Atualmente, a Onion-tree [Carélo et al., 2009] é o método de acesso métrico baseado em memória primária mais eficiente para pesquisa por similaridade disponível na literatura. Ela indexa dados complexos por meio da divisão do espaço métrico em regiões (ou seja, subespaços) disjuntas, usando para isso dois pivôs por nó. Para prover uma boa divisão do espaço métrico, a Onion-tree introduz as seguintes características principais: (i) procedimento de expansão, o qual inclui um método de particionamento que controla o número de subespaços disjuntos gerados em cada nó; (ii) técnica de substituição, a qual pode alterar os pivôs de um nó durante operações de inserção baseado em uma política de substituição que garante uma melhor divisão do espaço métrico, independente da ordem de inserção dos elementos; e (iii) algoritmos para a execução de consultas por abrangência e aos k-vizinhos mais próximos, de forma que esses tipos de consulta possam explorar eficientemente o método de particionamento da Onion-tree. Entretanto, a Onion-tree apenas oferece funcionalidades voltadas à inserção dos dados um-a-um em sua estrutura. Ela não oferece, portanto, uma operação de bulk-loading que construa o índice considerando todos os elementos do conjunto de dados de uma única vez. A principal vantagem dessa operação é analisar os dados antecipadamente para garantir melhor particionamento possível do espaço métrico. Com isto, a carga inicial de grandes volumes de dados pode ser melhor realizada usando a operação de bulk-loading. Este projeto de mestrado visa suprir a falta da operação de bulk-loading para a Onion-tree, por meio da proposta de algoritmos que exploram as características intrínsecas desse método de acesso métrico. No total, são propostos três algoritmos de bulk-loading, denominados GreedyBL, SampleBL e HeightBL, os quais utilizam respectivamente as seguintes abordagens: gulosa, amostragem e de estimativa da altura do índice. Testes experimentais realizados sobre conjuntos de dados com volume variando de 2.536 a 102.240 imagens e com dimensionalidade variando de 32 a 117 dimensões mostraram que os algoritmos propostos introduziram vantagens em relação à estrutura criada pelo algoritmo de inserção um-a-um da Onion-tree. Comparado com a inserção um-a-um, o tamanho do índice foi reduzido de 9% até 88%. Em consultas por abrangência, houve redução de 16% até 99% no número de cálculos de distância e de 9% a 99% no tempo gasto em relação à inserção. Em consultas aos k-vizinhos mais próximos, houve redução de 13% a 86% em número de cálculos de distância e de 9% até 63% no tempo gasto / The main-memory Onion-tree [Carélo et al., 2009] is the most efficient metric access method to date. It indexes complex data by dividing the metric space into several disjoint regions (i.e. subspaces) by using two pivots per node. To provide a good division of the metric space, the Onion-tree introduces the following characteristics: (i) expansion procedure, which provides a partitioning method that controls the number of disjoint subspaces generated at each node; (ii) replacement technique, which can replace the pivots of a leaf node during insert operations based on a replacement policy that ensures a better division of the metric space, regardless of the insertion order of the elements; and (iii) algorithms for processing range and k-NN queries, so that these types of query can efficiently use the partitioning method of the Onion-tree. However, the Onion-tree only performs element-by-element insertions into its structure. Another important issue is the mass loading technique, called bulk-loading, which builds the index considering all elements of the dataset at once. This technique is very useful in the case of reconstructing the index or inserting a large number of elements simultaneously. Despite the importance of this technique, to the best of our knowledge, there are not in the literature bulk-loading algorithms for the Onion-tree. In this masters thesis, we fill this gap. We propose three algorithms for bulk-loading Onion-trees: the GreedyBL algorithm, the SampleBL algorithm and the HeightBL algorithm. These algorithms are based on the following approaches, respectively: greedy, sampling and estime height of the index. Performance tests with real-world data with different volumes (ranging from 2,536 to 102,240 images) and different dimensionalities (ranging from 32 to 117 dimensions) showed that the indices produced by the proposed algorithms are very compact. Compared with the element-by-element insertion, the size of the index reduced from 9% up to 88%. The proposed algorithms also provided a great improvement in query processing. They required from 16% up to 99% less distance calculations and were from 9% up to 99% faster than the element-by-element insertion to process range queries. Also, they required from 13% up to 86% less distance calculations and were from 9% up to 63% faster than the element-by-element insertion to process k-NN queries

