The diploma thesis analyses the media coverage of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and 1952 in Helsinki in selected Czechoslovakian media. The qualitative content analysis compares the transformation of Olympic coverage in London with Helsinki, especially from an ideological point of view. The thesis begins with a description of the post-war development of Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1952, continues with media development in the same period and through the definition of theoretical concepts - communism, capitalism, ideology, ideological square and methodology - reaches the most extensive part dealing with the British and Finnish Games from the view of the Czechoslovakian press. This part of the thesis is further divided into subchapters according to the topics that were most covered by the Czechoslovakian media at the Games. This is followed by a comparison between the London and Helsinki Games, which, based on examples, describes the ideological transformation of coverage and media content of the Czechoslovakian media between 1948 and 1952.

Title: A long jump at the modern Olympic Games and other international competitions Subtitle: Personalities and records Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to monitor and analyse individual personalities who at modern Olympic Games and other international top competitions (World Championships, European Championships, Diamond League) pushed forward the record in the long jump, both in relation to the development of the jump technique and other factors affecting the discipline. The work deals more with the athletes themselves and their medallions than with the development of the discipline. Methods: The analysis method was used in the work. The analysis was carried out on results in the long jump from 1896, i.e. from the first modern Olympic Games to 2021. The change in the world record and its evolution, as well as the change in its holders, were analysed in the reporting period. Other personalities who made history in the long jump were also followed. Results: Records in the long jump has changed at international competitions depending on changes in training methods, technique, material and external conditions. Keywords: long jump; olympic games; world record; athletics

This diploma thesis named "The media image of the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympic Games in the Czechoslovak contemporary press" follows the media coverage of the XVI. Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne in 1956 and the XVII. Summer Olympics in Rome in 1960, in selected Czechoslovak periodicals. To establish a media image, the diploma thesis utilises a qualitative content analysis, comparing the transformation of Olympic news reporting in Melbourne and Rome. It focuses on media content and its permeation through the communist ideology. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and methodological part. The theoretical part begins with the historical development of Czechoslovakia after 1948, when the Communists seized power, and then characterizes the "melting period". The thesis also inquires into the development of media in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s with an emphasis on media legislation, including the introduction of selected periodicals: Rudé Právo (Red Law), Svobodné slovo (Free Word) and Československý sport (Czechoslovak Sport). The methodological part maps how the Czechoslovak press informed its readers about the Olympic events in Melbourne and in Rome. Both Olympic Games are divided into subchapters according to the topics that most resonated in sports news reporting. The conclusion of the thesis...

Diploma thesis "The GDR and FRG olympic team at the Olympic games in Melbourne in 1956" describes the process of making the united german team, which has begun in 1955 and which was . Thesis deals with the mutual negotiations of both olympic teams and also describes the goals, which the sport officials and politics were trying to reach during the whole process of making the united team. The next part of the thesis deals with the real experience with the united german team at the summer olympic games in Melbourne in 1956 and also tries to answer the question, whether in reality this united german team was not more or less just two autonomous teams, which only had a few visible symbolic things such as clothes and flag together.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como finalidade determinar a concentração em massa, caracterizar quimicamente as espécies presentes e identificar as possíveis fontes das amostras de material particulado (MP10 e MP2,5) coletados em locais com (Gericinó, Lagoa e Copacabana) e sem (Botafogo) a influência dos Jogos Olímpicos, no Rio de Janeiro. As amostras de MP foram disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) referente ao ano de 2016, sendo os meses de julho a setembro considerados como a temporada Olímpica. A caracterização química das amostras foi realizada por ICP-MS e Cromatografia de Íons (CI). Durante a temporada Olímpica, em 2016, foram reduzidos cerca de 26 porcento de MP10, quando comparados aos anos anteriores na mesma época do ano, por outro lado, o MP2,5 não foi reduzido. De todos os íons solúveis em água analisados, as maiores concentrações foram obtidas para o NO3-, SO4 2- e Na positivo nas duas frações de MP. As altas concentrações dos íons NO3 - e SO4 2- sugerem a presença de fontes antropogênicas. A partir do cálculo de nss (non-sea salt) foi possível observar que os íons Ca2 positivo, K positivo e SO4 2- tiveram uma contribuição marinha baixa. Os metais Fe, Cu e Ti foram os majoritários em todas as amostras nas duas frações de MP, enquanto que elementos como Mn, Pb, V e Ni foram detectados como minoritários. Correlações acima de 0,90 foram observadas entre Ti-Mn e Ti-Fe, sugerindo emissões de ressuspensão do solo e fortes correlações entre V-Ni e VPb mostram a influencia veicular como principal fonte. Finalmente, foi possível observar que houve uma influência dos Jogos Olímpicos na concentração em massa e de algumas espécies no MP2,5, enquanto que no MP10 não foi observada qualquer correlação. / [en] The main aim of this work was to determine the mass concentration, chemically characterize the species present and identify the possible sources of samples of particulate matter (PM10 e PM2.5) collected at sites with (Gericinó, Lagoa e Copacabana) and without (Botafogo) the influence of the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. The PM samples were obtained from the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) relative to the year 2016. The Olympic seasons considered were July to September of 2016. The chemical characterization of the samples was performed by ICP-MS and ion chromatography (IC). PM10 during the Olympic period were reduced 26 percent, when compared to previous years at the same time of the year. On the other hand, PM2.5 was not reduced during the Olympic period. Of all the water-soluble ions analyzed, the highest concentrations were obtained for NO3-, SO42- and Na plus in both fractions of PM. High concentrations of NO3 - and SO4 2- suggest the presence of anthropogenic sources. From calculation of non-sea salt was possible to observe that Ca2 plus, K plus and SO4 2- had a low marine contribution. Fe, Cu and Ti were the majority metals of all samples in both fractions of PM, while Mn, Pb, V and Ni were detected as minorities. Correlations above 0.90 are observed between Ti-Mn and Ti-Fe, suggested soil resuspension emissions. Strong correlations coefficients between V-Ni and V-Pb show the vehicular influence as the main source. Finally, it was possible to observe an influence of the Olympic Games in mass concentration and some species in PM2.5, while in PM10 no correlation was observed.

