This dissertation focuses on examining the significance of the Qatar University campus as designed by its architect Kamal El Kafrawi. The study takes on a multi-perspective view. The underlying and unifying approach is based on Amos Rapoport's concept of the meaning of the built environment. Rapoport is an architect and scholar, and founder of the field of Environment-Behavior Studies (EBS). Rapoport's early work contrasts 'high culture' design by architects that tends to be self-referential with 'vernacular' buildings by non-architects that respond and speak directly to its users.1 However, I propose to consider El Kafrawi's approach as an exemplary case of bringing both of those aspects together to create an environment that allows buildings (primarily students and faculty) to unfold layers of meaningfulness that the architect intended through a very culturally-sensitive design. This study thus seeks to unearth the meanings associated with the various spaces of the campus areas as built by El Kafrawi and as perceived by its users. The purpose of the project is to find answers to the question, "In what ways and on what basis do people react with their environments, and what meanings and character do those environments develop?"2 Rapoport stresses the meaningfulness of an environment as a key factor that allows inhabitants to feel connected to a place. Author Norberg-Schulz conceptualizes the meaningfulness of the built environment through his theory of Genius Loci as a place with meaning, identity, and history providing a phenomenal or total architectural experience. As per the author, if we consider the physical and symbolic values of the environment, it leads to engagement of human senses at a holistic level - the constructing and construing of architecture. Rapoport outlines a direct approach for the analysis and study of a built environment starting with an assumption that social and cultural factors are the most influential in a built environment. Based on the same concept, the study will critically look at the built environment as designed by El Kafrawi, whether it provides a harmonious blend of culture, traditions, religion, and technology, and whether the amalgamation gives the campus a special meaning and character worthy of the concept of genius loci. Thus, the study aims to unearth the meanings of the thoughtfully designed campus buildings to expose the underlying meaningfulness of the built environment. Rapoport has conducted various studies on the relationships between culture and architecture, notably concerning the influence of environment and behavior, leading to finding the meanings of the environment. He has sought to construct a unified theory on this subject. Rapoport's methods and views will be utilized to identify and investigate the context of this relationship. Based on Rapoport's model, the study will use a three-step approach consisting of dismantling, analyzing, and synthesizing. Firstly, the concepts of culture and the built environment will be identified and dismantled into variables and components according to Rapoport's approach. Then the relationship of these variables with the components and the relationships between the components will be analyzed. Finally, the dismantled and analyzed variables will be gathered and synthesized. Their interrelationships and their ties will be established to understand the significant linkages between forms and their cultural contexts. Integrated with this methodology, the study will look at the meanings of individual design elements from various perspectives and then their integration as a whole to form the character of the built environment. / Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation explores the Qatar University campus and its significance as designed by architect Kamal El Kafrawi, using a multi-perspective approach based on Amos Rapoport's concept of the meaning of the built environment. Rapoport's idea is that the true meaningfulness of a building is discovered through living with it. The study aims to show how 'living with' the Qatar campus allows inhabitants of the buildings (mainly students and faculty) to unfold layers of meaningfulness that the architect intended in the design of the campus through a very culturally-sensitive design. The study seeks to unearth the meanings associated with the various spaces of the campus areas as built by El Kafrawi and as perceived by its users. The purpose of the project is to find answers to the question, "In what ways and on what basis do people react with their environments, and what meanings and character do those environments develop?" Rapoport's methods and views will be utilized to identify and investigate the context of this relationship. The study will use a three-step approach consisting of dismantling of the designed spaces of the campus, analyzing them, and synthesizing the findings to understand the significant linkages between the designed forms and their cultural contexts. Integrated with this methodology, the study will look at the meanings of these design elements from various perspectives and then their integration as a whole to form the character of the Qatar UniversityCampus. Overall, the dissertation examines how the Qatar University campus reflects a fusion of both contemporary practices and traditional culture through El Kafrawi's approach, bringing together both aspects to create an environment that reflects the meanings and character of the built environment in a culturally-sensitive way. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between culture and architecture and how this relationship can be utilized to create a meaningful built environment.

