This thesis has sought to investigate the development of Chinese elite sport policy after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games through examining the evolution of the Chinese Olympic discourses and elite sport policy discourses with emphasis on the power and interests reflected and constructed within and by these discourses. This study adopts a Critical Discourse Analysis approach, (founded on Critical Realist premises). The discourse analysis protocol employed is modified from Fairclough s (2005, 2009) framework, also known as Dialectical-Relational Approach, to examine the constitution and implementation of power at the meso and micro levels of relationships within Chinese elite sport. The analysis is based on archival material and semi-structured interviews. Rather than providing a detailed chronology of the Chinese Olympic movement and of Chinese elite sport, the analysis, divided into two main parts, starts with identifying critical periods as the start line of the analysis and points of division that separate these periods. The analysis of the pre-2008 era starts with the year 1993, in which the first Olympic bid by China failed and the second significant reforming policy of Chinese elite sport was published. This section of the thesis consists of an analytic description of the development of Chinese elite sport policy and the analysis of Chinese Olympic discourse and elite sport discourse before the 2008 Olympics. The post-2008 section contains the analysis of these two discourses after the Beijing Games, and develops case studies of three sports, baseball, diving and table tennis, attempting to unveil the development of Chinese elite sport policy in the post-2008 era. From 1993 to 2012, a consistent feature was the concurrent requirement of both reform and of satisfactory elite sport performance, was maintained in Chinese elite sport policy discourse. The power of discourses in relation to these dual goals has varied across the period, has been influenced by a number of factors, and has been maintained by the dominant group within Chinese society and within Chinese elite sport exercising their power over discourse. The thesis argues that the characterisation of Chinese elite sport and of its development has varied with the change in the power relationship between the two sets of goals, which has significantly influenced the key developments and change in Chinese elite sport policy and its governance system.

This paper explores tourism and space-making in modern China through the lens of Sixth Generation Chinese filmmaker Jia Zhangke. His film Shijie (The World) features people whose lives play out in and around a Chinese theme park of the same name. Through its portrayal of theme parks and the social stratum who visit and inhabit them, Shijie depicts both the filmmaker’s opinion of China’s modernization project, as well as his evolving status within the Chinese international/national film system. As China’s interest in its global image is being transformed through its media products, its concept of global and local space is also changing. The Olympic Village created for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics can be seen as an attempt at physically and symbolically engineering China’s new global space. This paper will consider Jia Zhangke, The World, and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as several points along a continuum that leads toward a new envisioning of global space in China. / text

The overall aim of the research project is to investigate the alms and the consequences of the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. The Seoul Olympics took place over twenty years ago, and the event has had a significant impact on South Korean society which is best explained by reference to theories of globalization and mega events. The project uses qualitative methods and a variety of data sources to evaluate the domestic impact of the Games in relation to culture, politics, sport, and economics. The analysis is contextualised within an understanding of Korean history with specific reference to Japanese colonialism and relations between North and South Korea. Particular attention is paid to the decision by most of the Communist bloc to participate in the Seoul Olympics, despite a North Korean boycott. The thesis also examines the reasons that lay behind Seoul wiuning the right to host the Games, as well as the postGames consequences, both of which are addressed using empirical data drawn from interviews and documentary evidence. Having addressed the evidence within the context of wider sociological debate concerning globalisation, the thesis concludes that South Korea's political, economic, cultural and sporting interests were well served by the Seoul Olympic Games, and that hosting a mega-event of this scale helped to accelerate South Korea's modernisation process and its emergence on the global stage.

This thesis attempts to explore the discursive construction of Olympic ideology in the 2008 Torch Relay news coverage by the British and the Chinese media. It applies a corpus-based Discourse-Historical Approach in Critical Discourse Analysis (DHA-CDA) to analyse how and why the complexity, contradiction and conflicts in linguistic interpretations of Olympism are demonstrated by the media discourse between East and West. This study first focuses on the underpinning ideology and the study of the media, considering the historical development of Olympic ideology (Olympism) along with the respective mainstream ideologies in Britain (Liberalism) and China (Harmony), as well as the philosophical foundations and prominence of CDA. It then draws on the elaborated analytical approach-corpus-based CDA-in detail to analyse four specially constructed corpora drawn from the China Daily, BBC News and The Guardian. Thereafter corpus techniques including frequency and concordance analysis are applied and results obtained that reveal comparative differences and diachronic shifts across the corpora. Having first described the data, they are then interpreted in their linguistic contexts, and subsequently explained in the broader historical and socio-political contexts surrounding the dynamic life of the Olympic Torch Relay. This study demonstrates that there are contrasting expressions of Olympic ideology in the media discourse of the two countries. At a deeper level, this social practice is revealed to be dominated by the mainstream ideologies of the hosting and participating nations, which have been entrenched throughout their respective histories. The involvement of Britain and China in Olympic history and the relevant socio-political events surrounding the 2008 Torch Relay are explored in order to inform our analysis. The conclusion to this thesis reinforces its significant contribution to the study of Olympism. The Olympic philosophy of integrating diversified ideologies was certainly not manifest in the confrontation between the eastern and western media in 2008. Liberalism and harmony had never confronted each other face to face on the world stage before or attempted to find a common ground on which to coexist as revealed in this study. Based on this, respect for and tolerance of diverse ideology, history and culture will hopefully promote the solidarity and prosperity represented by Olympism in the new era.

