<p>Abstract</p><p>As online social network services are becoming one of the dominant media channels the importance of disseminating messages through them is of high importance for governments, organizations, companies etc. The online social network services are several and changes rapidly as they grow and evolve. Being networks, the services give the user the tools to send, as well as receive text and information. This proposes us with yet another obstacle in communication via online social network services since sender and receiver merges together.</p><p>Online social network services and the Blogosphere, which essentially also is a network, exist in the context of Web 2.0. The crucial feature of Web 2.0 is to a large degree the harnessing of collective intelligence i.e. the collection of individual knowledge and information. Many of the tools and sites within Web 2.0 are therefore of a network structure, hence further stressing the importance to communicate via networks in general.</p><p>Network Analysis is the discipline through which we can see and understand the larger patterns of networks. In this thesis I have looked into three key concepts of Network Analysis; Weak Links, Growth and Preferential Attachment. I have found that we can use the knowledge of Network Analysis to disseminate messages via online social network services since it provides us with the raw structures of how networks tend to grow, and how messages tend to disseminate.</p><p>Title: Web 2.0 and Network Society – PR and Communication: The Challenge of Online Social Networks</p><p>Number of pages: 34</p><p>Author: Max Tandefelt</p><p>Tutor: Else Nygren</p><p>Course: Media and Communication Studies C</p><p>Period: HT 07</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University.</p><p>Purpose/Aim: Facilitate message dissemination through online social network services, as they are becoming one of the dominant media channels</p><p>Material/Method: Network Analysis</p><p>Main results: I have presented crucial concepts of Network Analysis that can be used for message dissemination via online social network services</p><p>Keywords: Online Social Network Services, Network Analysis, Web 2.0, Message Dissemination</p>

This thesis presents a research model to investigate university-students’ acceptance and behaviour in relation to social-networking sites (SNS). In order to carry out this investigation, the research project was divided into two phases using qualitative and quantitative data based on a diverse sample of university students. Phase One used a think-aloud technique to explore the interaction experiences associated with students’ use of Facebook, a popular social-networking site. Twenty-six participants from Teesside University took part in the first study and six categories of experience (communication, gratification, inquisitiveness, evocation, interconnection, apprehension, and ambience) were identified. Subsequently conceptual similarities were found between all six categories of experience and six psychological human needs (relatedness, pleasure, popularity, security, competence and meaning). In Phase Two, a research model was constructed, based on existing literature on technology acceptance and the psychological needs identified in Phase One. Results from an online survey of 766 university students in the United Kingdom, who were also SNS users, provided evidence for the proposed model. The model explained and predicted students’ adoption of SNS, accounting for half of the variance in behavioural intention and almost a quarter of the variance in actual use behaviour. The results showed that students’ personal beliefs, social identity and psychological human needs influenced their decision to adopt SNS. Specifically, user-perceived usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and credibility were found to iv be important factors in students’ adoption of SNS. The influence of social identity on students’ behavioural intention was also found to be mediated by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Furthermore, the findings emphasise the importance of psychological human needs in students’ adoption of SNS. In particular, the need for relatedness was found to be a significant independent predictor of behavioural intention. Based on the results of this study, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma leitura psicanalítica a respeito do fenômeno contemporâneo da automutilação. A questão que conduziu nossa pesquisa foi a busca pela compreensão acerca da função que os cortes e ferimentos autoinfligidos assumem no que diz respeito ao âmbito do funcionamento psíquico do sujeito. Nossa hipótese inicial era de que o recurso ao ato, na automutilação, consistiria em uma defesa contra a emergência do excesso pulsional traumático. As considerações teóricas de Freud a respeito das neuroses atuais indicaram a existência de um aspecto essencial relacionado ao excesso pulsional: a insuficiência da conexão psíquica, a qual estaria articulada, por sua vez, ao plano do narcisismo. Com isto, introduzimos a dimensão alteritária a fim de compreendermos o processo de constituição do Eu na obra freudiana e a importância da intersubjetividade na teoria do amadurecimento de D. W. Winnicott. Além disso, o fato de que a automutilação tem como objeto o próprio corpo - e, na maior parte dos casos, a pele - indicou a necessidade de uma discussão a respeito destes elementos a partir do referencial teórico da psicanálise. De modo geral, foi possível observar que o fenômeno da automutilação se articula à clínica das configurações narcísicas, marcadas por uma fragilidade decorrente de determinadas especificidades da relação entre o bebê e o objeto primário. Sendo a obra de André Green essencial para esta teorização, utilizamos suas contribuições a respeito do complexo da mãe morta e do trabalho do negativo. Concluímos, a partir destas considerações, que a automutilação assume uma função defensiva contra o sofrimento psíquico do sujeito e, em um sentido mais radical, contra a própria morte psíquica. Além disso, acreditamos que o recurso ao ato também possui, nestes casos, uma dimensão comunicativa, sendo a forma encontrada pelo sujeito para pedir ajuda a partir da convocação ao olhar do outro. Por fim, buscamos compreender qual seria a potência da psicanálise diante deste fenômeno, tendo em vista a importância do reconhecimento do sofrimento destes sujeitos. A fim de ilustrar os recortes teóricos efetuados, também foi proposta uma articulação com materiais extraídos da rede social Tumblr / The present work aims to develop a psychoanalytic reading about the contemporary phenomenon of self - mutilation. The question that led to our research was the pursuit to understand the function that cuts and self-inflicted injuries assume in relation with the psychic functioning of the subject. Our initial hypothesis was that the act of self-mutilation as a resource would consist in a defense against the instinctual excess. Freud\'s theoretical considerations regarding the actual neuroses have indicated the existence of an essential aspect related to the instinctual excess: the insufficiency of the psychic connection, which would be articulated to the level of narcissism. In face of that, we introduce the dimension of alterity in order to understand the process of constitution of the Ego in Freudian theory and the importance of the intersubjectivity in D. Winnicott\'s theory of maturation. In addition, the fact that self-mutilation has the body itself as its object - and, in most cases, the skin - has indicated the need for a discussion about these elements from the theoretical frame of psychoanalysis. Overall, it was possible to observe that the phenomenon of self-mutilation is articulated to the narcissistic constitutions clinical, arranged by a fragility concerning certain specificities of the relationship between the baby and the primary object. Since André Green\'s work is essential for this theorization, we use his contributions about the complex of the dead mother and the work of the negative. We have reached the conclusion that self-mutilation assumes a defensive function against the psychic suffering of the subject and, in a radical sense, against psychic death. Furthermore, we believe that the act as a resource also has a communicative dimension, especially in these cases, when it might be a form that was found by the subject to ask for help from the desire of being really seen. Finally, we try to understand the potencial of psychoanalysis face of this phenomenon, given the importance of recognizing the suffering of these subjects. In order to illustrate the theoretical considerations, we also proposed a link with materials from the online social network Tumblr

