Yes / Smart cities are shifting the presence of people from physical world to cyber world (cyberspace). Along with the facilities for societies, the troubles of physical world, such as bullying, aggression and hate speech, are also taking their presence emphatically in cyberspace. This paper aims to dig the posts of social media to identify the bullying comments containing text as well as image. In this paper, we have proposed a unified representation of text and image together to eliminate the need for separate learning modules for image and text. A single-layer Convolutional Neural Network model is used with a unified representation. The major findings of this research are that the text represented as image is a better model to encode the information. We also found that single-layer Convolutional Neural Network is giving better results with two-dimensional representation. In the current scenario, we have used three layers of text and three layers of a colour image to represent the input that gives a recall of 74% of the bullying class with one layer of Convolutional Neural Network. / Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India

[pt] O uso das redes sociais vem sendo reportado como uma prática que atravessa o campo profissional, muitas vezes ocasionando prejuízos para seus usuários nesta esfera de suas vidas. Dentre os inúmeros membros que fazem parte delas, estão os psicanalistas, que, em seus pressupostos teóricos e técnicos originais, recebem a instrução para que mantenham partes de suas individualidades reservadas de pacientes, ao mesmo tempo em que fazem parte desta prática social cuja dinâmica de uso envolve uma voluntária exposição de aspectos pessoais em redes de relacionamento on-line. Diante desta realidade, como se posicionam os psicanalistas? Eles publicam dados pessoais? De que tipo? Seus pacientes fazem parte das suas redes de relacionamento on-line? Há alguma consideração clínica no uso que fazem delas? Partindo de tais questionamentos, o presente trabalho procura refletir sobre as questões postas inicialmente, assim como tornar mais clara a dinâmica de uso das redes sociais, por parte destes profissionais. Para alcançar estes objetivos, foram realizadas entrevistas com psicanalistas que usam redes sociais há, no mínimo, três meses. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir do Método da Explicitação do Discurso Subjacente (MEDS) e os resultados apontaram para um panorama inicial em que três vertentes se destacam: imagem profissional, desejos pessoais e implicações clínicas. / [en] The use of social networks has recently been reported as interfering in the professional field, what may cause some damages for the users in this part of their lifes. Among the users, some are psychoanalysts, who in their s original theorical and technical recomendations, receive instructions to preserve parts of their selves from patients. On the other hand, at the same time, they are part of this social practice, which dynamics includes voluntary revelation of personal information s in on-line social networks. As part of this reality, how do psychoanalysts place theirselves? Do they publish personal informations? Of which kind? Their patients are part of their contacts on social networks? Is there any clinical aspect that is being considerated in their use? From all these questions, the present study intent to discuss these initial issues, as well to clarify how is the dynamics of use of social networks by these professionals. To aim these goals, some interviews were maid with psychoanalysts that use social networks for, at least, tree months. The data were analyzed by the use of MEDS and the results aim at an initial landscape that announces tree dimensions: professional image, personal desires and clinical aspects.

