Den Wunsch, dass wissenschaftliche Inhalte frei verfügbar und nutzbar sein sollten, gibt es nicht erst seit dem tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel durch das Internet. Die technischen Möglichkeiten haben diesen Wunsch allerdings in eine konkrete Forderung gewandelt, die sich in dem Begriff Open Access manifestiert, und die von nationalen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen getragen wird. Die Internationale Open Access Week gilbt all - jährlich als Anlass, um Open Access nicht nur in Fachkreisen zu diskutieren, sondern auch mit WissenschaftlerInnen, StudentInnen und allen Interessierten. Die SLUB Dresden hat die Woche vom 22. bis 28. Oktober genutzt, um für Open Access mit verschiedenen Veranstaltungen zu werben.

Research in scholarly communication is usually limited to the use and dissemination of scientific material by scholars. This excludes the transfer of knowledge from research producers to service providers. Some may argue the primary function of science is to investigate the conditions in the lab so everyday interactions with the environment are more effective and efficient. This is the underlying philosophy of the science of behavior analysis. Comprised of a basic science, an applied science and a philosophy the field of behavior analysis relies on research developments to inform effective practice. Guided by dissemination processes studied in information science, this investigation revealed the content layer in behavior analysis is primarily comprised of journal articles. Ninety four percent of the research artifacts cited in the current content layer are from journal articles. Other dissemination channels used to develop the behavior analytic content layer included scientific magazine articles, oral reports, dissertations and theses, and unpublished manuscripts. The information use environment for professionals in this field is very different than that of the scholars; most professionals do not have access to a university library. Therefore, the research producers are disseminating developments via communication channels some service providers cannot access. This investigation reveals the only dissemination channel that provides continuous access to the content layer is reaching out via informal communication; All other dissemination channels do not provide access to the entire content layer, do not provide the entire scholarly work, and/or include a barrier to access (often an associated cost). This is a concern for the field of behavior analysis as professional recommendations cannot be based on the best available evidence if the evidence is not accessible. This is a concern for the field of information science as the study of scholarly communication should not be limited to scholars alone. The process of scholarly dissemination should be extended to include alternate information use environments of other populations.

While most public community colleges today advocate that they are open door and have liberal registration policies, there is little current research on the effects of late registration on student performance at the community college level. Community colleges need sound evidence in order to implement institutional practices and policies that will benefit students. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the effects of late registration on student success at a rural Mississippi community college and (2) to identify reasons that students register late. In examining the effects of late registration on student success the study focused on the success measures of student GPA, course withdrawal, and persistence. Data for the first study purpose were obtained from the records of students enrolled at the respective college during the fall 2011, 2012, and 2013 semesters. For the second study purpose data were obtained using a self-developed survey that was emailed to students who late registered during the fall 2014 semester. Independent samples t-test, chi-square, frequencies, and percentages were used for data analysis. Results of the study indicate that late registration has a significantly negative effect on student success. Results of the statistical analysis are presented in narrative and table form to answer the 4 research questions. The study concludes with a summary of findings and a discussion of the limitations of the study. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers are discussed along with recommendations for future research.

Virginia Cooperative Extension's Family Nutrition Program (FNP), which includes EFNEP and SNAP-Ed, works to help limited-resource families across the state make informed food-choices. Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) lacks open-access physical activity resources representing individuals with varying weights, races, and ethnicities. In 2015, an integrated research-practice partnership was initiated for the development of an evidence-based physical activity resource for peer educators employed by FNP to use. The video suite, Move More, Virginia!, was created as open-access and includes demographically diverse individuals, representative of FNP clients. Study I determined client perceptions of physical activity and preferences for new resources. Study II identified FNP peer educators' perceptions of physical activity, their resource needs, and intent to use Move More, Virginia! resources. Both studies involved quantitative and qualitative data through surveys and focus groups. Formative data collected in Study I revealed the prominent themes related to clients (n=12) were physical activity facilitators (n= 100 meaning units (MU)) and physical activity barriers (n=77 MU). In Study II, peer educator responses(n=15) led to the emergence of four themes related to physical activity itself: barriers to incorporating physical activity within FNP (n=189 MU), physical activity facilitators (n=106), current delivery of physical activity (n=102 MU), and physical activity barriers (n= 16 MU). When prompted to share video specific feedback, the top theme was positive video feedback (n = 115 MU). Identified themes and subthemes provide deeper understanding of the organizational culture within FNP as thoughts, perceptions, and barriers to incorporating physical activity into FNP curriculum are highlighted. / Master of Science