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Abstract As online social network services are becoming one of the dominant media channels the importance of disseminating messages through them is of high importance for governments, organizations, companies etc. The online social network services are several and changes rapidly as they grow and evolve. Being networks, the services give the user the tools to send, as well as receive text and information. This proposes us with yet another obstacle in communication via online social network services since sender and receiver merges together. Online social network services and the Blogosphere, which essentially also is a network, exist in the context of Web 2.0. The crucial feature of Web 2.0 is to a large degree the harnessing of collective intelligence i.e. the collection of individual knowledge and information. Many of the tools and sites within Web 2.0 are therefore of a network structure, hence further stressing the importance to communicate via networks in general. Network Analysis is the discipline through which we can see and understand the larger patterns of networks. In this thesis I have looked into three key concepts of Network Analysis; Weak Links, Growth and Preferential Attachment. I have found that we can use the knowledge of Network Analysis to disseminate messages via online social network services since it provides us with the raw structures of how networks tend to grow, and how messages tend to disseminate. Title: Web 2.0 and Network Society – PR and Communication: The Challenge of Online Social Networks Number of pages: 34 Author: Max Tandefelt Tutor: Else Nygren Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: HT 07 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University. Purpose/Aim: Facilitate message dissemination through online social network services, as they are becoming one of the dominant media channels Material/Method: Network Analysis Main results: I have presented crucial concepts of Network Analysis that can be used for message dissemination via online social network services Keywords: Online Social Network Services, Network Analysis, Web 2.0, Message Dissemination

In the age of Web 2.0 users contribute to platforms success by providing personal information by actively uploading information (e.g. messages, preferences, biographies) and also by leaving traces of their online behavoiour as can be derived from their clicks, navigation paths, etc. While there is a market for trading such information among companies, there is little knowledge about how users actually value their personal information. In an online survey-based experiment we have asked 1.045 Facebook users how much they would be willing to pay for keeping their personal information. Surprisingly, 48.1 percent of participants are not willing to pay a single Euro, - thus, valuing their information at zero. Results indicate that people that show 'spamming' behaviour and users that use Facebook for 'diary keeping' are significantly more willing to pay a certain amount higher than zero to be able to keep their personal Facebook information. Interestingly, having analysed various kinds of user behaviour, the regression model still explains no more than 14.2 percent of variance. Additionally, this article discusses four different method manipulations for eliciting people's willingness to pay for personal information and provides methodical guidance for future research in the field.

