, projetos, leis e instrumentos; e a anÃlise integrada a partir da matriz swot. à de carÃter interdisciplinar e abrange dimensÃes distintas: social, ambiental, espacial e econÃmica. A pesquisa realiza, ainda, o cÃlculo de RetrogradaÃÃo da Ãrea, equaÃÃo matemÃtica proposta pela Lei de Bruun, para determinar Ãrea nÃo edificante, Ãrea imprescindÃvel para a preservaÃÃo da zona costeira. As informaÃÃes e dados gerados foram sistematizados a partir de matriz de correlaÃÃo e mapas temÃticos, foram apresentados em formato de cenÃrios e deram origem Ãs diretrizes de desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que as praias passam por processos diferenciados em relaÃÃo à dinÃmica urbana-ambiental; as praias de Dois Coqueiros, Iparana, Pacheco e Icaraà necessitam recuperar seu potencial paisagÃstico, sua dinÃmica econÃmica e social; jà as praias de Tabuba e Cumbuco carecem ter seu potencial paisagÃstico, sua dinÃmica econÃmica e social preservadas e potencializadas.

Por meio da integração de algumas variáveis que, a princípio, sob uma observação assistemática, não apresentariam relações diretas entre si, procurou-se evidenciar as razões da rápida ocupação do território municipal de Itapecerica da Serra e os tipos de uso que ali se têm estabelecido. Uma variável central refere-se à evolução do preço de mercado dos imóveis, caracterizada por uma desvalorização generalizada. A desvalorização estaria relacionada com equívocos gerados pela legislação ambiental e também com um processo de exclusão social que se manifesta sob forma de Segregação territorial que caracteriza a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Evidências favoráveis aos argumentos formulados são encontradas na arrecadação de IPTU, contraposta com a evolução demográfica do Município. Considerou-se também o acelerado aumento dos índices de criminalidade, tanto como um reflexo da segregação territorial como mais um fator explicativo da desvalorização imobiliária. / The work intends to integrate some factors, which could seem unrelated if viewed unsystematically, trying to explain the fast occupation of Itapecerica da Serra’s town territory and the specific uses of the land established in the area. One main factor concerns the real state price variability, which indicates a general devaluation. This devaluation is influenced both by mistakes generated due to environmental law bills and by the process of social exclusion on the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, characterized by territorial segregation. The analysis and comparison of the city IPTU –Urban Construction and Territory Tax- with the data of the city demographic evolution gives evidences which contribute with the arguments proposed. The fast increase of criminality levels has also been considered, both as a reflex of the territorial segregation and as one more factor to explain the real state devaluation.

Ph.D. / Most people‘s future aspiration and dreams are closely linked to the work activities that they engage in on a daily basis. Work is a central theme in human evolution and plays a key role in the social and economic spheres of human existence (Blustein, 2006; Donkin, 2001; Fouad & Bynner, 2008). However, the vocational landscape has undergone prolific changes in recent times and the way in which work is organised and performed has changed dramatically from preceding eras (Chipunza & Berry, 2010). These changes have contributed to the production of highly stressful and pressured working conditions that adversely impact employees‘ overall wellness (Blouin, Chopra, & Van der Hoeven, 2009; Marmot, Siegrist, & Theorell, 2006). Organisational responses to employee stress have historically been embedded in the pathogenic paradigm, which aims to minimise the direct financial cost of distressed and vulnerable employees through providing some form of prevention-based employee therapy (Wright, 2003). However, as organisations become increasingly dependent on employees who are willing to conduct multiple in-role and extra-role work activities they are shifting their focus towards the total wellbeing of their workers. Clearly, key organisational goals will not be achieved with a workforce that is simply healthy in the traditional sense of the word, implying that employees are symptom-free and do not suffer from physical illness (Ulrich, 1997). Instead, organisational goals will most likely only be achieved through the promotion of workforce wellness, which refers to not only counteracting the adverse impact of highly demanding work environments on employee health but also promoting engagement and flourishing at work. Research on occupational wellness has a rich tradition of describing and measuring the ways in which job characteristics external to the person (e.g. job design, technology, and organisational structure) impact on employees‘ well-being (Briner, Harris, & Daniels, 2004; Mark & Smith, 2010). Although occupational wellness has largely been associated with organisational and environmental factors recent research suggests that perceptions of work wellness are equally influenced by employees‘ individual cognitive-affective tendencies (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007; Bakker & Derks, 2009). Work wellness can therefore be viewed as a function of the dynamic interaction between job characteristics and personal attributes, with personality potentially moderating the relationship between stressor and strain outcomes (Swider & Zimmerman, 2010; Van den Heuvel, Demerouti, Bakker, & Schaufeli, 2010).