Yes / Neighbouring Trusts have implemented open access (walk-in) services to shorten waiting times in x-ray. Despite this, staff perceptions of their effectiveness have not yet been studied. This study forms the initial baseline evaluation phase of wider participatory action research investigating the implementation of an open access service for general practitioner musculoskeletal x-ray referrals. Staff perceptions regarding effectiveness of the current service were gathered, including their opinions regarding the effectiveness of open access services. Qualitative data were obtained via three semi-structured interviews with radiology management and two (cross-site) staff focus groups over a 2 month period. Template analysis was used to interpret the data with the aid of NVIVO 11 to facilitate analysis. Template analysis uncovered several drivers for changing the current service including waiting times, external pressures, patient choice and administrative delays. ‘Flexibility’ was the key theme to arise during discussion regarding the effectiveness of the current service. Potential for improved access was highlighted as a major benefit to the implementation of open access, however ‘workload’, ‘staffing’ and ‘communication’ were all identified as potential barriers to its implementation. Although several staff members were satisfied with current service several drivers for change were identified that need to be addressed in order to truly deliver a service that fulfils the patients' needs. Results will inform the wider participatory action research that will investigate the barriers to implementing an open access service and identify whether this is indeed a suitable method of addressing the drivers for change.

This study suggests that transfer of State forests to the local communities is the least cost policy option to improve prevailing deforestation problem in Nepal. However, there are few problems at operational, institutional, and policy levels, which are restricting community forest (CF) transformation. The critical review of seven representative case studies and modern forest policy of Nepal identifies following important issues in CF transformation in Nepal. They are low marginal flexibility, incomplete and uncertain property rights transfer, equity problem, specific demand adjustment problem, and inconsistent forest policy. This work recommends for amendment of modern CF policy guidelines to reduce CF transformation costs, increase present value of future returns, and reduce present value of enforcement costs. These amendments will be effective to improve prevailing CF work situation in Nepal. Availability / Master of Science

The starting point of this study is a letter to the Swedish Research Council which maintained the difficulty to reconcile chemistry with open access. Previous studies show that when other sciences is increasing in both the deposition rate and selection of OA journals, there is a lull in chemistry. The purpose of the master thesis is to gain an understanding of chemists reluctance to open access in the light of the implementation of Chalmers' mandating open access policy and through field theoretical perspectives understand why. The survey is conducted with a qualitative approach and the empirical data consist of interview material from nine interviews that took place at Chalmers Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. The interviews show that chemists believe that the idea of open access is certainly sympathetic but incompatible with the chemical sciences. It is believed that the discipline´s traditions, practice and publishing culture as well as opportunities for career differs from other sciences, including what open access is concerned. This uniqueness has not been taken into account in the implementation of OA policies of funding agencies and universities, according to the informants. Evaluations of other universities implementations of open acces policies have identified success factors like support, legal advice and hands-on help in self-archiving. According to the results of this thesis, functionality and infrastructure appears to be less significant if university management and funders does not establish an atmosphere of alliance and thus undermines confidence in the policy and its proponents. The study confirms the importance of the researchers feel invited and involved in the process of change.