Abstract Context: Online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace have become the preferred interaction, entertainment and socializing facility on the Internet. However, these social network services also bring privacy issues in more limelight than ever. Several privacy leakage problems are highlighted in the literature with a variety of suggested countermeasures. Most of these measures further add complexity and management overhead for the user. One ignored aspect with the architecture of online social networks is that they do not offer any mechanism to calculate the strength of relationship between individuals. This information is quite useful to identify possible privacy threats. Objectives: In this study, we identify users’ privacy concerns and their satisfaction regarding privacy control measures provided by online social networks. Furthermore, this study explores data mining techniques to predict the levels/intensity of friendship in online social networks. This study also proposes a technique to utilize predicted friendship levels for privacy preservation in a semi-automatic privacy framework. Methods: An online survey is conducted to analyze Facebook users’ concerns as well as their interaction behavior with their good friends. On the basis of survey results, an experiment is performed to justify practical demonstration of data mining phases. Results: We found that users are concerned to save their private data. As a precautionary measure, they restrain to show their private information on Facebook due to privacy leakage fears. Additionally, individuals also perform some actions which they also feel as privacy vulnerability. This study further identifies that the importance of interaction type varies while communication. This research also discovered, “mutual friends” and “profile visits”, the two non-interaction based estimation metrics. Finally, this study also found an excellent performance of J48 and Naïve Bayes algorithms to classify friendship levels. Conclusions: The users are not satisfied with the privacy measures provided by the online social networks. We establish that the online social networks should offer a privacy mechanism which does not require a lot of privacy control effort from the users. This study also concludes that factors such as current status, interaction type need to be considered with the interaction count method in order to improve its performance. Furthermore, data mining classification algorithms are tailor-made for the prediction of friendship levels.

Although there has been much work done in the industry and academia on developing the theory and application of social networks as well as recommender systems, the relation between these research areas is still unclear. An innovative idea, which enables to integrate these areas, and applies recommendation systems to the online social network systems, is proposed in this thesis. Recommendation systems for social networks differ from the typical kinds of recommendation solutions, since they suggest human beings to other ones rather than inanimate goods. Thus, conventional recommendation methods should be enhanced by social features of the networks and their members. This thesis presents the result of the study on the recommendation framework for virtual communities. It also contains an overview of recent approaches to recommendation systems and social networks, as well as description of the online social network systems.

Orientador: Marcelo El Khouri Buzatto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gallardo_BarbaraCristina_D.pdf: 2620852 bytes, checksum: 55c3f4a997a603c243eaeb09adf2b394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O estudo parte da hipótese de que, na atualidade, o contato digital transnacional pode desenvolver a competência intercultural dos sujeitos, oportunizando a sua participação em letramentos e eventos sociodiscursivos autêntica, em contextos discursivos mais amplos que os possíveis no seu cotidiano off-line. Tomando como desejáveis e potencialmente inovadoras essas oportunidades no âmbito da formação de futuros professores de inglês, o estudo teve como objetivos primeiro, analisar as representações da identidade nacional constituídas no contexto dessas interações mediadas por computador e, segundo, investigar as principais facilidades e barreiras impostas pelo software escolhido para o estabelecimento e continuidade dessas relações transnacionais. Três estudantes brasileiras de Letras, de uma universidade estadual da região centro-oeste do Brasil estabeleceram contato com adultos estrangeiros no Facebook e com eles interagiram em língua inglesa por um período de seis meses, sob observação não-participante da pesquisadora. O corpus foi constituído do registro dessas interações, colhidos periodicamente pelos próprios sujeitos, totalizando 9.320 palavras. Para triangulação, foram consideradas transcrições de 3 horas de entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com as participantes brasileiras e resultados de questionários aplicados preliminarmente às observações. Utilizou-se a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) para desvendar a organização linguística e ideológica dos discursos nacionais acionados na transição para o contexto (interlocutor) transnacional online. Adicionalmente, utilizou-se o modelo de identidade social de efeitos de desindividuação (SIDE) para identificar visões estereotipadas e de identidades coletivas envolvidas nessas interações online. Os resultados sugerem a hibridação de estratégias do discurso de contextos off-line com os recursos multimodais dos contextos online. Em seus discursos identitários, os sujeitos adotaram estereótipos oriundos de centros geradores das dinâmicas de globalização, tanto em escala regional (sudeste do Brasil) como em escala mundial (os EUA). A falta de criticidade verificada no discurso no contexto estudado aponta a necessidade de projetos que articulem uma educação para a globalização não unilateral com a educação em línguas estrangeiras na formação do professor e do cidadão / Abstract: This study was developed under the assumption that, currently, transnational digital contact can develop intercultural competence, providing opportunities for people's participation in authentic literacy and sociodiscursive events in discursive contexts wider than those possible in offline contexts. Taking as desirable and potentially innovative these opportunities in the education of future English teachers, the study aimed first, to analyze representations of national identity in the context of these computer-mediated interactions and, second, to investigate the main facilities and barriers imposed by the software chosen for the establishment and continuity of these transnational relations. Three Brazilian students from a Liberal Arts course at a state university in the Midwest of Brazil established contact with foreigner adults on Facebook and interacted with them in English for six months under non-participant observation of the researcher. The corpus consisted of the register of these interactions, collected basically by the subjects themselves, with a total 9.320 words. For the triangulation of data it was considered transcripts of three hours of semi-structured interviews with Brazilian participants and preliminary results of questionnaires answered before the observation. A Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach was used to unveil linguistic organization and ideological reproduction of national speeches in the transition to the online international context (interlocutor). Principles of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) were additionally used to identify stereotypes and collective identities involved in these online interactions. The results suggest a hybridization of discourse strategies taken from both offline contexts and online contexts with its multimodal resources. The participants used stereotypes in their speeches that come from big cities where globalization dynamics are generated, both at a regional scale (southeastern Brazil) and worldwide (the U.S.A.). The lack of critical views verified in the discourse and context observed indicates the need for projects that articulate an education for non-unilateral globalization and an education for foreign language teachers and citizens / Doutorado / Linguagem e Tecnologia / Doutora em Lingüística Aplicada

