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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In early 1870, Machado de Assis translated part of Oliver Twist, a novel by Charles Dickens (LÍSIAS, 2002). Although unfinished, since the Brazilian writer stopped his contribution at chapter twenty-eight, this translation presents particularities, which are worth being analysed. It is especially noticeable the French mediation in the translation of the Dickensian novel into Portuguese as well as the manipulation of the narrative, which remodelled the novel (MASSA, 1965). Recent studies approached the issue to a limited extent, mainly for not regarding the implications of both major and minor adjustments promoted by Machado. Hence, this study has a two-fold purpose: a) to investigate the route of Oliver Twist to Brazil, through the analysis of the relation between the English editions of this novel, the French translation made by Alfred Gérardin and the Brazilian translation by Machado de Assis; b) to analyse in detail the procedures adopted by the Brazilian writer while translating Dickens novel and discuss their implications for the narrative structure. The (re)writing of Oliver Twist seems to have encompassed, so as to say, a process of selection of repertoire and formal reorganisation of the narrative, which appears to respond to the specificity of nineteenth-century Brazilian context of reception. / No início de 1870, Machado de Assis traduziu parte do romance Oliver Twist, de Charles Dickens (LÍSIAS, 2002). Mesmo inconclusa, dado que o escritor brasileiro encerrou sua contribuição no capítulo vinte e oito, essa tradução apresenta particularidades de grande interesse analítico. É especialmente notável a mediação francesa no processo tradutório do romance dickensiano para o português, bem como a manipulação da narrativa, que remodelou o romance (MASSA, 1965). Estudos recentes abordaram a questão de modo limitado, principalmente por não considerarem as implicações dos ajustes, sejam eles grandes ou pequenos, promovidos por Machado. Em vista disso, este estudo tem o duplo objetivo de: a) investigar o percurso de Oliver Twist até o Brasil, analisando a relação entre as edições inglesas desse romance, a tradução francesa de Alfred Gérardin e a brasileira de Machado de Assis; b) analisar em detalhe os procedimentos adotados pelo escritor brasileiro ao traduzir o romance de Dickens, bem como discutir suas implicações na estrutura narrativa. A (re)escrita de Oliver Twist teria implicado, por assim dizer, um processo de seleção de repertório e reorganização formal da narrativa, que responderia à especificidade do contexto de recepção do Brasil oitocentista.

This thesis looks at the criminals of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist as a criminal type: impoverished, unattractive people who lack family roots. It establishes connections between the criminal characters themselves as well as the real-world conditions which inspired their stereotypes. The conditions of poverty and a lack of family being tied to criminality is founded in reality, while the tendency for criminals to be unattractive is based on social bias and prejudice. It also identifies conflicting ideologies in the prevailing Victorian mindset that begins to emerge as a result of research into the criminal type.

Oliver Twist is a novel loved by many, read by more. It is a classic novel by Charles Dickens, portraying the life and hardships of a young boy named Oliver Twist, who was born in a work house. Oliver is bright and righteous, the exact opposite of his brother Edward “Monks” Leeford. This essay will follow Oliver and Monks and analyse their characters in the light of the literary hero and the literary villain and in doing so see how Dickens use the characters as literary tools to convey his view of a dark, uncaring Victorian society as well as his hopes for a brighter future. Their strong characteristics make way for a fascinating story, a story that do not only tell us about Oliver’s bravery and Monks’ egoism, but one that do also prove that they are characters created by Dickens to show both the Victorian society that he lived in as well as the society that it could become.