In recent years, there has been a flood of continuously changing information from a variety of web resources such as web databases, web sites, web services and programs. Online Social Networks (OSNs) represent such a field where huge amounts of information are being posted online over time. Due to the nature of OSNs, which offer a productive source for qualitative and quantitative personal information, researchers from various disciplines contribute to developing methods for extracting data from OSNs. However, there is limited research which addresses extracting data automatically. To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no research which focuses on tracking the real time changes of information retrieved from OSN profiles over time and this motivated the present work. This thesis presents different approaches for automated Data Extraction (DE) from OSN: crawler, parser, Multi Agent System (MAS) and Application Programming Interface (API). Initially, a parser was implemented as a centralized system to traverse the OSN graph and extract the profile's attributes and list of friends from Myspace, the top OSN at that time, by parsing the Myspace profiles and extracting the relevant tokens from the parsed HTML source files. A Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm was used to travel across the generated OSN friendship graph in order to select the next profile for parsing. The approach was implemented and tested on two types of friends: top friends and all friends. In case of top friends, 500 seed profiles have been visited; 298 public profiles were parsed to get 2197 top friends' profiles and 2747 friendship edges, while in case of all friends, 250 public profiles have been parsed to extract 10,196 friends' profiles and 17,223 friendship edges. This approach has two main limitations. The system is designed as a centralized system that controlled and retrieved information of each user's profile just once. This means that the extraction process will stop if the system fails to process one of the profiles; either the seed profile (first profile to be crawled) or its friends. To overcome this problem, an Online Social Network Retrieval System (OSNRS) is proposed to decentralize the DE process from OSN through using MAS. The novelty of OSNRS is its ability to monitor profiles continuously over time. The second challenge is that the parser had to be modified to cope with changes in the profiles' structure. To overcome this problem, the proposed OSNRS is improved through use of an API tool to enable OSNRS agents to obtain the required fields of an OSN profile despite modifications in the representation of the profile's source web pages. The experimental work shows that using API and MAS simplifies and speeds up the process of tracking a profile's history. It also helps security personnel, parents, guardians, social workers and marketers in understanding the dynamic behaviour of OSN users. This thesis proposes solutions for web database processing on data extraction from OSNs by the use of parser and MAS and discusses the limitations and improvements.

Durante la última década, el dominio digital se convirtió en una parte integral de nuestra vida cotidiana. Hoy en día, la transición que experimentábamos anteriormente mudando de los espacios actuales de comunicación al ciberespacio, cuando Internet era una novedad en nuestras vidas, ya no es aplicable, pasamos de uno al otro con la facilidad de pasar de una habitación a otra. En este contexto, conocimos la arquitectura participativa de la Web 2.0 y el concepto de las redes sociales online, y poco a poco, hemos pasado de la invisibilidad del ciberespacio a la super-visibilidad que tenemos hoy en día. Con todos estos factores en juego, nuestras formas de definir, entender y construir nuestras identidades han cambiado considerablemente.

No description available.

abstract: Users often join an online social networking (OSN) site, like Facebook, to remain social, by either staying connected with friends or expanding social networks. On an OSN site, users generally share variety of personal information which is often expected to be visible to their friends, but sometimes vulnerable to unwarranted access from others. The recent study suggests that many personal attributes, including religious and political affiliations, sexual orientation, relationship status, age, and gender, are predictable using users' personal data from an OSN site. The majority of users want to remain socially active, and protect their personal data at the same time. This tension leads to a user's vulnerability, allowing privacy attacks which can cause physical and emotional distress to a user, sometimes with dire consequences. For example, stalkers can make use of personal information available on an OSN site to their personal gain. This dissertation aims to systematically study a user vulnerability against such privacy attacks. A user vulnerability can be managed in three steps: (1) identifying, (2) measuring and (3) reducing a user vulnerability. Researchers have long been identifying vulnerabilities arising from user's personal data, including user names, demographic attributes, lists of friends, wall posts and associated interactions, multimedia data such as photos, audios and videos, and tagging of friends. Hence, this research first proposes a way to measure and reduce a user vulnerability to protect such personal data. This dissertation also proposes an algorithm to minimize a user's vulnerability while maximizing their social utility values. To address these vulnerability concerns, social networking sites like Facebook usually let their users to adjust their profile settings so as to make some of their data invisible. However, users sometimes interact with others using unprotected posts (e.g., posts from a ``Facebook page\footnote{The term ''Facebook page`` refers to the page which are commonly dedicated for businesses, brands and organizations to share their stories and connect with people.}''). Such interactions help users to become more social and are publicly accessible to everyone. Thus, visibilities of these interactions are beyond the control of their profile settings. I explore such unprotected interactions so that users' are well aware of these new vulnerabilities and adopt measures to mitigate them further. In particular, {\em are users' personal attributes predictable using only the unprotected interactions}? To answer this question, I address a novel problem of predictability of users' personal attributes with unprotected interactions. The extreme sparsity patterns in users' unprotected interactions pose a serious challenge. Therefore, I approach to mitigating the data sparsity challenge by designing a novel attribute prediction framework using only the unprotected interactions. Experimental results on Facebook dataset demonstrates that the proposed framework can predict users' personal attributes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2015