Thesis advisor: Christopher F. Baum / This paper seeks to estimate the impacts generated from the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Using a data set representing 76 metropolitan statistical areas in the western United States, and later 31 metropolitan statistical areas in Utah and its bordering neighbors, I construct an Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data regression that seeks to model metropolitan employment growth had the Olympics never taken place. With this logic I apply the Arellano- Bond regression to real personal income and real average wages, in a vector autoregression framework, estimating gains to those variables over a reasonable timeframe. The predictions from these variables are then compared to actual figures in which a picture of the economic impact of the 2002 Games is generated. Using out of sample predictions I estimate Salt Lake City's Olympic impact in employment is roughly between 20,487 and 36,150 job-years, between $ 381 and $ 2,470 to real per-capita personal income, and a decrease of $ 273 to $ 2004 in real average wages. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program.

Thesis advisor: Donald Fishman / This thesis examines and compares the terrorist attacks at the 1972 Munich Olympics and the 2013 Boston Marathon in order to assess the ongoing vulnerability to terrorism at international sporting events, in specific, and the global environment, in general. In each of these instances, terrorists took advantage of the vulnerability of large international sporting events and launched attacks that had both political and social implications. Although each attack had separate motives, results, and repercussions, both incidents served as crises in a rising media age and impacted public policy. This paper compares and contrasts the 1972 Munich Olympics and the 2013 Boston Marathon through theoretical analyses of Downs’ Issue Attention Cycle and Birkland’s Focusing Events Theory, as well as through a comparison of the crises’ dominant features. Over the course of the 40 years separating the events, security and emergency response methods have improved, as have technology, media, and information flow. Even with these modern techniques, however, today’s generation, as with its predecessors, still lives in an age of vulnerability to terrorism. The conclusion combines the analysis of the issue-attention cycle and the potential public policy changes in accordance with the 1972 Munich Olympics attack and the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings to argue that there is no fool-proof prevention method to the issue of vulnerability to terrorism and that the global community will to continue to be vulnerable in the future. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Communication Honors Program. / Discipline: Communications.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the development of elite sport through national sport policy within a developing country, Jamaica. Taking a qualitative approach, the thesis drew on the SPLISS framework (De Bosscher et al., 2006, 2015) to understand government influence in the development of elite sport, through policy, and to investigate other contributing factors for elite sporting success. A logic model illustrated the input-throughput-output pillars of the SPLISS framework, and aided in the interpretation of both a theoretical and rival proposition (Yin, 2018). This thesis purpose, accomplished in part by exploring the most successful elite sport in Jamaica, athletics (track and field), incorporated three interconnected studies on that developing country’s national sport system, a sport system that produced its first Olympic success in 1948, forty-six years before the introduction of national sport policy. Three interconnected studies allowed for findings that highlighted the roots of Jamaica’s sport development, beginning with the introduction of a school and community sport system by the former colonial British government, and retained and expanded by the Jamaican government from 1962. The findings also highlighted that the school and community sport systems facilitated a local approach to the development and training for athletics. It included factors outside of the influence of government, such as the impact of coaches and role models that assisted in creating a fraternity in the sport through tradition, culture and passion, and established an environment for elite sport. This environment involved a collaboration between educational institutions and the professional local club system, and represents the critical elements in the success of athletics, indicating that the influence of government policies for sport development was not impacting international sporting success up to 2017. The interconnected studies also provided support for gaps identified in the SPLISS framework and the literature on elite sport policy. For SPLISS, the findings provided evidence in understanding what happens when input factors are processed (the ‘black box’) leading to outputs, and national outcomes. For the literature, the thesis found that an historical context is important in understanding the coalescing of micro-, macro-, and meso-level factors for elite sporting success.