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This master‘s thesis is a journey of generating a prototype evaluation tool for Sparbanken Rekarne, the aim was to contribute to the emerging field as an innovation and design and specifically pre-project management. The major stakeholder was Sparbanken Rekarne AB, they needed an innovation model and the research question formulated was: What are the perspectives and the process of an early stage tool for evaluating innovation project ideas? ‘The approach was gathering theoretical knowledge in the development of the evaluation tool using a systematic literature review. The theoretical knowledge building was done by carrying out a systematic literature review to inspect different credible evaluation tool to use. Focusing specifically on pre-project evaluation tools, a knowledge gap (Gap spotting) was soon discovered after reviewing some pre-project evaluation tools. Firstly needed to see what pre-project evaluation tools are available. One stood out with stages and that ended being the main inspiration for the early-stage evaluation tool. Still basing the tool on theoretical knowledge, the solution was to hybridizing existing pre-project evaluation tools and tools already developed. Merging interactive research with Agile principals was how the information was gathered and how the project was planned. The data gathered was dissected and used in developing the evaluation tool. Purpose of the pre-project evaluation tool is to bring clarity for Sparbanken Rekarne in making decisions about choosing pre-projects to invest in. This master‘s thesis gives a detailed description of how to implement the Early-stage evaluation tool (Chapter 4) from a Sparbanken Rekarne developer‘s perspective. Results, a contribution to innovation and design, specifically pre-project management. The early-stage evaluation tool can maturate idea‘s into concept pre-project that are measured. Involvement with all stakeholder makes sure the pre-projects entering the project planning phase has a market.

Actualmente se encuentra en vigencia en Perú la ley Nº 30021, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la salud de la población mediante la promoción de una alimentación saludable, reduciendo las enfermedades vinculadas con sobrepeso y obesidad, mediante octógonos en los alimentos en base a parámetros de grasas saturadas y azúcar; asimismo, existe una tendencia hacia una alimentación saludable en el consumidor peruano. Ice Fit es una paleta de helado artesanal y saludable, sin octógonos debido a su bajo contenido en grasas saturadas y en azúcar, con ingredientes novoandinos y superfood resultando beneficiosos para la salud, con entrega mediante delivery. Ice fit busca posicionarse en el mercado de los centros empresariales del distrito de Surco, en Lima. Nuestro mercado objetivo está conformado por 25,280 personas, de las cuales 16,881 consumirían helados saludables. Se ha asumido un 30% de captura. La estrategia de Ice Fit es diferenciarse por la ausencia de octógonos en toda su línea manteniendo un muy buen sabor y textura con el uso de ingredientes novoandinos y superfood valorados por el cliente al ser la entrega del producto por delivery de manera gratuita y sin condicionar un pedido mínimo. El análisis financiero para una inversión inicial de S/. 154,026 proyectada a cinco años, muestra indicadores de rentabilidad como un valor actual neto (VAN) de S/. 37,857 y una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 14.7%, estos valores concluyen que el proyecto es viable y rentable. / Currently, Law No. 30021 is in force in Peru, whose objective is to improve the health of the population by promoting healthy eating, reducing diseases related to overweight and obesity, using octagons in food based on parameters of: saturated fat and sugar. Likewise, there is a trend towards healthy eating in the Peruvian consumer. Ice Fit is an artisanal and healthy ice cream palette, without octagons due to its low content in saturated fat and sugar, with Novo-Andean ingredients and superfood resulting in health benefits, delivered by delivery. Ice fit seeks to position itself in the market of the business centers of the Surco district, in Lima. Our target market is made up of 25,280 people, of which 16,881 would consume healthy ice cream. 30% catch has been assumed. Ice Fit's strategy is to differentiate itself by the absence of octagons throughout its line, maintaining a very good flavor and texture with the use of Novo-Andean ingredients and superfoods valued by the customer as the product is delivered by free delivery and without conditioning a minimum order. The financial analysis for an initial investment of S /. 154,026 projected over five years, shows profitability indicators as a net present value (NPV) of S /. 37,857 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 14.7%, these values conclude that the project is viable and profitable. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of the Diploma thesis is the project documentation for the execution of the administrative building. This is an administrative building located on the outskirts of Letohrad. The building consists of one section that has three above-ground floors and one section that has only one above-ground floor. The building is used for administration, trade and storage. For administrative work is designed the three-storey part of the building and single-storey part of the building is designated for trade and storage. The main entrances to the building are located on its west side and the next entrances to the building is located on its southern side and northern side. The building is based on foundation strips and pads of plain concrete. The building is designed from a masonry structural system made of concrete blocks made of lightweight concrete and the third floor is partly designed as a timber structure made of wooden KVH squared timber. The ceiling structures are designed from prestressed ceiling panels. Roof structure above the main part of the building is designed two-stage pitched roof octagon shape and the roof above the single-storey part of the building is designed as warm flat extensive green roof.