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-15T17:22:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOANA DARC PAZ DE MATOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 3814977 bytes, checksum: b0004fe2b930dc37c724b5922f77b462 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T17:22:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOANA DARC PAZ DE MATOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 3814977 bytes, checksum: b0004fe2b930dc37c724b5922f77b462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A cebola (Allium cepa L.) é uma hortaliça com grande demanda de consumo no Brasil, principalmente, na forma in natura. Seu preparo é o maior motivo de objeção pelo consumidor, devido a compostos voláteis que irritam os olhos. O processamento mínimo torna assim, o produto mais atrativo e pronto para consumo, por eliminar as etapas de manipulação. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações na composição fitoquímica e microbiológica em formatos de cebola amarela IPA-11 minimamente processadas. Os bulbos foram cultivados de outubro de 2013 a março de 2014, numa área experimental do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal – PB; colhidos; curados durante seis dias à temperatura ambiente (30±2°C) e minimamente processados: seleção; remoção do catáfilos externos; cortes; sanitização e enxágue; drenagem das cebolas inteiras; centrifugação das rodelas e cubos; embalagem em bandeja de isopor recoberta com filme de PVC em porções de 200 g de cebolas; e, conservação a 4±1ºC, sob 70±5% UR, durante 10 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, correspondente a tipos de cortes (inteira, rodela e cubo) e tempos de conservação (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias), com cinco repetições. Os bulbos obtiveram rendimento maior que 90% no processamento mínimo para todos os cortes. Observou-se durante o período de conservação aumento na perda de massa fresca, na concentração de íons H+, nos teores de açúcares solúveis e redutores e no extravasamento de eletrólitos. Os teores de ácido ascórbico e a relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável reduziram com o tempo de conservação. Nos compostos bioquímicos, os flavonóides reduziram em todos os tratamentos. As clorofilas e os carotenóides oscilaram durante a conservação, independente do corte. Verificou-se que os compostos fenólicos e a pungência mantiveram-se praticamente constantes durante a conservação. Obteve-se baixa contagem de aeróbios psicrotróficos, bolores e leveduras. A contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes resultou valores de ˂3 NMP/g. O tipo de corte e o tempo de conservação não comprometeram a qualidade final das cebolas amarelas IPA-11 minimamente processadas. / The onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable with great demand in Brazil, mainly in natura. Its preparation is the biggest consumer objection due to volatile compounds that irritate the eyes. The product becomes more attractive and ready to be used by eliminating manipulation steps. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the phytochemical and microbiological composition of yellow onion formats IPA-11 minimally processed. The bulbs were grown from October 2013 to March 2014 on an experimental area of the Center of Agrifood Science and Technology - Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal - PB; harvested; cured for six days at room temperature (30 ± 2 ° C) and minimally processed: selection; removal of external cataphylls; cuts; sanitizing and rinsing; draining the whole onions; centrifugation of slices and cubes; packing styrofoam trays covered with PVC film in portions of 200 g of onions; and conservation at 4 ± 1 ° C under 70 ± 5% RH for 10 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 6, corresponding types of cuts (whole, slice and cube) and storage time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days), with five replications. The bulbs have gained more than 90% yield in minimum processing for all cuts. It was observed a loss increase of weight during the retention period , the concentration of H + ions in soluble sugars and reducing and electrolyte leakage. The ascorbic acid content and the soluble solids / titratable acidity decreased with storage time. In the biochemicals compounds, flavonoids decreased in all treatments. The chlorophylls and carotenoids varied during storage, regardless the cut. It was found that the phenolic compounds and pungency remained virtually constant during storage. Obtained low aerobic psychrotrophic count, molds and yeasts. The total coliforms and thermotolerant resulted values below 3 MPN / g. The kind of cut and the storage time did not affect the final quality of yellow onions IPA-11 minimally processed.

