The applications of calcium-isotope measurements in marine carbonates are explored in several different contexts within this thesis. As a record of global ion fluxes, seawater calcium-isotope ratios can be used as tracers for large weathering imbalances, which develop as a feedback system in response to intervals of climate change. This approach provides valuable constraints on the complex climatic and oceanographic phenomena known as the Oceanic Anoxic Events. Over much longer timescales, the calcium-isotope ratio of seawater is influenced by steady-state processes that reflect the evolution of seawater chemistry. To understand these influences, the modern calcium-isotope budget is assessed quantitatively using a compilation of marine carbonate samples, revealing several distinctive components of the carbonate burial sink that can affect the steady-state balance of the calcium cycle. Changes in the major ion composition of seawater and in the organisms that contribute to sedimentary carbonate burial are shown to contribute significantly to the geological record of seawater calcium-isotope ratios. The importance of skeletal carbonate in the calcium cycle leads to another application of calcium isotopes towards understanding biomineralization. This large and complex topic is approached with calcium-isotope data from two unique growth experiments that constrain some of the mechanisms by which biogenic aragonite acquires its geochemical signatures. This range of topics presents a diverse, but by no means exclusive, sample of the topics that are accessible for investigation through calcium-isotope analysis. The potential of this isotopic tool is demonstrated by the breadth of environments and timescales represented in this work.

Oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) are periods in Earth's history when oceans were depleted in dissolved oxygen and characterized by deposition of organic-rich sediments. The Oceanic Drilling Program (ODP) has drilled through OAEs in a number of areas worldwide, collecting core and borehole log data. This project attempts to identify a characteristic signature from known ODP OAE sections using these data and to apply the signature to identify OAE intervals in Gulf of Mexico wells where cores are lacking. Additionally, pseudo density curves were generated from ODP logs and compared to bulk density logs to determine if the deviation between the two would aid identification of OAE intervals. A general, though not fool proof, signature of high gamma ray, uranium, neutron porosity and low density was seen in nearly all of the ODP holes. Using this signature 20 potential OAE intervals were identified in the Gulf of Mexico.

La diadromie représente un cycle de vie qui implique obligatoirement des migrations entre la mer et l’eau douce. La diadromie s’est maintenue dans différentes lignées évolutives de poissons, mettant ainsi en évidence l’existence d’avantages adaptatifs comme la capacité à coloniser des milieux vierges ou de mieux exploiter la variabilité spatio-temporelle de l’environnement. Une hypothèse pour expliquer l’origine et le maintien de la diadromie postule que les migrations entre mer et rivière ont pour but de placer les individus dans le milieu qui favorisera la croissance avant la première reproduction. Une croissance en mer et une reproduction en rivière (anadromie) serait favorisée si la productivité primaire en eau douce est inférieure à celle des milieux marins environnants tandis que la situation inverse (catadromie ; reproduction en mer, croissance en rivière) est attendue quand le différentiel de productivité est en faveur des eaux douces. Les résultats de notre étude réalisée à l’échelle du globe confirment cette hypothèse et montrent également que les poissons diadromes se trouvent majoritairement dans des rivières à faible richesse spécifique et/ou ouvertes à la colonisation après le retrait des glaciers au Quaternaire. Leur capacité à coloniser de nouveaux milieux permet aux diadromes d’être très présents sur les îles océaniques. Si la biodiversité sur les îles océaniques a été largement étudiée, très peu d’études ont porté sur les poissons d’eau douce qui s’y trouvent. Notre étude des peuplements de poissons des îles polynésiennes confirme la généralité d’un modèle proposé pour les faunes terrestres prédisant une relation en dôme entre richesse spécifique et âge de l’île. Nos résultats montrent également que la richesse diminue avec la distance au centre de biodiversité le plus proche et augmente avec l’altitude maximale de l’île.Malgré leur succès évolutif, les poissons diadromes se révèlent très vulnérables face aux activités humaines (surexploitation, pollution de l’eau, barrages…). De ce fait, de nombreuses espèces sont classées comme vulnérables par l’IUCN. Paradoxalement, notre étude sur les caractéristiques biologiques et écologiques des espèces qui se sont éteintes récemment à