The thesis focuses on utilisation of outdoor sporting facilities by members of public in the proximity of urban settlements in the South Bohemian region. The work aims to determine the extent to which these facilities are used by the unorganised population. The topic is based on the public order issued by the South Bohemian Regional Authority?s Physical Education and Sport Committee. The results should provide a basis for other studies and projects dealing with outfits of outdoor sporting facilities within the South Bohemian region and contribute to improve the active life style conditions for the South-Bohemian population.\\

AFRIKAANS: Enkele tegniese skeppinge wat die Tsongavrou in die tradisionele lewenswyse vervaardig en wat prominent by die Tsongakraal-Opelugmuseum in die Hans Merensky-Natuurreservaat gedemonstreer word, is as studiemateriaal geselekteer. Weens die museologiese vereiste en noodsaaklikheid van goedgedokumenteerde voorwerpe is pottebakkery, soutontginning en kralewerk deeglik volgens vorm, funksie en vervaardigingswyse binne die museum sowel as in Gazankulu, tuiste van die Tsongavrou, nagevors. Dit is ook volkekundig binne funksionele kultuurverband behandel. Historiese gebeurtenisse is nagegaan wat die Tsonga van die huidige Gazankulu met die Tsonga van Mosambiek, hul oorspronklike tuiste vir baie eeue, verbind. Ook die kulturele lewe van die mense van wie in hierdie studie sprake is, is kortliks geskets. Beperkinge wat die museumopset op 'n lewensgetroue weergawe van 'n volk meebring, en die mate van kunsmatigheid wat wel voorkom, is kortliks bespreek. Pottebakkery by die Tsonga, alhoewel deur die omliggende stamme beïnvloed, toon 'n eie karakter, veral as daar meer gekonsentreer word op die oorspronklike Tsonga-keramiekware wat tot in Mosambiek nagevors kon word. Vervaardiging kom nie meer so algemeen voor nie, maar benutting is meer verspreid. 'n Hele stel potte wat kookpotte, bier- en waterpotte, eetbakke, waskomme en maalbakke insluit, word volgens vorm, funksie, voorkoms en vervaardigingswyse bespreek. Soutvervaardiging tref ons by die Tsonga aan, omdat daar 'n paar southoudende minerale warmwaterbronne in Gazankulu voorkom. Argeologiese en etnologiese gegewens dui daarop dat hierdie ontginningsproses alreeds vir die afgelope 1800 jaar bedryf word. Handel is met sout gedryf en hierdie sout is gesog, omdat magies-religieuse eienskappe daaraan toegeskryf word. Die Tsonga was die soutvervaardigers ten minste gedurende die afgelope 100 jaar. Die Tsonga beskik oor hul eiesoortige kralewerk wat as bykomstige versiering gedra word. Veral tydens feestelikhede word hierdie kleurvolle kralesierade vertoon. 'n Kralewerk-klassifikasie kon volgens voorkoms, funksie en vervaardigingswyse saamgestel word. Hierdie bedryf kan, as 'n aspek van die tegniese skeppinge van die Tsongavrou, met welslae in die opelugmuseum uitgebeeld en uitgebrei word. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die Tsongakraal-Opelugmuseum definitief bestaansreg het, omdat die Tsonga 'n eiesoortige kultuurlewe openbaar. Met 'n weldeurdagte en goedbestuurde uitstallings-, vervaardigings-, en verkoopsaksie het hierdie opelugmuseum besliste uitbreidingsmoontlikhede en kan die bestaande funksies van versameling, bewaring en opvoeding deur middel van programme en uitstallings nog beter tot hul reg kom. Band II bestaan uit 'n fotodokumentasie wat die teks oor die vervaardigingswyse van tegniese skeppinge aanvul. Bylaes wat handel oor die vervaardigingswyse van tegniese skeppinge, Tsongabotanie, 'n Tsongawoordelys oor tegniese skeppings wat in hierdie studie genoem word, asook aanvullende historiese inligting en liggingskaarte word aangeheg. ENGLISH: A description is given of some aspects of the material culture of the Tsonga women of Gazankulu as demonstrated at the Tsongakraal Open-air Museum in the Hans Merensky Nature Reserve. Pottery, headwork and the salt extraction process have been described museologically according to form, function and the process of manufacture. Anthropologically the functional approach to culture has been followed. A short historic and cultural survey has been given of the Tsonga people who first lived in Mozambique, their role as traders over the centuries on the old trade routes through Gazankulu and their reason for settlement in present Gazankulu. The restrictions and superficiality in portraying a way of life within the museum has been discussed in short. Pottery has been influenced by the surrounding tribes, but a specific Tsonga pottery tradition has been identified, leading back to Mozambique. Although there seems to be a decline in the manufacture of pots, a whole range of ceramic ware which includes cooking pots, beer and water pots and bowls could be described according to form, function, manufacturing process and decorative patterns. Archaeological and ethnological references to the 1800 year old salt extraction industry from salt pans near mineral springs in Gazankulu, assisted in the reconstruction of the whole process with its uses and magico-religious properties. The Tsonga were the salt producers for at least the last one hundred years. Headwork as adornment features prominently amongst Tsonga women, especially during festivals. A classification system of all the headwork has been compiled and described according to appearance, function and manufacture. The manufacturing of headwork can be introduced as a further aspect of material culture in the open-air museum. The study concludes that the distinguishing material culture of the Tsonga gives purpose to the existence of the Tsongakraal Open-air Museum. With creativity and a well-planned management programme, the museological functions of collection, preservation and education (recreational programmes and displays) of this museum can be extended. Annexures include a detailed photographic record of the manufacturing of items of material culture, the ethno-botany of the Tsonga, a list of Tsonga cultural terms as well as maps and historical information. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Anthropology and Archaeology / unrestricted