Le soudage FSW (Friction Stir Welding) est un procédé de soudage en phase solide pressenti pour des applications de transport en générale aérospatial et naval. Malgré le nombre considérable d’études qui ont été réalisées depuis son avènement en 1991, le contrôle du procédé n’est pas encore effectif.Ce travail a consisté en une partie expérimentale visant à la génération, par un outil trigone, de joints soudés dont la microstructure a été corrélée à l’écoulement de matière pendant le procédé. La connaissance de cet écoulement de matière a permis dans la deuxième partie d’enrichir le modèle thermofluide développé en périodique pour prédire la microstructure des joints de soudure FSW, notamment les "onion rings". Finalement, l’occurrence des "onion rings" a été corrélée à la vitesse de déformation maximale atteinte par les particules de la zone soudée, prédite par le modèle. Par ailleurs, un travail d’affinement du champ de vitesse en voisinage du pion est réalisé en modélisant l’outil trigone. Ce qui permet en plus de l’interaction (entrainement) outil/matière par frottement, d’intégrer une interaction par obstacle. Cette approche devrait permettre, en perspectives de ce travail, une meilleur description thermomécanique locale et par voie de conséquence microstructurale. / Friction Stir Welding is a solid state joining process developed for transport applications as aerospace and naval. Since its introduction, a large number of investigations have been carried out but the process is not fully controlled. This work including experimental section in which welds have been generated by trigonal tool. The microstructure of these welds has been correlated with the material flow during the process. By understanding the material flow, the transient thermofluid model developed in the second section has been significantly enriched. This modeled has been developed for predicting the microstructure of the weld, especially, the "onion rings". Finally, the occurrence of "onion rings" has been correlated with the maximal strain rate reached by any particle in the weld seam, simulated by the model. However, the velocity has been refined at the vicinity of the tool through the trigonal pin modelling. This was helpful to move the material not only by friction but also by obstacle at the interaction tool/material. The above approach should enable, in this work layout, a better local thermomechanical description and consequently microstructural.

Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) technique is an attempt towards development of green extraction, as this environment friendly technique has completely eliminated the use of organic solvents. After describing the effectiveness of microwave radiations in extraction field in the first part of this manuscript, we have optimized this noval extraction method to get antioxidants rich extract. Along with studying the temperature distributions in different parts of plant material under the effect of microwave irradiations, we have analyzed the influence of microwaves in enhancing the antioxidant activity of extracts by using different tests. We have got the promising results concerning about the antioxidant rich extracts of different onion varieties and sea buckthorn in generalization step against the conventional solvent extracts. The application of vacuum system in this extraction system helped in restraining the limitations like dry extract yield and flavonol contents. Incomparison to traditional and recent extraction systems, the MHG extracts doesn’t require any filtration and purification steps as it works in absence of any solvent and water and are highly recommended for direct application in industrial products / L'hydrodiffusion générée par micro-ondes est une nouvelle technique d'extraction mise au point au sein de l'Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse. Ce procédé est une combinaison entre une technique traditionnelle et une technologie innovante. En effet, le chauffage par micro-ondes a permis d'initier et de générer le transfert de matière et de chaleur de l"intérieur des matrices végétales (oignons) vers l'extérieur et de réduire de façon considérable les temps d'extraction des antioxydants sans aucune intervention de solvant. A titre de comparaison, les polyphénols de différentes variétés d'oignons ont été extraits par l'hydrodiffusion générée par micro-ondes et par la technique conventionnelle, l'extraction par solvant. Les rendements obtenus par micro-ondes sont presque identiques à ceux obtenus à l'aide d’un solvant alors que les temps d'extraction sont réduits. La capacité antioxydante des extraits micro-ondes est supérieure à celle obtenue par technique conventionelle. Ce qui présage des potentialités d'application dans le domaine agroalimentaire en particulier pour la valorisation des co-produits. Une étude cinétique de l'extraction, ainsi qu'une observation au microscope optique(cytologie) des matrices traitées soumises aux micro-ondes et au solvant ont mis en évidence la spécificité de l'extraction sans solvant assistée par micro-ondes au niveau des mécanismes de libération et d'extraction des molécules antioxydantes au sein du végétal. L'effet des micro-ondes a pour conséquence une libération plus rapide des principes actifs contenue dans la plante grâce à l'ouverture quasi instantanée des glandes et l'explosion des cellules. L'explication de la différence de composition chimique entre les procédés d'extraction par solvant et par micro-ondes pourrait être basée principalement sur des phénomènes de solubilité, de polarisation diélectrique ainsi qu'un transfert de matière et de chaleur inversé