[pt] Este trabalho teve como finalidade o estudo dos níveis da composição química do MP2,5 e MP10 e gases coletados em áreas urbanas-costeiras, a fim de avaliar o impacto dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 e pandemia na qualidade do ar na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostraram o aumento de MP2,5 e MP10 devido às atividades urbanas desenvolvidas durante os Jogos Olímpicos e as obras que ainda estavam sendo realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2016. Em todas as estações as espécies inorgânicas refletiram a influência de aerossóis secundários e contribuições marinhas. As espécies Fe e Cu foram os elementos mais abundantes encontrados nas partículas, detectados principalmente em MP10. As fontes de emissão no MP10 foi obtido através do Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF); quatro fontes de aerossóis foram identificadas nos locais: veicular, spray marinho, formação secundária e um misto de ressuspensão do solo e industrial. Um total de 37 HPA foram determinados e a concentração média da soma dos 16 HPA considerados prioritários representou > 30 %. Para a maioria das estações, a distribuição foi caracterizada pela predominância de compostos com massa molecular entre 252 e 276. Em relação a pandemia, os resultados mostraram que o bloqueio parcial afetou os níveis de poluentes por meio da redução das emissões. Foram observadas a diminuição nos poluentes SO2, NO2 e CO; enquanto houve um aumento na concentração de O3. No geral, o bloqueio parcial contribuiu para a melhoria da qualidade do ar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] This work aimed to study the levels of the chemical composition of PM2.5 and PM10 and gases collected in urban-coastal areas, in order to assess the impact of the Olympic Games and the pandemic on air quality in Rio de Janeiro. The results showed the increase of PM2.5 and PM10 due to urban activities developed during the Olympic Games and the works that were still being carried out in the first half of 2016. In all sites inorganic species reflected the influence of secondary aerosol and marine contributions. The vehicular emitted species Fe and Cu were the most abundant elements found in the particles, mostly detected in PM10. The source apportionment was obtained with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF); four aerosol sources were identified at the sites: vehicular, marine spray, secondary formation and a mix of industrial and soil resuspension. A total of 37 PAHs were analyzed. The average concentration of the 16 PAHs sum considered priority represented > 30 %. For most stations, the distribution was characterized by the predominance of compounds with a mass between 252 and 276. Regarding the pandemic, the results showed that the partial lockdown affected pollutant levels by reducing sources emission. A decrease in SO2, NO2, and CO was observed; while there was an increase in O3 concentration. Thereby, the partial lockdown contributed to improving air quality in Rio de Janeiro City.