l’échelle du globe n’identifie pas la diadromie comme un facteur aggravant. Cette étude montre que le critère biologique principal menant à l’extinction est l’endémisme et une aire de distribution géographique restreinte. Bien que souvent en déclin, beaucoup d’espèces diadromes ont jusqu’ici échappé à l’extinction du fait de leur aire de distribution initiale de grande taille, résultat probable de leur grande capacité de dispersion. Un très bon exemple est l’esturgeon européen, Acipenser sturio, initialement largement distribué en Europe mais qui après un fort déclin à partir de 1850 ne se reproduit plus que dans le seul bassin de la Garonne. Pour mieux suivre le déclin de cette espèce au cours du temps, nous avons étudié sa distribution avant 1850 à l’aide de données archéozoologiques. L’analyse de ces données suggère une diminution des populations très ancienne, initiée il y a 2500 ans. A l’aide de températures passées reconstituées, nous avons montré que des températures élevées expliquent en partie l’occurrence d’esturgeons dans les sites archéologiques mais sans contribuer à expliquer son déclin. Ces résultats suggèrent un impact de l’homme précoce sur les populations d’esturgeons. Cette thèse a permis de synthétiser les connaissances sur les poissons diadromes concernant leur distribution géographique à diverses échelles de temps et d’espace, et de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur diversité et de leur vulnérabilité. / Diadromous species exhibit a life-cycle implying migrations between freshwater and ocean. Diadromy is observed in many fish lineages suggesting that adaptive traits are associated with this strategy such as better dispersal ability and more efficient tracking of the spatio-temporal variability of the environment. One of the hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the evolution and persistence of diadromy states that the purpose of migrations is to select environmental conditions that will optimize pre-reproductive growth. Growing at sea and reproducing in river (anadromy) is supposed to be favored when freshwater primary productivity is lower in freshwater than in the nearby sea. The reverse (growing in freshwater, reproducing in ocean; catadromy) is expected when productivity is higher in sea than in freshwater. According to our study, conducted at a global scale, this hypothesis holds true. In addition it is shown that diadromous species are overrepresented in species poor rivers and/or in those that have been open to colonization after the retreat of glaciers after the last glacial maximum. Because of their dispersal ability, diadromous species are also over-represented on oceanic islands. Biodiversity on islands is classical topic of biogeography but yet few studies have dealt with freshwater fishes. In our study of fish communities from the Polynesian islands, we demonstrate the generality of a model initially built to explain terrestrial biodiversity on oceanic islands. As predicted by this model, species richness peaks at peaks at intermediate island age. Also revealed by our results are a positive relationship between island elevation and species richness and a decrease in species richness as the distance from the nearest biodiversity hotspot increases. Diadromy has been a successful strategy over geologic times but in face to human activities it seems to contribute to extinction proneness, as exemplified by the numerous diadromous species red listed by IUCN. Paradoxically, our study about the biological and ecological traits shared by the freshwater fishes that have been recently globally extinct does not suggest that diadromy has been a major factor. This study points to endemism and restricted geographic range size as the major determinants of extinction. It seems that because of their dispersal abilities, diadromous species tend to have widespread historical distributions and, even if many species are declining, this prevented most of them from being entirely extirpated. This is well exemplified by the European sturgeon (Asipenser sturio), formerly widely distributed over Europe and now restricted to one reproducing population in the Garonne River, because of dramatic population collapses after 1850. To have a better idea of the fate of this species before 1850, we analyzed archaeozoological records. According to our analyses, sturgeons started to decline a long time ago, about 2500 years ago. Using reconstructed past temperatures, our analyses show that a high temperature increases the probability of finding this species in archeological remains but cannot explain entirely the observed decline. This suggests that human activities impacted sturgeon populations well before the industrial revolution. This thesis by synthesizing species occurrence data over different spatial and temporal scales contributed to a better knowledge about the diversity and vulnerability of diadromous fishes.