La presente tesis se centra en el estudio de la decisión de compra de la generación millennials de la zona 2 de Lima Metropolitana con el conocimiento que estos tienen sobre los sellos de advertencia octogonales, con ello comprobar la relación existente entre estas dos variables. Los octógonos son etiquetas de advertencias que brindan al consumidor información respecto al producto que está comprando o desea comprar. Desde hace un año se implementaron acciones para persuadir al consumidor con respecto a la alimentación y los cuidados de la salud que una persona debe tener, por lo que a mediados de junio se incluyeron advertencias octogonales en los productos procesados, los cuales son ayuda visual para el consumidor y de información con respecto al componente que mayor daño puede ocasionar con el consumo excesivo que a largo plazo trae enfermedades no transmisibles. Actualmente, los millennials realizan sus compras considerando o no estas imágenes, pero al momento de comprar una gaseosa ¿Cómo reconocer si su decisión de compra cambia cuando este lleva o no un octógono? Es por eso por lo que se estudiará el comportamiento del consumidor y lo que representa todos los factores que participan para decidir qué comprar, así como saber que tan importante y creíble consideran estos sellos y las afirmaciones que acompañan. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación de alcance descriptivo y correlacional a un tamaño de muestra de 385 personas con el fin de encontrar el grado de correlación entre el conocimiento y la intención de compra. / This thesis focuses on the study of the purchase decision of millennial generation, in zone 2 of the Metropolitan City of Lima, according to the knowledge they have about octagonal warning stamps, in order to prove the relationship between these two variables. Octagons are warning labels that provide consumers information regarding the product they are buying or want to buy. Since 2018, actions have been implemented to persuade the consumer regarding food and health care that a person should have, so in mid-June octagonal warnings were included in processed products, which are visual aids for the consumer and information regarding the component that in case of excessive consumption, can cause damage which, in the long term, brings diseases. Currently, millennials make their purchases considering (or not) the aids, but when they have to buy a soft drink, how to recognize if your purchase decision changes when it carries an octagon or not? That is why we will study consumer behavior and the representation of all the factors involved in the decision making process, as well as knowing how important and credible they consider these stamps and the accompanying statements. Therefore, a descriptive and correlational research was carried out at a sample size of 385 people in order to find the degree of correlation between knowledge and purchase intention. / Tesis

A large software system is built by composing multiple programs, possibly developed independently. The component programs communicate by sharing data. Data sharing involves creation of instances of the shared data by one program, called the producer, and its interpretation by another program, called the consumer. Valid instances of shared data and their correct interpretation is usually specified by a protocol or a standard that governs the communication. If a consumer misinterprets or does not handle some instances of data produced by a producer, it is called as a data compatibility bug. Such bugs manifest as various forms of runtime errors that are difficult to find and fix. In this work, we define various compatibility relations, between both producer-consumer programs and version-related programs, that characterize various subtle requirements for correct sharing of data. We design and implement a static analysis to infer types and guards over elements of shared data and the results are used for automatic compatibility checking. As case studies, we consider two widely used shared data-the TIFF structure, used to store TIFF directory attributes in memory, and IEEE 802. 11 MAC frame header which forms the layer 2 header in Wireless LAN communication. We analyze and check compatibility of 6 pairs of producer-consumer programs drawn from the transmit-receive code of Linux WLAN drivers of 3 different vendors. In the setting of version-related programs, we analyze a total of 48 library and utility routines of 2 pairs of TIFF image library (libtiff) versions. We successfully identify 5 known bugs and 1 new bug. For two of known bugs, bug fixes are available and we verify that they resolve the compatibility issues.

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British influence on the diplomacy of WWII, as it relates to postwar planning, is underappreciated. This work explores how the use of astute tactical maneuvering allowed Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden to impact the development of the post-war world in a greater degree than is typically portrayed in the narratives of the war. Detailing how the study of business negotiations can provide new insights into diplomatic history, Yalta exposes Britain’s impact on the creation of the post-war order through analyzing the diplomacy of WWII as a negotiation. To depict WWII post-war planning diplomacy as a negotiation means that the Yalta Conference of 1945 must be the focal point of said diplomacy with all the negotiations either flowing to or from the conference. This analysis reveals that Britain harnessed the natural momentum of the negotiation process to create bilateral understandings that protected or advanced their interests in ways that should not have been afforded the weakest party in the Grand Alliance. By pursuing solutions to the major wartime issues first and most stridently through the use of age-old British diplomatic tactics, they were able to enter into understandings with another member of the Grand Alliance prior to the tripartite conferences. Creating bilateral understandings with the Americans on the direction of military operations and the Soviets over the European settlement produced the conditions under which the tripartite negotiations transpired. Options available to the excluded party were thus limited, allowing for outcomes that aligned more favorably to British interests. A synthesis of diplomatic documents, diaries, and memoirs with historical writings as well as research on business and international negotiations brings to life the diplomatic encounters that led to the creation of the post-war order. To provide the reader a basis for analysis of wartime diplomacy, this work is broken down into two parts. Part I focuses on the strategies created for Yalta. Part II (future doctoral dissertation) will use these strategies to evaluate the performances of each party. Combined the two parts expose that British diplomatic maneuverings is an undervalued aspect of wartime diplomacy.