Orientador: Jonas de Araujo Romualdo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cossari_PauloHenrique_M.pdf: 708901 bytes, checksum: eadfeb78ce5d66ee3cf1ab222ec8e328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O ato de tomar a palavra implica necessariamente na construção de uma imagem de si. Admitindo-se que o locutor deixa suas marcas na superfície textual quando enuncia, trabalharemos a função de co-enunciador que o leitor desempenha na construção do ethos. Assim, no presente trabalho apresentaremos uma análise das imagens que o ombudsman da Folha de S. Paulo cria de si nas suas publicações no periódico. O corpo de análise é constituído de quatro meses de publicação do ombudsman: de abril a julho de 2008. Como base teórica, discorreremos sobre teorias que admitem a eficácia da palavra, como a arte Retórica de Aristóteles, a Pragmática e os estudos mais recentes da análise do discurso de linha francesa. Nas análises, tentaremos mostrar as imagens que o ombudsman cria de si ao enunciar, mostrando as marcas no texto e a construção do ethos do orador que as enuncia. / Abstract: The act of communication provides the building of an author's image. Before this, the author builds the image of the people that will receive his text and it affects the production conditions of the text. This work intends to present tools to analyze the images that the ombudsman of Folha de S. Paulo creates of himself. All the five publication on sundays of june 2008 will be analyzed. There the journalist criticizes the performance of the whole newspaper. We'll write about the theories that admit the effectiveness of the word, as rethoric, pragmatic and the recent studies of the discourse analisys. We'll show that the discursive gender of the ombudsman of Folha de S. Paulo is similar to the epidíctico genre of the rethoric art, that is dedicated to praise or to censor. Also, it will be posible to understand that the persuasive character is mainly connected to the buildng of the author's ethos and to the scenography. / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

The thesis deals with the possible role of ombudsmen in environmental protection. The work starts by the description of the establishment of this institution in the world and subsequently in the Czech Republic. A crucial role played the Act No. 349/1999 Coll., the Ombudsman Act, which has been implemented into national law of the Czech Republic after many discussions on December 30, 1999. This act provides for activities of the ombudsman and the way how to lodge a complaint with the ombudsman. This treatise on the ombudsman activities in general creates also the basis for his/her procedure in specific cases concerning the environment. The part of this thesis forms case studies serving as the example how the ombudsman can participate in the environmental protection in practise.

As ouvidorias de polícia têm a função de monitorar o trabalho policial e contribuir para melhorias na segurança pública. No Brasil, passados 18 anos da criação da primeira ouvidoria, no Estado de São Paulo, esses órgãos ainda encontram uma série de resistências para exercer sua atividade. Entre elas, está a resistência dos próprios policiais em reconhecerem e se submeterem ao controle que não seja aquele efetuado pela própria corporação. Esse é o foco deste trabalho: explorar a dinâmica entre controlador e controlado ou, em outras palavras, a relação entre ouvidoria e policiais militares. Explorar a percepção dos policiais a respeito desses mecanismos, suas resistências ao controle externo e como elas se manifestam. Para isso, a pesquisa consistiu na análise de duas diferentes fontes de dados. Uma amostra de queixas registradas por policiais na Ouvidoria de Polícia do Estado de São Paulo e entrevistas abertas realizadas com policiais militares. A análise do material empírico foi elaborada com base nos conceitos e categorias weberianos, tanto para a construção de uma tipologia das queixas quanto para a análise das motivações e das condutas dos agentes encontrados nos dados aqui apresentados. Os resultados sugerem que a ouvidoria não só conseguiu manter-se ao longo do tempo, apesar das resistências apresentadas à medida que conquistava seu campo, como se tornou um órgão reconhecido e legitimado pelas corporações. Indicam também que os policiais possuem diferentes percepções a seu respeito que vão desde um direito do cidadão, a um recurso usado por eles próprios, mas que também pode ser vista como uma fonte de constrangimentos ou um obstáculo ao bom desenvolvimento dos trabalhos. Ao recorrerem à ouvidoria para registrar suas queixas, os policiais rompem com valores e tradições de sua instituição e expõem conflitos e problemas internos relacionados à hierarquia e à gestão do trabalho policial. Contudo, permanece ainda o silêncio dos policiais a respeito dos casos de violência e abusos da polícia no trato com o público, que ficam restritos aos mecanismos internos de controle. / The police ombudsman has the function of monitoring police work and contribute to improvements in public safety. In Brazil, 18 years after the creation of the first ombudsman in the State of Sao Paulo these agencies still experience a lot of resistance and difficulty to carry out their duties. Among them is the resistance of the police in recognizing and submitting themselves to control that is not made by the corporation itself. This is the focus of this work: exploring the dynamics between controller and controlled, or in other words, the relationship between the ombudsman and military police. This work attempts to explore the perception of the police regarding these mechanisms, their resistance to external control and how it manifests itself. For this, the study is composed of the analysis of two different data sources. A sample of complaints registered by police officers in the Police Ombudsman\'s Office of the State of São Paulo and open interviews conducted with military police officers. The analysis of the empirical material has been made based on the Weberian concepts and categories both for the construction of a \"typology\" of complaints and for the analysis of the motivations and behaviour of agents found in the data presented here. The results suggest that the ombudsman not only managed to remain over time (despite the resistance presented as a means of conquering its field) as it became recognized and legitimized by corporations. They also indicate that police officers perceive the duties of the ombudsman in a different ways ranging from a citizen\'s right to a resource used by themselves, but also for being a source constraints or an obstacle to the smooth development of the work. By resorting to the ombudsman to register their complaints the police force breaks with values and traditions of their institution and expose conflicts and internal problems related to the hierarchy and management of police work. However, the violence and abuse made by the police in dealing with the public still remains as the domain of internal agencies.