A participação nos Jogos Olímpicos é condicionada à atuação de um comitê olímpico nacional. A criação dos referidos comitês é um fator controverso no Movimento Olímpico, uma vez que está subordinada à escolha de um representante nacional no Comitê Olímpico Internacional e que tal escolha não é democrática. Verificando a formação do esporte moderno e as características sociais que influenciaram a formação do Movimento Olímpico nacional e internacional, este trabalho visa identificar as razões que levaram o Brasil a fundar dois Comitês Olímpicos Brasileiros, e as implicações da história das entidades esportivas brasileiras nos dias de hoje. Para a realização do estudo foram consultados periódicos como o Jornal do Brasil, Jornal dos Sports, O Estado de São Paulo e Diário de São Paulo das décadas de 1910, 1920 e 1930 e também atas do Club Athletico Paulistano de 1912 a 1936, bem como o acervo da instituição. A agitação brasileira para ingresso no Movimento Olímpico inicia-se em 1912 e é influenciada pelo Comitê Olímpico Português e pelo caráter oligárquico do COI. A fundação do segundo COB em 1935 é marcada pela institucionalização das entidades esportivas e a conseqüente disputa pela representação das modalidades / The participation in the Olympic Games is conditioned to the existence of a National Olympic Committee. The creation of these committees is a controversial aspect in the Olympic Movement since it is subjected to the choice of a national delegate for the International Olympic Committee, and that this choice is not democratic. Investigating the modern sport formation and the social characteristics that have influenced national and international Olympic Movement foundations, this research aims to identify the reasons that led Brazil to create two Brazilian Olympic Committees, and the implications of the brazilian sportive organization history in the present days. The references for the study were newspapers such as \"Jornal do Brasil\", \"Jornal dos Sports\", \"O Estado de São Paulo\" and \"Diário de São Paulo\" from the 1910\'s, 1920\'s and 1930\'s, and the files and manager board acts from Club Athletico Paulistano. The brazilian progress trough the Olympic Movement starts in 1912 and received a major Portuguese influence by its Olympic members, and also by the oligarchic nature of the IOC. The second BOC foundation in 1935 is marked by brazilian sports institutionalization and the resulting disputes for different sports representation

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Videorecording in Rotch Visual Collections. / M.S.

A participação nos Jogos Olímpicos é condicionada à atuação de um comitê olímpico nacional. A criação dos referidos comitês é um fator controverso no Movimento Olímpico, uma vez que está subordinada à escolha de um representante nacional no Comitê Olímpico Internacional e que tal escolha não é democrática. Verificando a formação do esporte moderno e as características sociais que influenciaram a formação do Movimento Olímpico nacional e internacional, este trabalho visa identificar as razões que levaram o Brasil a fundar dois Comitês Olímpicos Brasileiros, e as implicações da história das entidades esportivas brasileiras nos dias de hoje. Para a realização do estudo foram consultados periódicos como o Jornal do Brasil, Jornal dos Sports, O Estado de São Paulo e Diário de São Paulo das décadas de 1910, 1920 e 1930 e também atas do Club Athletico Paulistano de 1912 a 1936, bem como o acervo da instituição. A agitação brasileira para ingresso no Movimento Olímpico inicia-se em 1912 e é influenciada pelo Comitê Olímpico Português e pelo caráter oligárquico do COI. A fundação do segundo COB em 1935 é marcada pela institucionalização das entidades esportivas e a conseqüente disputa pela representação das modalidades / The participation in the Olympic Games is conditioned to the existence of a National Olympic Committee. The creation of these committees is a controversial aspect in the Olympic Movement since it is subjected to the choice of a national delegate for the International Olympic Committee, and that this choice is not democratic. Investigating the modern sport formation and the social characteristics that have influenced national and international Olympic Movement foundations, this research aims to identify the reasons that led Brazil to create two Brazilian Olympic Committees, and the implications of the brazilian sportive organization history in the present days. The references for the study were newspapers such as \"Jornal do Brasil\", \"Jornal dos Sports\", \"O Estado de São Paulo\" and \"Diário de São Paulo\" from the 1910\'s, 1920\'s and 1930\'s, and the files and manager board acts from Club Athletico Paulistano. The brazilian progress trough the Olympic Movement starts in 1912 and received a major Portuguese influence by its Olympic members, and also by the oligarchic nature of the IOC. The second BOC foundation in 1935 is marked by brazilian sports institutionalization and the resulting disputes for different sports representation