The research takes into account the penetration of information and communication technologies in all spheres of human activity and the configuration of logic networks as central to contemporary social organization. In this context, the study focuses on the communication phenomenon of online social networks for social mobilization in the case of the tragedy of Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria - RS. Therefore, we built our research problem in seeking to understand how and by whom collective identities were constructed in social mobilizations organized by Facebook around the tragedy of Nightclub Kiss. Therefore, the main objective of the research was to investigate the collective identities constructed via online social networks in order to identify the role of online social networks to organize the protests network. This general objective derives specific: identify generating feelings of these mobilizations and possible implications for the construction of collective identities; was to investigate how this organization, which existing conflicts and how actions were effected by these collectives. The data that make up the cutout of the study were collected through online and offline observations and semi-structured interviews with subjects participating in two mobilizations in the urban area of Santa Maria and from three events created on Facebook as a result of the fire: the Walk to Peace (organized from Facebook events Walk Mourning and Walk to Peace) and Protest for Justice (organized by event Protest for Justice). As a theoretical framework we seek the reflections of researchers of social movements, movements in networks, social movements and social networks like Touraine (2009), Castells (2012), Toro (1996) e Recuero (2009). As a result, we noticed that subjects formed networks to mobilize action through online social network Facebook, promote volunteerism, gather information and encourage debate about the responsibility of the fire. The mobilizations were analyzed based primarily by feelings of solidarity and outrage. In short, organized communication networks, sharing affects, debating positions contrary and uniting to overcome pain in the form of social mobilization actions. / A pesquisa leva em conta a penetrabilidade das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação em todas as esferas da atividade humana e a configuração da lógica de redes como central para a organização social contemporânea. Nesse contexto, o estudo tem como foco o fenômeno comunicacional das redes sociais online para mobilização social no caso da tragédia da Boate Kiss, em Santa Maria - RS. Assim, construímos nosso problema de pesquisa que identidades coletivas e sentimentos foram acionados no Facebook para mobilizações sociais em torno da tragédia da Boate Kiss? Portanto, o objetivo principal da pesquisa é investigar as identidades coletivas e sentimentos acionados via redes sociais online, de modo a identificar o papel das redes sociais online para a organização das mobilizações em rede. Desse objetivo geral decorrem os específicos: identificar os sentimentos geradores destas mobilizações e possíveis implicações na construção de identidades coletivas; investigar como foi esta organização, quais os conflitos existentes e como as ações foram efetivadas por estes coletivos. Para alcançar nossos objetivos utilizamos como metodologia um estudo de caso, a partir de observações online e offline. Os dados que compõem o recorte do estudo foram coletados por meio de observações online e offline e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sujeitos participantes de duas mobilizações no espaço urbano de Santa Maria e oriundas de três eventos criados no Facebook em decorrência do incêndio: a Caminhada da Paz (organizada a partir dos eventos do Facebook Caminhada do Luto e Caminhada da Paz) e o Protesto por Justiça (organizado pelo evento Protesto por Justiça).Como marco teórico buscamos as reflexões de pesquisadores de movimentos sociais, movimentos em rede, mobilizações sociais e redes sociais como Touraine (2009), Castells (2012), Toro (1996) e Recuero (2009). Como resultados, percebemos que sujeitos formaram redes para mobilizar ações através da rede social online Facebook, promover voluntariado, reunir informações e fomentar debates sobre a responsabilidade do incêndio. As mobilizações analisadas foram baseadas principalmente pelos sentimentos de solidariedade e indignação. Em suma, organizaram redes de comunicação, partilhando afetos, debatendo posicionamentos contrários e unindo-se para superação da dor em forma de ações de mobilização social.