Esta dissertação aborda o controle da polícia no Brasil, apresenta características institucionais e elementos da cultura policial presentes nesse processo. Levanta as principais questões que envolvem o controle da instituição policial exercido pelas ouvidorias de polícia. Toma como universo empírico a Ouvidoria do Sistema de Segurança Pública do Estado do Pará e, como referência para a análise, a observação direta de documentos internos da instituição referentes ao período compreendido entre 2002 e 2006, e entrevistas. Discute as causas que explicam as dificuldades da sociedade em estabelecer controle mais efetivo sobre o aparato policial, observando a que tipo de mecanismo de controle a polícia tem se submetido. / The present dissertation deals with the police control in Brazil, shows institutional features and the elements of the police culture present in this process. It brings to light the main issues that involve the police institution control exerted by the Police Ombudsman. The experiential universe of the Ouvidoria do Sistema de Segurança Publica do Estado do Pará is taken here, and, as reference for the analysis, daily observations, internal documents of the institution, and interviews are shown. The analysis period ranges from 2002 to 2006. The main issue here is to analyze the causes that explain the difficulties in establishing more effective control over the police apparatus, observing what kind of control mechanism the police have been under

Esta dissertação aborda o controle da polícia no Brasil, apresenta características institucionais e elementos da cultura policial presentes nesse processo. Levanta as principais questões que envolvem o controle da instituição policial exercido pelas ouvidorias de polícia. Toma como universo empírico a Ouvidoria do Sistema de Segurança Pública do Estado do Pará e, como referência para a análise, a observação direta de documentos internos da instituição referentes ao período compreendido entre 2002 e 2006, e entrevistas. Discute as causas que explicam as dificuldades da sociedade em estabelecer controle mais efetivo sobre o aparato policial, observando a que tipo de mecanismo de controle a polícia tem se submetido. / The present dissertation deals with the police control in Brazil, shows institutional features and the elements of the police culture present in this process. It brings to light the main issues that involve the police institution control exerted by the Police Ombudsman. The experiential universe of the Ouvidoria do Sistema de Segurança Publica do Estado do Pará is taken here, and, as reference for the analysis, daily observations, internal documents of the institution, and interviews are shown. The analysis period ranges from 2002 to 2006. The main issue here is to analyze the causes that explain the difficulties in establishing more effective control over the police apparatus, observing what kind of control mechanism the police have been under

As ouvidorias de polícia têm a função de monitorar o trabalho policial e contribuir para melhorias na segurança pública. No Brasil, passados 18 anos da criação da primeira ouvidoria, no Estado de São Paulo, esses órgãos ainda encontram uma série de resistências para exercer sua atividade. Entre elas, está a resistência dos próprios policiais em reconhecerem e se submeterem ao controle que não seja aquele efetuado pela própria corporação. Esse é o foco deste trabalho: explorar a dinâmica entre controlador e controlado ou, em outras palavras, a relação entre ouvidoria e policiais militares. Explorar a percepção dos policiais a respeito desses mecanismos, suas resistências ao controle externo e como elas se manifestam. Para isso, a pesquisa consistiu na análise de duas diferentes fontes de dados. Uma amostra de queixas registradas por policiais na Ouvidoria de Polícia do Estado de São Paulo e entrevistas abertas realizadas com policiais militares. A análise do material empírico foi elaborada com base nos conceitos e categorias weberianos, tanto para a construção de uma tipologia das queixas quanto para a análise das motivações e das condutas dos agentes encontrados nos dados aqui apresentados. Os resultados sugerem que a ouvidoria não só conseguiu manter-se ao longo do tempo, apesar das resistências apresentadas à medida que conquistava seu campo, como se tornou um órgão reconhecido e legitimado pelas corporações. Indicam também que os policiais possuem diferentes percepções a seu respeito que vão desde um direito do cidadão, a um recurso usado por eles próprios, mas que também pode ser vista como uma fonte de constrangimentos ou um obstáculo ao bom desenvolvimento dos trabalhos. Ao recorrerem à ouvidoria para registrar suas queixas, os policiais rompem com valores e tradições de sua instituição e expõem conflitos e problemas internos relacionados à hierarquia e à gestão do trabalho policial. Contudo, permanece ainda o silêncio dos policiais a respeito dos casos de violência e abusos da polícia no trato com o público, que ficam restritos aos mecanismos internos de controle. / The police ombudsman has the function of monitoring police work and contribute to improvements in public safety. In Brazil, 18 years after the creation of the first ombudsman in the State of Sao Paulo these agencies still experience a lot of resistance and difficulty to carry out their duties. Among them is the resistance of the police in recognizing and submitting themselves to control that is not made by the corporation itself. This is the focus of this work: exploring the dynamics between controller and controlled, or in other words, the relationship between the ombudsman and military police. This work attempts to explore the perception of the police regarding these mechanisms, their resistance to external control and how it manifests itself. For this, the study is composed of the analysis of two different data sources. A sample of complaints registered by police officers in the Police Ombudsman\'s Office of the State of São Paulo and open interviews conducted with military police officers. The analysis of the empirical material has been made based on the Weberian concepts and categories both for the construction of a \"typology\" of complaints and for the analysis of the motivations and behaviour of agents found in the data presented here. The results suggest that the ombudsman not only managed to remain over time (despite the resistance presented as a means of conquering its field) as it became recognized and legitimized by corporations. They also indicate that police officers perceive the duties of the ombudsman in a different ways ranging from a citizen\'s right to a resource used by themselves, but also for being a source constraints or an obstacle to the smooth development of the work. By resorting to the ombudsman to register their complaints the police force breaks with values and traditions of their institution and expose conflicts and internal problems related to the hierarchy and management of police work. However, the violence and abuse made by the police in dealing with the public still remains as the domain of internal agencies.

