京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(教育学) / 甲第24351号 / 教博第281号 / 新制||教||214(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科教育科学専攻 / (主査)教授 飯吉 透, 教授 杉本 均, 教授 南部 広孝 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Education) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Submitted by Silvar Ribeiro (silvarfribeiro@gmail.com) on 2015-07-31T02:49:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Revisão_Final.pdf: 6102234 bytes, checksum: ba33232b55704651aa8b704eb385cf82 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-08-27T17:28:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Revisão_Final.pdf: 6102234 bytes, checksum: ba33232b55704651aa8b704eb385cf82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-27T17:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Revisão_Final.pdf: 6102234 bytes, checksum: ba33232b55704651aa8b704eb385cf82 (MD5) / Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior - PDSE - CAPES Proc N.º BEX 3517/13-6 / Esta pesquisa trata do mapeamento de Práticas inovadoras de gestão do conhecimento, observadas na Uneb, no âmbito do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). Realizou-se um estudo dos processos de gestão do conhecimento, que foram desenvolvidos em rede e praticados de forma colaborativa pelas universidades que fazem parte da UAB. Constatou-se que estes processos foram criados desde a concepção do projeto da UAB e implementados no período de consolidação da modalidade de educação a distância nas universidades públicas brasileiras, que teve início no ano de 2006 com sua a criação. Foram utilizadas técnicas de mapeamento cognitivo para desenvolver as análises, buscando-se a utilização desta experiência e a sua sistematização, para delinear o processo que recebeu o nome de Gestão Colaborativa do Conhecimento em Rede (GCCR), concebido no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa e que utiliza as tecnologias da informação na gestão do conhecimento na universidade. Após o Mapeamento dos processos, realizados a partir da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, considerando a sua participação na UAB e a sua interação com as demais instituições que o integram, foram realizadas reflexões com a utilização de modelos de análises, desenvolvidos para este fim, através das quais foram considerados os aspectos legais e as diretrizes criadas pelo Sistema UAB, desde a sua concepção e que motivaram a sua morfologia de rede colaborativa. Foram analisadas, ainda, as práticas interativas nos processos de gestão do conhecimento, os quais foram desenhados em forma de mapas, a partir dos referenciais teóricos assumidos neste estudo. Os referenciais para o estudo das competências e do exercício prático da competência colaboração pelos coordenadores UAB, representantes das instituições de ensino superior integrantes do Sistema, no seu dia a dia, foram o resultado do estágio de doutorado sanduíche, realizado na Open University, no Reino Unido em 2013, de onde vieram também as discussões sobre Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) e o aprofundamento das técnicas da cartografia cognitiva, amplamente empregada. Os procedimentos de gestão decorrentes deste processo foram registrados e analisados para dar-lhes maior visibilidade, buscando maior consistência à sua compreensão como processo gerencial e visando a possibilitar o seu uso em prol da qualidade da gestão do conhecimento na educação superior a distância. Os resultados deixam evidente a existência de um processo inovador de gestão do conhecimento na universidade, que tem como base principal o exercício da competência colaboração e se concretiza através de uma rede de interações entre os componentes do sistema, utilizando-se comunidades virtuais na Internet, criadas para este fim e outras estruturas de encontros presenciais, sistematicamente realizados. / ABSTRACT This research focuses on the mapping of innovative practices of knowledge management, observed in UNEB under the Open University System of Brazil (UAB). It was conducted a study of knowledge management processes that have been developed and practiced collaboratively on network by universities that are part of UAB. It was found that these processes have been created since the conception of the UAB project and implemented in the period of consolidation of distance learning in Brazilian public universities, which began in 2006 with UAB‟s creation. The cognitive mapping techniques were used to develop the analysis, seeking to use this experience and their systematization, to outline the process that was named Collaborative Knowledge Management Network (CKMN), designed in the development of this research and uses information technology in knowledge management at the university. After mapping the processes performed from the University of the State of Bahia, considering its participation in the UAB and its interaction with other institutions that integrate, reflections were performed with the use of analyzes models, developed for this purpose, through the which were considered the legal aspects and guidelines created by the UAB System, from conception and giving rise to the morphology of collaborative network. Were also analyzed, interactive practices in knowledge management processes, which were designed in the form of maps, from the theoretical references made in this study. The reference for the study of the skills and practical exercise of jurisdiction by UAB collaboration coordinators, representatives of higher education institutions members of the System, in their day to day, were the result of sandwich doctoral stage, held at the Open University in the United Kingdom in 2013, from which also came the discussions on Open Educational Resources (OER) and the further development of techniques of cognitive mapping, widely used. Management procedures of this process were recorded and analyzed to give them greater visibility, seeking greater consistency to its understanding as a management process and in order to allow its use for the quality of knowledge management in distance higher education. The results show clearly the existence of an innovative process of knowledge management in the university, which is mainly based on the exercise of the competence of collaboration realized by a network of interactions between system components, using virtual communities on the Internet, created for this purpose and other face meetings structures, systematically performed.