Betrieb eines Knotens in einem Distributed Semantic Social Network. Der Knoten umfasst Funktionen zur Erstellung einer persönlichen Beschreibung, zur Verwaltung von Freundschaftsbeziehungen und zur Kommunikation mit anderen Teilnehmern des Netzwerks. Die entstandene Implementierung ist bereits auf leistungsschwacher, kostengünstiger und energieeffizienter Hardware praktisch im Einsatz. Zusätzlich wurden ihre Skalierungseigenschaften in einem Testaufbau mit mehreren Knoten untersucht.

Réseaux sociaux (RS) (par exemple, Facebook, Twitter et LinkedIn) ont gagné en popularité écrasante et accumulé des données numériques massives sur la société humaine. Ces données massives, représentant de l’information personnelle et sociale des individus, nous offrent des possibilités sans précédent pour étudier, analyser et modéliser la structure de réseau complexe, les relations humaines, les gens similitude, etc. Pendant ce temps, les RS ont déclenché un grand nombre d’applications et de services qui rentables chercher à maintenir des liens de vibrer et l’expérience des utilisateurs d’avance. Dans ce contexte, comment concevoir ces applications et les services, en particulier comment extraire et d’exploiter des fonctionnalités sociales efficaces à partir des données massives disponibles pour améliorer les applications et les services, a reçu beaucoup d’attention. Cette thèse, visant à améliorer les applications et les services sociaux, étudie trois questions essentielles et pratiques RS: (1) Comment pouvons-nous explorer les amis potentiels pour un utilisateur d’établir et d’élargir ses liens sociaux? (2) comment pouvons-nous découvrir un contenu intéressant pour un utilisateur pour satisfaire ses goûts personnels? (3) comment pouvons-nous informer un utilisateur du risque d’exposition de son information privée pour préserver sa vie privée? S’appuyant sur les idées sur la similarité de personnes dans les sciences sociales, cette thèse étudie les effets et les applications de l’utilisateur similitude dans les RS pour résoudre les problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus. Plus précisément, les sociologues suggèrent que la similitude engendre connexion et induit principe homophilie que les gens similaires (par exemple, même âge, l’éducation ou la profession) sont plus susceptibles de communiquer, de confiance et de partager l’information avec l’autre que ceux dissemblables. Inspiré par ces résultats, cette thèse étudie le principe de similitude répandue dans RS en termes de savoir si les utilisateurs similaires seraient proches dans leurs relations sociales, similaire dans leurs intérêts, ou approximative dans leur géo distance, en se appuyant sur 500K profils d’utilisateurs recueillies auprès de Facebook; il explore en outre des solutions pour exploiter efficacement le principe de similitude observée pour concevoir les quatre applications et des services sociaux suivantes: • Effets de Similarité de L’utilisateur sur Lien Prévision pour les Nouveaux Utilisateurs : nous analysons la prédiction de liaison pour les nouveaux utilisateurs qui n’ont pas créé de lien. Basé sur l’information limitée obtenu lors de votre inscription la procédure de nouveaux utilisateurs, ainsi que les attributs et les liens des utilisateurs existants dans un RS, nous étudions la façon dont beaucoup de similitude entre deux utilisateurs affecterait la probabilité qu’ils se lient d’amitié. En conséquence, nous proposons un modèle de prédiction de liaison efficace pour les nouveaux utilisateurs. • Similarité Minière de L’utilisateur pour la Découverte de Contenu en Réseaux P2P Sociale : nous examinons comment similarité et connaissances des participants dans RS pourraient bénéficier leur découverte de contenu dans les réseaux P2P. Nous construisons un modèle de réseau P2P sociale où chaque pair attribue plus de poids à ses amis dans RS qui ont similarité supérieur et plus de connaissances. Utilisation de marche aléatoire avec la méthode de redémarrage, nous présentons un nouveau contenu algorithme de découverte le dessus du modèle de réseau P2P sociale proposé. • Inspection intérêt similarité - Prédiction et Application : nous présentons des études empiriques détaillées sur les intérêts similitude et de révéler que les gens sont susceptibles de présenter des goûts similaires s’ils ont des informations démographiques similaires (par exemple, âge, lieu), ou s’elles sont amis. Par conséquent, étant donné un nouvel utilisateur dont les intérêts (...) / Online Social Networks (OSNs) (e.g., Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn) have gained overwhelming popularity and accumulated massive digital data about human society. These massive data, representing individuals' personal and social information, provide us with unprecedented opportunities to study, analyze and model the complex network structure, human connections, people similarity, etc. Meanwhile, OSNs have triggered a large number of profitable applications and services which seek to maintain vibrate connections and advance users' experience. In this context, how to devise such applications and services, especially how to extract and exploit effective social features from the massive available data to enhance the applications and services, has received much attention. This dissertation, aiming to enhance the social applications and services, investigates three critical and practical issues in OSNs: (1) How can we explore potential friends for a user to establish and enlarge her social connections? (2) How can we discover interesting content for a user to satisfy her personal tastes? (3) How can we inform a user the exposure risk of her private information to preserve her privacy? Drawing on the insights about people's similarity in social science, this dissertation studies the widespread similarity principle in OSN in terms of whether similar users would be close in their social relationships, similar in their interests, or approximate in their geo-distance, relying on 500K user profiles collected from Facebook; it further explores solutions to effectively leverage the observed similarity principle to address the aforementioned practical issues