We can consider the institution of ombudsman to be one of the traditional institutions of most democratic countries. The position of the ombudsman in the constitutional law system and his relation to other governmental authorities is relatively independent. The ombudsman is here primarily to help citizens who do not have any legal background and can be easily lost in the complicated system of governmental authorities. The Czech Parliament passed Act Number 349/1999 of the Law Collection, the Ombudsman Act, in 1999. The adoption of this act signified the implementation of another institute of law to the Czech legal system which should guarantee the abidance of human rights.

This diploma thesis discusses the relationship of the Ombudsman to the principles of good governance. The rise in popularity of ombudsman institution in the 20th century caused his growing typological diversification. The concept of good governance in different countries takes different content. The goal is to capture the same characteristics and identify the differences between the selected models. The core of the work consists of analyzing Ombudsman's Institute in the Czech Republic, Greece and the European Ombudsman. The base of analysing is a comparison with regard to the legal status, legal basis of institutions and good governance principles.

Includes bibliographical references / The absence of appropriate and effective mechanisms for consumer disputes in a legal system can result in a denial of access to justice. Consumers struggle to have their disputes settled because most of their claims are of small value and some consumers are low-income earners. Costs of litigating a claim in the formal court system are very high and the procedural formalities involved hinder consumers‟access to justice. As a result, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) seems to address that challenge as an appropriate approach to consumer disputes because it promises cost effective, efficient and fast mechanisms of resolving disputes. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of alternative dispute resolution in Lesotho in consumer protection. This is achieved by examining the available dispute resolution processes and how they function. Also, this study makes a comparison with the South African law regulating consumer protection in particular dispute resolution. It discusses ADR in consumer protection at international level as contained in the OECD report and EU Directives. The problem that exists in the market place is that bargaining power favours the sellers. As a result there are laws in place that protect consumers against manipulative or fraudulent sellers, but those laws do not mean anything to consumers if they cannot be enforced through proper channels for their benefit. Therefore, there have been various ADR mechanisms adopted by different legal systems in order to assist consumers to fully realise their rights. Some of these ADR mechanisms might be appropriate for consumer disputes but are very advanced and are not appropriate for a country like Lesotho due to the nature of consumers there and the country‟s economy. Despite South Africa being more economically developed compared to Lesotho it has introduced some of the ADR procedures which are easy to establish and seem to be working well to address consumers‟ claims. As a result, this study would recommend Lesotho to amend its laws in relation to consumer dispute resolution and revise Consumer policy which has been adopted recently.

Esta pesquisa procura entender o aparecimento e a função do ombudsman na imprensa brasileira e portuguesa a partir do estudo das mediações, da comunicação de massa e das mudanças estruturais no jornalismo. Para isso, empreendemos uma revisão das principais correntes teóricas sobre a comunicação de massa e o jornalismo, bem como traçamos um panorama histórico e contemporâneo do jornalismo brasileiro e português. A pesquisa completa-se com a análise comparada das colunas semanais dos ombudsmen (ombudsmän em sueco) da Folha de S. Paulo e do Diário de Notícias, jornais de referência na formação da opinião pública no Brasil e em Portugal, respectivamente. / This research aims to understand the appearance and the function of the ombudsman in the Brazilian and Portuguese press from the study of the mediations, the mass communication and the structural changes in the journalism. Therefore, a review of the main theoretical lines about mass communication and journalism is undertaken, as well as outline a historical and contemporary view of the Brazilian and Portuguese journalism is outlined. The research completes it with the comparative analysis of the weekly ombudsmen (ombudsmän in Swedish) columns of Folha de S. Paulo and Diário de Notícias, reference newspapers in the formation of public opinion in Brazil and Portugal, respectively.