O presente estudo descreve a composição, densidade e a variação temporal, espacial e nictemeral das larvas de crustáceos decápodes e estomatópodes das águas de superfície do arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. As expedições ao arquipélago foram realizadas em abril, agosto e novembro de 2003, março de 2004 e maio de 2005. Os arrastos de plâncton foram horizontais e de superfície, realizados pela manhã e ao anoitecer, na enseada e a aproximadamente 150, 700 e 1500 m de distância do arquipélago. Foram identificadas 51 táxons de decápodes e 6 de estomatópodes. Novas ocorrências incluem sete espécies, oito gêneros e a presença de indivíduos das famílias Oplophoridae, Pandalidae, Scyllaridae e Portunidae. A densidade larval média variou de zero a 150,2 ± 69,6 indivíduos · 100 m-3 nas águas ao redor do arquipélago e de 1,7 ± 3,0 a 12.827,1 ± 15.072,9 indivíduos · 100 m-3 na enseada. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas na densidade larval entre os meses e períodos de coleta, mas não entre as distâncias de 150, 700 e 1500 m. A frequência de ocorrência e a densidade média de cada táxon identificado variaram entre os meses, períodos e locais de amostragem. Os resultados sugerem que a enseada e as águas ao redor do arquipélago são diferentes em termos de composição, densidade, e diversidade larval. / The present study describes the composition, density and the temporal, diel and spatial distribution of decapod and stomatopod larvae present in surface waters of Saint Paul\'s Rocks. The expeditions to the archipelago were carried out in April, August and November of 2003, March of 2004 and May of 2005. Surface plankton samples were collected during the morning and dusk, inside the bay and in stations 150, 700 and 1500 m away from the archipelago. The identification resulted in 51 decapod and 6 stomatopod larvae. Seven species, eight genera and individuals belonging to the families Oplophoridae, Pandalidae, Scyllaridae and Oplophoridae were identified for the first time in the area. The mean larval density varied from zero to 150,2 ± 69,6 individuals · 100 m-3 in the waters around the archipelago and from 1,7 ± 3,0 to 12.827,1 ± 15.072,9 individuals · 100 m-3 inside the bay. Significant differences in larval density were verified between months and day periods, but not among different distances from the archipelago. The results suggest that the bay and the waters around the archipelago are different in terms of larval composition, density and diversity.

As comunidades bentônicas concentram a maior parcela da biodiversidade marinha e constituem um elemento essencial da estrutura dos ecossistemas marinhos como um todo. São vários os fatores que influenciam na dinâmica bentônica, como interações competitivas, reprodução, aporte de nutrientes, temperatura, entre outros. Esses fatores regem o funcionamento da comunidade e alterações desses padrões, como pesca e poluição, podem induzir mudanças de fase. Ainda assim, é possível que mudanças de fase façam parte da dinâmica natural, a partir de fenômenos que agem em escalas de tempo maiores. Por esse motivo, torna-se bastante difícil indicar quais fatores podem suscitar mudanças lentas que culminem em diferenças importantes na estrutura das comunidades. Portanto, se fazem necessários estudos de variações temporais de longo prazo para melhor entendimento desses padrões naturais e das mudanças nesses padrões, que podem afetar o funcionamento e a resiliência do ecossistema. Esse tipo de estudo ainda é escasso para ilhas oceânicas brasileiras, sendo mais frequentes estudos de caracterização e de curto prazo. Dada a importância desse tipo de pesquisa, o presente trabalho é o primeiro para a comunidade bentônica recifal de uma série de estudos de longo prazo na ilha da Trindade, e integra o \"Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração das Comunidades Recifais das ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras\" (PELD-ILOC), com objetivo central de analisar a dinâmica espaço-temporal da comunidade bentônica da ilha da Trindade e descrever sua composição entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. Para tal, foram demarcados quatro sítios em torno da ilha, com três transecções de 20 metros de comprimento em cada um, amostrando uma transecção por profundidade com 10 fotoquadrados em cada transecção. A cobertura bentônica foi avaliada por meio do software CPCe, com identificação dos organismos até o menor nível taxonômico possível, sendo posteriormente agrupados em grupos morfofuncionais. No geral, a comunidade bentônica da ilha da Trindade no período analisado foi dominada por macroalgas (Caulerpa sp., Canistrocarpus cervicornis e Jania sp.), turf e algas calcárias crostosas (Peyssonnelia sp.) e apresenta diferença significativa entre sítios e anos, porém não apresenta diferenças significativas entre as profundidades analisadas. Apesar do dinamismo natural dessas comunidades, foi possível observar diminuição da abundância de organismos bioconstrutores