A partir de 1948 la société palestinienne est déstabilisée suite à la guerre qui voit la perte de la Palestine historique. La grande majorité des Palestiniens se retrouve dispersée dans les pays de la région et au-delà de la Méditerranée. Aussi l'élite ancienne construite à partir de fondements religieux, familiaux ou de richesses foncières se retrouve elle aussi expulsée de ses terres. Elle perd donc ses positions de privilèges, désemparée et désorientée, elle ne reviendra plus jamais au devant de la scène nationale palestinienne. Ce sont les hommes qui dirigeront la lutte pour la récupération de la Palestine de 1948, ensuite et à partir de 1967 contre l'occupation de la Cisjordanie et de la bande de Gaza (partie de la Palestine historique) d'abord sous forme de lutte armée ensuite par la diplomatie et la politique de négociations, qui deviennent les nouvelles figures sur la scène politique palestinienne. Ils sont originaires non de l'ancienne bourgeoisie religieuse et familiale mais de la classe moyenne des villes et des zones rurales qui vont recruter dans les camps de réfugiés les futurs combattants. Ce sont les nouveaux dirigeants. C'est un processus qui a commencé dès la moitié des années 1960 pour se consolider avec la création de partis et mouvements palestiniens opérant dans les divers pays d'accueil de la région. Cette nouvelle élite se conforme aux changements et aléas de la diplomatie internationale et d'un rapport de force inégal face à Israël tout au long du conflit israélo-palestinien. Pour comprendre l'évolution des élites palestiniennes il fallait donc adopter l'approche historique des événements et faits marquants touchant le peuple palestinien depuis 1948 jusqu'à l'après-Oslo (1993) ; vingt ans d'Autorité Nationale Palestinienne caractérisée par une souveraineté limitée aux principales villes de la Cisjordanie et de la bande de Gaza, au contraire de ce qu'avaient stipulé les Accords de 1993 : ceux-ci devaient progresser vers le statut définitif des Territoires occupés en 1967. C'est dans ces territoires occupés depuis 1967, en Cisjordanie et dans la bande de Gaza, que se situe donc notre terrain de recherche. À partir de 1993 les dirigeants rapatriés de l'exil formant les membres dirigeants de l'Autorité nationale, vont favoriser les initiatives de palestiniens, en particulier, les figures proéminentes des villes, dans la création d'établissements universitaires. Ceci est entrepris non seulement pour répondre aux besoins d'éducation d'une population jeune dans un acte de résilience face à l'occupation, mais aussi pour répondre aux exigences du projet de construction des institutions du futur Etat à l'intérieur des Territoires de 1967. De nouvelles compétences, de nouveaux savoir-faire devenaient nécessaires dans cette nouvelle situation du post-Oslo où, en parallèle à la lutte politique, l'enseignement supérieur devenait un enjeu vital pour l'existence de la société palestinienne dont l'ambition est d'avoir une place à part entière parmi les nations modernes du monde. D'autres figures émergeront à partir de ces universités pour former une nouvelle et différente élite qui gouvernera dans un contexte de règles démocratiques où le pouvoir ne sera pas exclusivement dans la main de quelques dirigeants. L'OLP, dès 1990, va créer une Université pour tous, l'Université Ouverte Al-Quds (l'UOQ), se basant sur le mode ouvert et à distance. C'était un choix devenu urgent pour surmonter les difficultés et les entraves qu'imposait l'occupation. L'UOQ connaîtra un grand succès comme en témoigne le nombre grossissant de ses inscrits dans un contexte de tension. Plus tard et malgré son offre limitée dans les disciplines d'études, elle va attirer les jeunes à la recherche d'un métier, les adultes pour poursuivre des études inachevées, les femmes pour la proximité de ses centres d'études. / Starting from 1948 the Palestinian society is destabilized by the war which saw the loss of historic Palestine. The vast majority of Palestinians are scattered in the countries of the region and beyond the Mediterranean. The old elite originating from religious, family or land ownership backgrounds lost also all its possessions and, consequently, all its influential positions. Helpless and disoriented, this elite will never return to the forefront of the Palestinian national scene. It is the men who lead the struggle for the recovery of Palestine of 1948, and then, from 1967 onwards, against the occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (part of historic Palestine), first in an armed struggle then through diplomacy and political negotiations, who become the new figures of the Palestinian political scene under the umbrella of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the PLO. They come from outside the well-known religious families and the Palestinian bourgeoisie, but rather from the middle class of towns or