I denna uppsats genomför vi en komparativ textanalys av Charles Dickens verk om Oliver Twist och vi använder oss av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Verken vi har jämför är en översatt kapitelbok, Oliver Twist (2001) med en adapterad bilderbok, Oliver Twist (2019). Uppsatsens syfte är undersöka vad som har förändrats i de olika versionerna, där vi fokuserar på berättelsens intrig och karaktärer. Analysens resultat visar att detaljer i både händelser och karaktärer har reducerats men att bilderna i adaptionen bidrar med mycket av berättandet. Vidare används analysens resultat i en didaktisk diskussion för beskriva hur båda böckerna kan användas kombinerat i ett undervisningssammanhang för att utveckla elevers läsförståelse

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 H86 / Master of Science

This dissertation explores the ways in which Charles Dickens writes Nancy in Oliver Twist, Anthony Trollope writes Carry Brattle in The Vicar of Bullhampton, and Elizabeth Gaskell writes Esther in Mary Barton to represent and examine some very personal and painful anxiety. About Dickens and Trollope, I contend that they turn their experiences of shame into their prostitute's shame. For Gaskell, I assert that the experience she projects onto her prostitute is that of her own maternal grief in isolation. Further, I argue that these authors self-consciously create biographical parallels between themselves and their prostitutes with an eye to drawing conclusions about the results of their anxieties, both for their prostitutes and, by proxy, for themselves. In Chapter II, I assert that in Nancy, Dickens writes himself and his sense of shame at his degradation and exploitation in Warren's Blacking Factory. This shame resulted in a Dickens divided, split between his successful, public persona and his secret, mortifying shame. Both shame and its divisiveness he represents in a number of ways in Nancy. In Chapter III, I contend that Trollope laces Carry Brattle with some of his own biographical details from his early adult years in London. These parallels signify Carry's personal importance to her author, and reveal her silences and her subordinate role in the text as representative of Trollope's own understanding and fear of shame and its consequences: its silencing and paralyzing nature, and its inescapability. In Chapter IV, I posit that Gaskell identifies herself with Esther, and that through her, Gaskell explores three personal things: her sorrow over the loss of not one but three of her seven children, her possible guilt over these deaths, and her emotional isolation in her marriage as she grieved alone. In her creation of Esther, Gaskell creates a way both to isolate her grief and to forge a close companion to share it, thus enabling her to examine and work through grief. In Chapter V, I examine the preface of each novel and find that these, too, reflect each author's identification with and investment of anxiety in his or her particular prostitute.

This dissertation explores the ways in which Charles Dickens writes Nancy in Oliver Twist, Anthony Trollope writes Carry Brattle in The Vicar of Bullhampton, and Elizabeth Gaskell writes Esther in Mary Barton to represent and examine some very personal and painful anxiety. About Dickens and Trollope, I contend that they turn their experiences of shame into their prostitute's shame. For Gaskell, I assert that the experience she projects onto her prostitute is that of her own maternal grief in isolation. Further, I argue that these authors self-consciously create biographical parallels between themselves and their prostitutes with an eye to drawing conclusions about the results of their anxieties, both for their prostitutes and, by proxy, for themselves. In Chapter II, I assert that in Nancy, Dickens writes himself and his sense of shame at his degradation and exploitation in Warren's Blacking Factory. This shame resulted in a Dickens divided, split between his successful, public persona and his secret, mortifying shame. Both shame and its divisiveness he represents in a number of ways in Nancy. In Chapter III, I contend that Trollope laces Carry Brattle with some of his own biographical details from his early adult years in London. These parallels signify Carry's personal importance to her author, and reveal her silences and her subordinate role in the text as representative of Trollope's own understanding and fear of shame and its consequences: its silencing and paralyzing nature, and its inescapability. In Chapter IV, I posit that Gaskell identifies herself with Esther, and that through her, Gaskell explores three personal things: her sorrow over the loss of not one but three of her seven children, her possible guilt over these deaths, and her emotional isolation in her marriage as she grieved alone. In her creation of Esther, Gaskell creates a way both to isolate her grief and to forge a close companion to share it, thus enabling her to examine and work through grief. In Chapter V, I examine the preface of each novel and find that these, too, reflect each author's identification with and investment of anxiety in his or her particular prostitute.