em 2016, que pode ter ocorrido devido ao El-Niño registrado no mesmo período. O ano de 2017 foi o que menos se assemelhou com os demais, apresentando aumento na riqueza, maior diversidade, maior relação entre sítios, grande crescimento na abundância de algas calcárias crostosas e mudança de dominância dentro do grupo de macroalgas, com a substituição da macroalga Caulerpa sp. pela macroalga calcária articulada Jania sp.. Para explicar essas alterações, assim como suas consequências, é necessária a continuação do presente monitoramento, incluindo novas abordagens e metodologias, integrando análises de variáveis físico-químicas e padronização nos estudos para possíveis comparações, o que ajudaria a compreender melhor o comportamento da comunidade bentônica insular oceânica brasileira no geral e responder questões que só podem ser elucidadas a longo prazo. / Benthic communities host a major fraction of the marine biodiversity, being an essential component in the structure of marine ecosystems. There are several factors that influence the benthic dynamics, such as competitive interactions, reproduction, nutrient, temperature, etc. These factors control the functioning of the community and changes in these patterns can induce phase shifts. Nevertheless, it is possible that phase shifts are part of the natural dynamics, from phenomena that act on larger time scales. So, it is very difficult to indicate which factors can lead to slow changes that affect the structure of communities. Therefore, studies of long-term temporal variations are needed to better understand changes in those patterns that may affect the functioning and resilience of the ecosystem. This kind of study is still scarce for Brazilian oceanic islands, with more frequent characterization and short-term assessments. Hence, the present work is the first one for the benthic reef community of a series of long-term studies in the Trindade Island, and integrates the \"Long-term Ecological Research Program of the Reef Communities of the Brazilian Oceanic Islands\" (in Portuguese Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração das Comunidades Recifais das Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras - PELD-ILOC). The present study describes and does a spatio-temporal analysis of the reef benthic community of Trindade Island, assessing the substrate cover dynamics of four sites from 2013 to 2017. Each site was sampled at three depth ranges, with three transects and ten photoquadrats in each transect. Benthic coverage was analyzed using the CPCe software, with organisms identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and later grouped into morphofunctional groups. In general, the benthic community of Trindade Island during the analyzed period was dominated by macroalgae (Caulerpa sp., Canistrocarpus cervicornis and Jania sp.), turf and crustose coralline algae (Peyssonnelia sp.) The results showed significant changes among sites and years, however did not show significant changes among depths. Despite the natural dynamism of these communities, it was possible to observe a decrease in the abundance of bioconstructors in the 2016 expedition, which may have occurred because to El-Niño during the same period. The year 2017 was the most different when compared to others years, with an increase in species richness, but also greater diversity, greater similarity among sites, and a pronounced growth in the abundance of crustose coralline algae. In the same year a change in the dominant species was also observed, with the substitution of the macroalgae Caulerpa sp. by the articulated coralline algae Jania sp.. It is important to continue the present monitoring in order to determine the main causes and consequences of these structural changes, including new approaches and methodologies, integrating abiotic variables and standardization in the studies for possible future comparisons, which would help to better understand the behavior of the Brazilian insular benthic oceanic community in general and answer questions that can only be elucidated in the long term.

Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1998. / Includes bibliographic references (p. 77-83). / This thesis presents an investigation of the influence of surface waves on momentum exchange. A quantitative comparison of direct covariance friction velocity measurements to bulk aerodynamic and inertial dissipation estimates indicates that both indirect methods systematically underestimate the momentum flux into developing seas. To account for wave-induced processes and yield improved flux estimates, modifications to the traditional flux parameterizations are explored. Modification to the bulk aerodynamic method involves incorporating sea state dependence into the roughness length calculation. For the inertial dissipation method, a new parameterization for the dimensionless dissipation rate is proposed. The modifications lead to improved momentum flux estimates for both methods. / by Michiko J. Martin. / S.M.