Depuis 2007, une nouvelle génération de radar satellitaires imageurs plus performants permet de renouveler les approches cartographiques et ce, en particulier, sur les zones tropicales où l'acquisition des images optiques est difficile du fait de la présence quasi permanente de nuages. Ces radars opèrent en différentes longueurs d'onde (bande L, C, X), différentes polarisations et avec des résolutions spatiales variables (Très Haute Résolution à Moyenne Résolution Spatiale).Nos sites d'étude se situent en Guyane française et en Côte d'Ivoire en contexte climatique tropical humide. Sur la Guyane française de nombreuses études antérieures garantissent une connaissance géographique riche et détaillée, nos recherches porteront sur la méthodologie de traitement et d'analyse d'images radar multi-paramètres (longueur d'onde, polarisation, résolution) et de leur exploitation conjointe avec des images optiques très haute résolution spatiale en vue d'effectuer le suivi temporel des milieux rencontrés localement (forêt dense sur socle, plaine littorale, forêt de mangrove, zones humides…).Une fois ce bilan détaillé et argumenté, effectué sur la Guyane, les recherches se porteront sur des zones test en Côte d'Ivoire qui contrairement à la Guyane, ne disposent pas de connaissances géographiques de qualité mais où le climat tropical rend, comme en Guyane, l'usage des images radar incontournable. Le premier chapitre de ce travail décrit les milieux rencontrés sur nos zones d'étude ainsi que les données disponibles sur chacun d'entre eux. Le second chapitre porte sur la méthodologie de traitement et d'analyse d'images radar multi paramètres et de leur exploitation conjointe avec des images optiques très haute résolution spatiale. Deux approches d'évaluation des images y sont discutées. Une première approche, basée sur la photo-interprétation, s'appuie sur les documents cartographiques existants, les levés de terrain pour évaluer visuellement les images. Une seconde approche aborde l'évaluation grâce aux méthodes de classification supervisée pour lesquelles deux techniques ont été utilisées : la classification SVM et la classification orientée objet. Le troisième chapitre est consacré aux applications thématiques des images sur les zones test situées en Guyane française et en Côte d'Ivoire. Y sont abordées la cartographie de l'occupation du sol, le suivi des zones humides littorales et la dynamique côtière et toutes ces applications pouvant conduire à la mise à jour des documents cartographiques existants / Since 2007, the launch of fully polarimetric SAR sensors has significantly improved the potential of satellite SAR data for the vegetation cartography. These sensors allow to make a complete description of the polarization state of the backscattered wave whatever the polarization configuration of the incident wave. Polarimetric data are sensitive to the geometrical structure of the vegetation cover, bringing a significant contribution for vegetation cartography. Different fully polarimetric sensors have been launched since 2007: ComoSkyMed, RADARSAT-2, and PALSAR sensors allowing observations in X, C, and L bands, with spatial resolution ranging from 1 to 30 m. Pilote sites are French Guiana (French) and Ivory coast (West African country) in humid tropical zone. In French Guiana, many studies in the past years guarantee a rich and detailed geographical knowledge, our works concern the multi parameters radar image analysis method (wavelength, polarization, resolution) and their exploitation together with external mapping data in the aim of implementing the temporal survey of the locally encountered environment (dense forest, coastal plains, mangrove forests, wetlands,…). In fact, with 80% of forest cover, French Guyana needs an update of existing cartographic documents to quantify the evolution of his dynamic vegetation. Once this assessment made on the Guyana was detailed and argued, the researches will concern to test zones in Ivory Coast which contrary to the Guyana, do not have geographical quality knowledge but where the tropical climate makes the use of radar images necessary as in Guyana. The first chapter of this work describes the fields met on our areas of study as well as the data available on each of them. Second chapter focuses on the methodology of processing and analysis of multicriterias radar images and their joint exploitation with optical images of very high-spatial resolution. Then, two approaches of evaluation of the images are discussed. A first approach, based on photo-interpretation, relies on the existing cartographic documents and on the land surveys to estimate visually the images. A second approach stating the evaluation thanks to the supervised classification for which two techniques were used: the SVM classification and the object-oriented classification. The third chapter is dedicated to the thematic applications of images on the test areas situated in French Guyana and in Ivory Coast. The mapping of the land use, the follow-up (survey) of the littoral wetlands and the coastal dynamics, all these applications can lead to the update of the existing cartographic documents

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between personality type and leadership focus. Personality type is studied from the perspective of Jungian Theory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator instrument, and leadership focus is explored through the development and application of a Leadership Focus Questionnaire. South African executives form the target population for this research. The overall research problem concerns how best to address the challenges of optimising focus and managing risk that is inherent in strategic leadership. Both functionalist and interpretive approaches were applied to produce a rounded understanding of what constitutes leadership focus. The application of a functionalist approach resulted in three primary theoretical hypotheses being derived from the literature, namely, that leadership focus is a function of (1) optimising the balance of focus between external and internal priorities, (2) the fit between the leadership personality type and the organisation type, and (3) the capacity to manage a multiple focus. The interpretation of the responses from the sample of executives participating in the research study yielded a related set of first and second order factors relating to leadership focus that revolve around the level of comfort experienced by executives in managing focus in the leadership role. The approach to this research was one of methodological triangulation. A survey-based methodology was employed, containing both quantitative and qualitative questions. The results of the quantitative analysis of the relationship between personality type and leadership focus were contrasted and extended by a qualitative content analysis of the qualitative survey responses. The propositions were tested on a sample of South African executives attending management development programmes run by Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, in both Johannesburg and Cape Town. The findings show that Extraverted personality types are more comfortable with the challenges of focus in the leadership role than are Introverted types. In addition, Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking and Judging types experience a greater degree of fit with their organisations than do Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Perceiving types. The implications are that in a business environment of ongoing change, market innovation and increasing stakeholder expectations, organisation leaders of all personality types need to develop a greater consciousness of their preferred and less preferred behaviours, and a greater ability to complement their preferred leadership behaviours with less preferred behaviours when necessary, to optimise their leadership focus over time. / Dr. Loius Carstens