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-21T14:38:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes.pdf: 2118185 bytes, checksum: 93ff9ca19a00eb532e526f9d4c773b3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:38:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes.pdf: 2118185 bytes, checksum: 93ff9ca19a00eb532e526f9d4c773b3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / One of the main onion crop diseases in Brazil is anthracnose, caused by especies of genus Colletotrichum. In this work it was used several Colletotrichum isolates obtained from plants do Allium genus with symptoms of anthracnose. The isolates were obtained from different regions of Brazil and characterized with the aid of morphological methods, molecular and cultural features. The Bayesian Analysis Method of inference was used for an initial analysis involving the genomic region β-tubulin (tub2). A representative group of isolates, selected in the first analysis, was sequenced for the partial region of actin (act) and ApMat. Two groups of haplotypes were generated and analyzed separately, one by concatenating tub2 and act and Other tub2, act and ApMat. The analysis revealed along with morphological analyzes that onion anthracnose is probably caused by several Colletotrichum species belonging to complexes acutatum and gloesporioides. All the representative isolates used in this study were pathogenic on onion, being able to cause of induce typical symptoms of anthracnose, especially on bulbs with variable aggressiveness range. All the results obtained in this work lead us to believe that onion anthracnose is caused by several species different of what has been reported so far. / Uma das principais doenças no cultivo de cebola no Brasil é a antracnose, causada por espécies do gênero Colletotrichum. Neste trabalho foram utilizados 42 isolados obtidos de plantas do gênero Allium com sintomas de antracnose de todas as regiões geográficas do Brasil e caracterizados com o auxílio de métodos morfológicos, moleculares e de características culturais. O método de análise de inferência Bayesiana foi utilizado para uma análise inicial envolvendo o gene β-tubulina (tub2). Um outro grupo, oriundo desta análise, foi seqüenciado para os genes parciais actina (act) e ApMat. Dois grupos de haplótipos foram gerados e analisados separadamente, um concatenando tub2 e act e outro tub2, act e ApMat. A análise revelou juntamente com análises morfológicas que a antracnose em cebola é causada, por várias espécies inseridas dentro dos complexos acutatum e gloesporioides. Todos os isolados representativos usados no estudo foram patogênicos sendo capazes de induzir sintomas típicos de antracnose, sobretudo em bulbos de cebola com variação de agressividade. Todas as informações deste trabalho levam a crer que, a antracnose em cebola é causada por um conjunto de espécies, diferente do que se tem relatado até o momento.

Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento da planta e a produtividade de bulbos de dois híbridos de cebola quando submetidas a doses de nitrogênio e potássio em diferentes populações de plantas e a influência desses fatores na classificação do bulbo. O estudo foi conduzido no município de São José do Rio Pardo-SP. Avaliaram-se a altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do pseudocaule, comprimento do pseudocaule, ciclo das plantas, massa do bulbo, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca de bulbos, produtividade, classificação de bulbos, acúmulo e exportação de macronutrientes. O nitrogênio foi o fator que mais influenciou no crescimento da parte aérea e do bulbo das duas cultivares. O ciclo foi menor quanto maior a dose de nitrogênio aplicada e quanto maior a população de plantas. A massa do bulbo foi altamente influenciada pela população de plantas. O fator população de plantas e doses de potássio não influenciaram significativamente a produtividade, mas houve incrementos significativos na produção com a aplicação das doses de nitrogênio. / Abstract: The objective of this paper was to study the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer doses on plant growth, yield and bulb quality of two onion cultivars, growing in different plants population. The experiment was carried out in São José do Rio Pardo in São Paulo State, Brazil. Parameters studied were: plant height, leaf number, pseudostem diameter and length, growing season duration, bulb and aereal part dry matter, bulb mass, yield and bulb classification, nutrient accumulation and exportation. The cicle was less in the higher nitrogen dose and higher plant density. Higher nitrogen fertilizer doses increased bulb yield. Plant population and potash doses did not influence yield, but its was bigger with nitrogen application. / Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Coorientador: José Carlos Barbosa / Banca: Leila Trevizan Braz / Banca: Paulo César Tavares de Melo / Banca: Rumy Goto / Banca: Joaquim Adelino de Azevedo Filho / Doutor