Fire is a natural process that has existed on our planet for more than ~350 million years, and is a process that continues to influence our everyday lives. On Earth, a relationship exists between the process of combustion and the natural functioning of the Earth system. Here, the process of combustion has been implicated in playing an essential role for life on Earth, where natural Earth system processes have been shown to influence ignition probability, fire spread and fire behaviour, and where fire can provide a variety of feedbacks, to the Earth system over different timescales. Over medium timescales of decades to hundreds of thousands of years, the likelihood and behaviour of fires are controlled by regional climate changes and vegetation type, whilst the occurrence of fire can play a crucial role in influencing biome persistence and development. Over long timescales (hundreds of thousands to multi-million year), the components influencing the probability of fire and fire behaviour not only involve processes occurring over local and regional spatial scales, and over short and medium timescales, but also long term processes occurring globally, such as changes in atmospheric oxygen concentration and the evolution of vegetation. Across these timescales in Earth’s past, combustion has been shown to impact global ecosystems, climate and the carbon cycle by generating feedbacks that influence Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. However, it is clear that our understanding of the role that fire plays in the Earth system, although improving is still developing. This thesis provides an analysis of these Earth system - fire relationships and feedbacks across medium and long timescales in deep time, in order to understand the role that fire may have played and what the record of fire can tell us about the functioning and re-equilibrating of the Earth system during and after significant carbon-cycle perturbation events occurring in Earth’s deep past. The results presented in this thesis contribute what is believed to be the first fossil evidence that rising atmospheric oxygen and fire feedbacks may have aided in the termination of a significant carbon-cycle perturbation event, termed the ‘Toarcian oceanic anoxic event’ that occurred ~183 million years ago during the Jurassic period, and the return of the Earth system towards ‘background functioning’. This thesis also provides an analysis of the record of wildfire in the form of fossil charcoal across the initiation of an anoxic event that occurred ~93 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period. The results illustrate that CO2 - climate driven changes in wildfire activity can be observed across medium timescales even during times of significant carbon-cycle perturbations, and modelled high atmospheric oxygen concentrations. These results illustrate how hypothesized changes in the hydrological cycle, and likely moisture content of fuel, appear to be the dominant control on wildfire activity during this period. Finally, this thesis provides an analysis of charcoal abundance variations occurring across natural, orbitally forced cycles, termed the Milankovitch cycles. The results presented illustrate that natural variations in charcoal abundance are possible over intermediate timescales within the geological record. This thesis therefore illustrates a need to take into consideration and incorporate ‘natural background’ fluctuations in fire activity occurring over medium timescales, when analysing and predicting past and future climate change patterns.

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a renewable ocean energy material selection methodology for use in FAU's Ocean Energy Projects. A detailed and comprehensive literature review has been performed concerning all relevant material publications and forms the basis of the developed method. A database of candidate alloys has been organized and is used to perform case study material selections to validate the developed fuzzy logic approach. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to aid in the selection of materials that will ensure the successful performance of renewable ocean energy projects so that clean and renewable energy becomes a reality for all. / by Donald Anthony Welling. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Estevam Cipriano Araujo de Lima.pdf: 1780691 bytes, checksum: 6d96c61393940933aac44c66940be196 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / The terrestrial fauna on oceanic islands is highly vulnerability and diversity particular due to the geographical limited and unique space. Conservation Strategies of island must be strict to ensure the maintenance of diversity. The recognition of distribution patterns of diversity is important to determine the appropriate spatial scales for the development of conservation strategies biogeographic. This work, by partitioning the diversity of Collembola in Oceanic Islands of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, we present the distribution pattern the diversity of arthropods and also described a new species of Collembola endemic to this island environment. This work