With the purpose to investigate policies within long-term preservation of digital media in the modern world of Open Access institutional repository, this two year's master thesis was conducted through a qualitative study with quantitative overtures. The main objectives of this thesis centre on the criteria for long-term digital preservation, preservation in relation to institutional repositories, the issues cropping up within the field of institutional repositories, and the essential components of a preservation policy. The theoretical framework is constructed around a model based upon scholarly communication, with its aspects of dissemination, acquisition, preservation, discovery and access, and with the facet of preservation at its centre. The methodology of this study is cued to content analysis and its in-depth investigative process, which was conducted on a sample of ten preservation policies within Open Access institutional repositories that were compared to a standardised expert set of policy categorisation. The results show that a perfect preservation policy does not appear to exist in the current world, based exclusively on the selected sample. This gives a strong indication of a need for further research within the field of Open Access institutional repositories preservation policies. / I syfte att undersöka policyer inom långsiktigt bevarande av digitala medier i den moderna världen av Open Access institutionella arkiv, genomfördes denna tvååriga masteruppsats genom en kvalitativ studie med kvantitativa uvertyrer. De huvudsakliga frågeställningarna i denna uppsats är centrerade kring kriterierna för långsiktigt digitalt bevarande, bevarandet i förhållande till institutionella arkiv, problem som dyker upp inom fältet för institutionella arkiv, och de essentiella komponenterna för en långtidsbevarande policy. Det teoretiska ramverket är uppbyggt runt en modell som utgår ifrån vetenskaplig kommunikation, med dess aspekter av spridning, förvärv, bevarande, upptäckt och tillgänglighet, med bevarande aspekten i centrum. Metoden för denna studie är centrerad till innehållsanalys och dess fördjupande undersökningsprocess, och som applicerades på tio utvalda Open Access institutionella arkivs bevarande-policyer, som sedan jämfördes med enuppsättning standardiserade kategorier, utvalda av experter, för en sådan policy. Resultaten visade att en perfekt långtidsbevarande policy inte existerar i dagens verklighet, om man utgår från studiens urval. Detta ger en stark indikation på att det finns ett behov av att göra ytterligare forskning inom området för institutionella arkivs bevarande policy inom Open Access-världen

Die derzeitigen Strukturen der überregionalen Informationsservices sind geprägt von Bündniszwängen, die eine technologische Erneuerung der Dateninfrastrukturen blockieren. Ein Lösungsweg liegt in der Rückbesinnung auf die Idee der Offenheit, des freien Zugangs zu Information und Wissen, für die Bibliotheken mit dem Ziel der Bildung und Selbstaufklärung gegründet wurden. Im Idealfall fügen sich durch gemeinsame Wertvorstellungen und damit verbundene technologische Prinzipien die dezentralen Aktivitäten der Bibliotheken in einer Netzwerkstruktur zusammen. Die emanzipatorische Qualität des Semantic Web ist bislang weithin unterschätzt und könnte helfen, Grabenkämpfe zwischen Protagonisten und Antagonisten der Digitalisierung zu beenden. Die Autoren plädieren für Bibliotheken als Sachwalter der Offenheit, die sich für einen freien, uneingeschränkten und globalen Zugang zu wissenschaftlicher Information und für die Weiterverarbeitbarkeit dieser Information stark machen. Am Beispiel von Dateninfrastrukturen werden konkrete Handlungsschritte diskutiert. Die Autoren fordern mit ihrem Beitrag eine breite Debatte und plädieren grundsätzlich für mehr Offenheit, Wahlfreiheit und Konsequenz im eigenen Handeln. / The current national information service structures are characterized by alliance constraints and lock-in phenomena that effectively block the development of state-of-the-art data infrastructures. A possible solution could be the return to the principle of openness that used to be at the heart of the concept of libraries as institutions of education and enlightenment. Ideally, shared values imply similar technological frameworks and lead to a complementary network of individual activities and services. Up to now the emancipatory quality of the Semantic Web has largely been underestimated. It could help, however, put an end to the trench warfare raging between proponents and detractors of the principle of digitisation. The authors suggest that libraries assume the role of stewards of openness and fight for free, unrestricted and global access to processable scientific information. Taking the example of data infrastructures, they discuss concrete further steps on the way to Open Science. In their article the authors put the case for a broad-based debate and demand greater openness, freedom of choice and consistency in each institution’s actions.

In diesem Beitrag werden Publikationsmotivation und -formen sowie die Vor- und Nachteile von Open Access beschrieben und am Beispiel des Fee-Free-Open-Access-Journals Zeitschrift für Nachwuchswissenschaftler erläutert. / In this paper, publications motivation and forms are described, as well as, the pros and cons of Open Access. They are explained using the fee-free open access journal German Journal of Young Researchers as an example.