Cette thèse s'articule autour de deux parties, toutes deux liées à la protection de la vie privée dans les réseaux informatiques en général et sur l'Internet en particulier.<br /><br />Dans la première partie, nous proposons un système permettant d'établir des communications interactives non-observables, c'est-à-dire telles qu'un observateur ne puisse pas déterminer vers quelle(s) destination(s) sont établies ces communications, ni même, en fait, être certain qu'il y a bien de vraies communications!<br />Ce système innove par le niveau de protection qu'il vise, puisque même un observateur très puissant ne devrait pas être à même de la contourner.<br />Cette protection se base sur l'Onion-Routing et le complète avec des méthodes sophistiquées destinées à déjouer l'analyse de trafic.<br /><br />Dans la seconde partie, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au protocole DNS.<br />Bien qu'il soit possible de le protéger avec notre proposition de la partie précédente, cela dégrade ses performances (en termes de latence), ce qui à son tour a un impact sur celles des protocoles qui utilisent DNS.<br />Dans cette partie, nous proposons une solution spécifique à DNS, qui fournit à la fois un bon niveau de protection et de meilleures performances.<br /><br />Ces deux systèmes peuvent bien sûr se combiner, mais aussi être utilisés comme des briques séparées, avec d'autre mécanismes de protection de la vie privée.

Satire might not inspire physical action—the physical act of picking up a sign to picket the government—but it moves an audience towards a state of mental action by confronting audiences with the interdictions and iniquities it fears the most. The rhetorical qualities of satire need to be acknowledged to fully understand how satire functions. To look at an example of contemporary satire, like The Onion, and see how it functions as a tool to create knowledge, three concepts can be borrowed from the rhetorical tradition: (1) Plato’s dialectic as a rhetorical model for Donald Griffin’s “Rhetoric of inquiry and provocation” ; (2) Aristotle’s means of persuasion and Han Tzu’s recognition of the imbalanced power-dynamics inherent in discussing dissentient views to see how satire’s audience and its controversial or unmentionable content is inextricably intertwined, making humor a satirist’s primary mean of persuasion; and lastly, (3) the Sophists’ understanding of situational truths and how it informs the cultural standards and institutions that satire contends. A satirist wishes to create, through the use of laughter, a space for questioning the worst qualities of society and humanity, provoking inward reflection in order to challenge the cultural rationalization that informs societal behavior.

Electronic services have become a vital part in the implementation of electronic government. Government electronic services are significant tools for effective cooperation in any country between government, authorities, citizens, organisations, and so on. In order to implement these services it is necessary to know possible barriers and obstacles – factors, which can influence on the implementation process. Study in this field of research showed that a well-structured list of the factors that can influence on this implementation process is absent now. The purpose of this research is to identify and collect, analyse and structure different factors that can influence the implementation process of electronic government services. The collected list of factors have studied in the case of Ukraine. This research was conducted within the scope of Master’s level program in Linnaeus University, Sweden. In this research was used the mix method approach. The qualitative study was conducting through literature review and six interviews with people related to electronic government services. At the same time, as quantitative study was a survey with 131 answers from citizens. For analysing and structuring were using the Onion Ring Model of electronic government systems (Heeks, 2006) and the STEPLED analysis. The philosophical worldview of the research paper is social constructivism. During the research, I have studied more than 200 factors from different works of authors, which worked in this field. All collected factors were analysed and adapted in accordance to the Onion Ring Model. In addition, this model was modified by adding interlayers (additional rings) and extended in the Environment ring (with the usage of the STEPLED analysis). From the collected list were highlighted factors that influence on the implementation process in the case of Ukraine.

Allium amplectens (Alliaceae) occurs from southern California to southwestern British Columbia. I used nucleotide sequences from the chloroplast trnT-L intergenic spacer to investigate geographic patterns and phylogenetic relationships among ploidy levels in this species. Hexaploids (2n = 42) and diploids (2n = 14) were the rarest cytotypes (1.5% and 11.3% respectively), followed by tetraploids (2n = 28; 39.1%) and triploids (2n = 21; 48.1%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that polyploids evolved from diploids at least twice, and that transitions among polyploids occurred at least six times. Abundant triploids in this species may facilitate tetraploid formation via the `triploid bridge'. Chromosomal variation and cpDNA haplotype diversity were highest in California. Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis indicated range expansion northward from California in two of three cpDNA clades, with subsequent range contraction and fragmentation. In British Columbia, where A. amplectens is considered at risk, two distinct morphological variants (3x and 4x respectively) were found.