from rural areas who will recruit in the refugee camps the future fighters. These are the new leaders. It is a process that began in the mid-1960s and was progressively consolidated through the creation of Palestinian parties and movements operating in various host countries in the region. This new elite adapts itself to the changes and vagaries of international diplomacy and to an imbalance of power against Israel throughout the years of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In order to understand the process of the forming of Palestinian elites it was necessary to adopt the approach of historical events and facts related to the Palestinian people since 1948 until the post-Oslo (1993). The last twenty years saw a Palestinian National Authority characterized by sovereignty limited to the main cities of the West Bank and Gaza strip, contrary to what had been stipulated in the Oslo Agreements of 1993 : these were to lead to a final settlement concerning the status of the Territories occupied in 1967. The focus of our research is therefore the society in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Starting from 1993, the leaders returning from exile and who formed the ruling members of the National Authority supported the initiatives of Palestinians, in particular, the prominent figures of the cities, in the creation and development of academic establishments and universities as a way not only to meet with the need of education of the young in a resiliency act to face occupation, but also to respond to the demands of building the future State institutions inside the 1967 lines. New skills, new competences were required in this new phase of the post-Oslo evolution where, along the political struggle, higher education became vital to the existence of the Palestinian society who ambitions to have a full-fledged position among the modern states of the world. Other new figures will arise from these universities to form a new, different elite in a context of democracy rules where power will not be exclusively in the hands of a few rulers. The PLO in 1990, had created a University for all, the al-Quds Open University (QOU), based on the mode of open and distance learning. This was a choice made urgent by the restrictions and the obstacles imposed by the occupying forces. QOU became particularly attractive as evidenced by the large numbers of its registered students and as the situation grew more tense. Later on and despite its limited offer of study disciplines it drew students needing to secure job, adults wanting to pursue unfinished studies, women who found it easy to access the University study centers.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les mutations engendrées par la globalisation numérique au sein de dispositifs de formation à distance. Elle s’intéresse au cas spécifique des universités ouvertes dans plusieurs pays. Ces systèmes, qui permettent généralement l’accès aux études à distance et sans condition spécifique d’admission, diffusent de façon massive des programmes d’enseignement. Majoritairement présentes en Asie, elles se sont implantées dans de nombreux pays, en particulier dans le Commonwealth. Le cas des universités ouvertes permet ainsi d’adopter une perspective comparative, sur des terrains habituellement peu fréquentés par la recherche francophone. À travers l’analyse d’entretiens confrontés à des discours institutionnels, la thèse s’appuie sur une méthodologie permettant de qualifier la transition numérique au sein de huit universités ouvertes du monde, en Afrique, en Europe et en Asie. Elle propose un modèle de compréhension des mutations subies dans ces organisations distancielles dans une perspective globale (MOTION). Ce modèle permet de décrire un système dans sa dynamique d’évolution et d’anticiper les évolutions futures. / This thesis explores the variations of digital globalization within distance-learning systems. It studies the specific case of open universities in different countries. These systems, which generally provide access to post-secondary education with no prior requirement for admissions, develop educational programs on a massive scale. These programs, located in many countries, are predominantly active in Asia and most particularly in the Commonwealth. This example allows us to adopt a comparative perspective in an area that is not typically explored through Francophone research. Through the analysis of interviews contrasted to institutional discourses, the thesis presents a methodology qualifying the digital transition in eight open universities of the world: Africa, Europe and Asia. It proposes a model for understanding the transformations experienced in these distance-learning organizations within a global perspective (MOTION). This model provides a description of the dynamics within a system’s evolution process and anticipate future evolutions.