[pt] A vigilância eletrônica interpessoal consiste na busca de informações sobre o parceiro amoroso nas redes sociais e visa à obtenção de conhecimento sobre seus comportamentos off-line e/ou on-line. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e validar a Escala de Vigilância Eletrônica Interpessoal para as Redes Sociais no Brasil (ISS-Brasil). A escala foi traduzida para o português brasileiro e aplicada em uma amostra de 373 participantes, que responderam a um questionário on-line. Foi verificada a estrutura empírica da escala, computadas correlações com satisfação no relacionamento, apego adulto, cyberstalking, autoestima e isolamento durante a pandemia de Covid em 2020, além de verificada sua consistência interna. Correlacionou-se o escore da escala do grupo de participantes que viviam juntos com seus parceiros amorosos, desde o auge da pandemia da Covid em 2020 até hoje e o grau de isolamento social devido à pandemia. O mesmo foi feito com o grupo dos que viviam separados. Foram testadas diferenças de média da ISS-Brasil entre parceiros amorosos que viviam juntos e separados desde o isolamento de 2020 até o momento presente. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo teve bom ajuste e consistência interna. Não houve correlação significativa da vigilância com o isolamento social. As correlações entre vigilância e cyberstalking, apego adulto ansioso e autoestima foram significativas. Participantes que moravam juntos com parceiros amorosos na pandemia apresentaram médias menores na escala ISS-Brasil do aqueles que moravam separados. Os resultados apontam que a ISS-Brasil é adequada para mensurar a vigilância eletrônica interpessoal no contexto Brasil, apresenando adequadas propriedades psicométricas. / [en] Interpersonal electronic surveillance involves seeking information about a romantic partner on social media platforms, aiming to gain insights into their offline and/or on-line behaviors. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Interpersonal Electronic Surveillance Scale for Social Media in Brazil (ISS-Brazil). The scale was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and administered to a sample of 373 participants who completed an on-line questionnaire. The empirical structure of the scale was examined, and correlations were computed with relationship satisfaction, adult attachment, cyberstalking, self-esteem, and isolation during the 2020 Covid pandemic, in addition to verifying its internal consistency. The scores on the scale were correlated within groups of participants who lived together with their romantic partners from the peak of the Covid pandemic in 2020 until the present and the degree of social isolation due to the pandemic. The same was done for the group of participants who lived separately. Mean differences in ISS-Brazil scores between romantic partners living together and apart since the 2020 isolation were tested. The results indicated that the model had a good fit and internal consistency. There was no significant correlation between surveillance and social isolation. Significant correlations were found between surveillance and cyberstalking, anxious adult attachment, and self-esteem. Participants living together with romantic partners during the pandemic had lower mean scores on the ISS-Brazil scale than those living separately. The findings suggest that the ISS-Brazil scale is suitable for measuring interpersonal electronic surveillance in the Brazilian context, presenting adequate psychometric properties.