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This thesis examines the struggle for equal gender representation in the Olympic swimming and athletics arena. It investigates the relationship in participation and representation between men and women in athletics and swimming from the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896 to Rio de Janeiro in 2016.  When the modern Olympic Games resumed in 1896, they had been recreated by a group of privileged men. These men had created a forum for the aristocratic masculine world and initially had no intention of including women in their creation.  The contemporaries around the turn of the century in 1900 considered women to be weak, inappropriate and that femininity was the exact opposite of everything that the masculine competitive sport represented. Muscle, fitness and sweat were not something that the weak female bodies would be associated with. Man was created for the public sphere and woman for the home domains. The sports movement was a mirror of the prevailing privileged upper-class society and came to conform to the prevailing social and culturally constructed norms that were prevalent in the meantime. The women made a first breakthrough in the masculine sports sphere in the early 20th century and then they managed to make a real breakthrough in the 1920s. This created concern among the privileged men. Should women athletes change in a more masculine direction, would they even lose interest in traditional female responsibilities such as home and family formation?  The struggle for equal representation continued throughout the 20th century and only in connection with the feminine radicalization of the 1960s and 1970s as a real change did it begin to be seen again in the Olympic competition arenas and only after the turn of the millennium has real equality regarding representation been achieved.  In this thesis, I have studied  the athletics and swimming women inclusion to into the Olympic space. I spotlight how the two sports have developed from an equality and gender equality point of view. My survey prove a clear connection and have put figures on men and women's participation and demonstrated inequalities in the Olympic space.

This study aims to explore the mosaics in the Sala delle Palestrite at Villa Romana del Casale in Piazza Armerina, Sicily. These mosaics depict women wearing garments that resemble modern bikinis. However, upon closer examination of the roles of these ten women, it becomes evident that their attire is a form of Roman underwear, worn in an athletic context. Rather than being bikini-dressed figures, the women in the mosaic are athletes engaged in various sports activities from both ancient Greek and Roman cultures. The concept of aretḗ, which celebrates the ideal combination of strength, beauty, and harmony, often explains why Greek athletes are depicted nude. In contrast, the clothed female athletes in the mosaic suggest a different interpretation of female aretḗ, highlighting a paradox between the ideal representations of male and female athletic bodies. This depiction may however also signal an increase in women's autonomy during the 4th century AD, possibly resulting from broader cultural and social changes that reduced restrictions on women during this period. Furthermore, this study argues that these female athletes embody not only progressive but also aristocratic values. The mosaic reflects the upper class's interest in using artistic expressions to convey social status and intellectuality within their homes. With the increased social freedoms of the period, including women's rights to own land, the mosaic could represent the villa's domina attempt to portray a new image of women, diverging from traditional roles. Although the mosaic indicates greater social freedom for aristocratic women, it also reveals the persistence of traditional values in its stylistic expression. Given the historical association between women, fertility, and physical activity, the athletes' bodies might serve to communicate female aretḗ, often linked with fertility and reproduction. Alternatively, this could also highlight a recurring issue in art history; the limited representation of the female body, especially in contexts like athleticism, which did not conform to traditional portrayals of women. In conclusion, the mosaics offer a complex portrayal of female athletes that reflect both progressive and traditional values, illustrating broader social changes and the evolving roles of women in ancient society. It is thus unique evidence of the early female liberation.

The Modern Olympic Game is expected to not only bring a great amount of revenues, but also stimulate industrial structure. It has enormous impacts on economic indicators of the host countries. Hence, numerous countries are keen to strive for host as a strategy of motivating economic growth. The thesis works on searching and organizing papers about economic statistics of Beijing 2008 and previous Olympic Games, in order to analyze and conclude the impacts of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games on China’s economy. By comparing economic indicators of China with those of previous host countries, we will realize not only what the importance of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games to China’s economic effects and industrial development is, but also if it is a milestone for China to step into one of advancing countries. / The Modern Olympic Game is expected to not only bring a great amount of revenues, but also stimulate industrial structure. It has enormous impacts on economic indicators of the host countries. Hence, numerous countries are keen to strive for host as a strategy of motivating economic growth. The thesis works on searching and organizing papers about economic statistics of Beijing 2008 and previous Olympic Games, in order to analyze and conclude the impacts of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games on China’s economy. By comparing economic indicators of China with those of previous host countries, we will realize not only what the importance of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games to China’s economic effects and industrial development is, but also if it is a milestone for China to step into one of advancing countries.