was structured in three chapters. In the first we present the state of the art, the objectives (general and specific), hypothesis, inquiry and characterization of the study area. The remaining chapters were developed in article format, respecting the proposed by the respective magazines format. The second chapter presents a study on the spatial distribution of Collembola, which determine the appropriate scale for the conservation of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha and will be submitted for Diversity and Distributions ( IF 6.122 ) magazine and third present the first species of collembola endemic and restricted the sandy strand of the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha published in The Florida Entomologist (IF 1.163 ) in December 2013 (volume 96 , pages 1579-1587) titled " A New Species of Isotogastrura (Collembola : Isotogastruridae) from Northeastern Brazil " (PALACIOS - VARGAS et al., 2013) . / A fauna terrestre em ilhas oceânicas apresenta alta vulnerabilidade e diversidade particular, devido ao espaço geográfico restrito e único. As estratégias de conservação dos ambientes insulares devem ser rigorosas para garantir a manutenção da diversidade. O reconhecimento dos padrões de distribuição da diversidade é importante para determinar as escalas espaciais apropriadas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação biogeográfica. No presente trabalho, através do particionamento da diversidade de Collembola em Ilhas Oceânicas do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha, apresentamos o padrão de distribuição da diversidade destes artrópodes e também descrevemos uma nova espécie de Collembola endêmica deste ambiente insular. Este trabalho foi estruturado em três capítulos. No primeiro apresentamos o estado da arte, os objetivos (gerais e específicos), hipótese, pergunta e a caracterização da área de estudo. Os demais capítulos foram desenvolvidos em formato de artigo, respeitando o formato proposto pelas respectivas revistas. O segundo capítulo traz um estudo sobre a distribuição espacial de Collembola, onde determinamos a escala apropriada para a conservação do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha e será submetido à revista Diversity and Distributions (IF 6.122) e no terceiro apresentamos a primeira espécie de collembola endêmica e restrita ao cordão arenoso do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha publicado na revista The Florida Entomologist (IF 1.163) em dezembro de 2013 (volume 96, páginas 1579-1587) intitulado A New Species Of Isotogastrura (Collembola: Isotogastruridae) From Northeastern Brazil (PALACIOSVARGAS et al., 2013).

O presente estudo descreve a composição, densidade e a variação temporal, espacial e nictemeral das larvas de crustáceos decápodes e estomatópodes das águas de superfície do arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. As expedições ao arquipélago foram realizadas em abril, agosto e novembro de 2003, março de 2004 e maio de 2005. Os arrastos de plâncton foram horizontais e de superfície, realizados pela manhã e ao anoitecer, na enseada e a aproximadamente 150, 700 e 1500 m de distância do arquipélago. Foram identificadas 51 táxons de decápodes e 6 de estomatópodes. Novas ocorrências incluem sete espécies, oito gêneros e a presença de indivíduos das famílias Oplophoridae, Pandalidae, Scyllaridae e Portunidae. A densidade larval média variou de zero a 150,2 ± 69,6 indivíduos · 100 m-3 nas águas ao redor do arquipélago e de 1,7 ± 3,0 a 12.827,1 ± 15.072,9 indivíduos · 100 m-3 na enseada. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas na densidade larval entre os meses e períodos de coleta, mas não entre as distâncias de 150, 700 e 1500 m. A frequência de ocorrência e a densidade média de cada táxon identificado variaram entre os meses, períodos e locais de amostragem. Os resultados sugerem que a enseada e as águas ao redor do arquipélago são diferentes em termos de composição, densidade, e diversidade larval. / The present study describes the composition, density and the temporal, diel and spatial distribution of decapod and stomatopod larvae present in surface waters of Saint Paul\'s Rocks. The expeditions to the archipelago were carried out in April, August and November of 2003, March of 2004 and May of 2005. Surface plankton samples were collected during the morning and dusk, inside the bay and in stations 150, 700 and 1500 m away from the archipelago. The identification resulted in 51 decapod and 6 stomatopod larvae. Seven species, eight genera and individuals belonging to the families Oplophoridae, Pandalidae, Scyllaridae and Oplophoridae were identified for the first time in the area. The mean larval density varied from zero to 150,2 ± 69,6 individuals · 100 m-3 in the waters around the archipelago and from 1,7 ± 3,0 to 12.827,1 ± 15.072,9 individuals · 100 m-3 inside the bay. Significant differences in larval density were verified between months and day periods, but not among different distances from the archipelago. The results suggest that the bay and the waters around the archipelago are different in terms of larval composition, density and diversity.