In recent years, there has been a ood of continuously changing information from a variety of web resources such as web databases, web sites, web services and programs. Online Social Networks (OSNs) represent such a eld where huge amounts of information are being posted online over time. Due to the nature of OSNs, which o er a productive source for qualitative and quantitative personal information, researchers from various disciplines contribute to developing methods for extracting data from OSNs. However, there is limited research which addresses extracting data automatically. To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no research which focuses on tracking the real time changes of information retrieved from OSN pro les over time and this motivated the present work. This thesis presents di erent approaches for automated Data Extraction (DE) from OSN: crawler, parser, Multi Agent System (MAS) and Application Programming Interface (API). Initially, a parser was implemented as a centralized system to traverse the OSN graph and extract the pro- le's attributes and list of friends from Myspace, the top OSN at that time, by parsing the Myspace pro les and extracting the relevant tokens from the parsed HTML source les. A Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm was used to travel across the generated OSN friendship graph in order to select the next pro le for parsing. The approach was implemented and tested on two types of friends: top friends and all friends. In case of top friends, 500 seed pro les have been visited; 298 public pro les were parsed to get 2197 top friends pro les and 2747 friendship edges, while in case of all friends, 250 public pro les have been parsed to extract 10,196 friends' pro les and 17,223 friendship edges. This approach has two main limitations. The system is designed as a centralized system that controlled and retrieved information of each user's pro le just once. This means that the extraction process will stop if the system fails to process one of the pro les; either the seed pro le ( rst pro le to be crawled) or its friends. To overcome this problem, an Online Social Network Retrieval System (OSNRS) is proposed to decentralize the DE process from OSN through using MAS. The novelty of OSNRS is its ability to monitor pro les continuously over time. The second challenge is that the parser had to be modi ed to cope with changes in the pro les' structure. To overcome this problem, the proposed OSNRS is improved through use of an API tool to enable OSNRS agents to obtain the required elds of an OSN pro le despite modi cations in the representation of the pro le's source web pages. The experimental work shows that using API and MAS simpli es and speeds up the process of tracking a pro le's history. It also helps security personnel, parents, guardians, social workers and marketers in understanding the dynamic behaviour of OSN users. This thesis proposes solutions for web database processing on data extraction from OSNs by the use of parser and MAS and discusses the limitations and improvements. / Taibah University