Proposal offer extending the use of the Brno Dam. The new way, which runs through the bridge which was built in the middle section passes through a summer theater. Open air theatre becoming the aim for visitors. I wanted to build a place that is attractive throughout the year, it‘s the reason why I propose also interior scenes. The theater will include the necessary functional spaces for permanent small theater scene, and fast food. The building is largely below ground. Its visible part consists roof, which is glued bond backed ETFE foil, which perfectly transmits light. These materials and travertine tiles were chosen on account of the place (I did not use steel, plastic, etc.). Building is ecological its location in the ground and south orientation.

UME Friluftsliv is a mobility solution focusingon Rural coliving communities. The author hasexperienced the huge transition of urbaniza-tion. After more than 15 years of urban life,the author occasionally missed the old daysand questioned if there was any other choice.During the study in Sweden, the author learnedthe Scandinavian concept “Friluftsliv” whichtranslates literally as free air living. It is a lifestyleattaching much importance to connecting withnature and spending time outdoors. The authorhad practiced along the journey and benefitedfrom it a lot. Hence, Friluftsliv was chosen as theproject theme to promote such a lifestyle and toevoke the audience to join.During the research, it was found that with amore flexible working pattern, coliving becameincreasingly popular and promising. And thecommunity spirit is the core. Among diversecoliving spaces, coliving in rural regions offerscommunities and more outdoor explorationopportunities, while the locations are likely onthe radar. For better understanding, the authorconducted a case study on the Arctic Cowork-ing Lodge, which is located in Lofoten Islands,Norway.The creative process is based on the case studyresults of Arctic Coworking Lodge, enhancingthe rural coliving experience for everyone wasthe priority. Collaborating with colleagues, thepackage was defined by mock-up in the stu-dio as a space configuration of concentrate,exchange and relax. Hand sketching was usedprimarily for initial exploration, and then build-ing up 3D drafts helped to coordinate variouscomponents into the package. The design focusof this project is the community spirit. Modulardesign was applied to make the vehicle versatilefor the different persona in different scenarios.The concept is the modular interior componentscan be detached and shared out to supportoutdoor activities.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

The survival of vernacular architecture in the world, and particularly in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, is under threat due to rapid modernization, urbanization, socioeconomic transformation, loss of its characteristics resulting from changes and development, and misinterpretation of its typology as well as serious issues of abandonment. Most Negeri Sembilan traditional Malay houses (NSTMH), in some cases over one hundred years old, are unprotected and are becoming derelict. The vernacular value of these houses and their preservation for future generations are therefore threatened. To date, little research has been undertaken into the challenges posed in the conservation of NSTMH from the perspectives of house owners and professionals, and how the changing patterns of their form, fabric, and function have shaped the challenges of preserving them. To explore this from a more holistic approach, existing local heritage legislation that protects traditional Malay houses in particular or timber vernacular architecture in general, and international charters were reviewed, as also successful cases of preservation of similar heritage. This research employs a multi-method qualitative approach by examining as a purposive sample selected 19th-century long-roof-type NSTMHs. The research methods consisted of semi-structured interviews with house owners and conservation experts, on-site survey of the houses’ changing patterns of form, fabric, and function, as well as reviews of the conservation heritage legislation context (national/ local) and international charters. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis, while the accepted concept model of cultural heritage was used for analysis of the patterns of changes in the cases examined. Documents were reviewed using template analysis. Findings from the research outline the main challenges that include a lack of appreciation and understanding of heritage among house owners, lack of traditional building skills, lack of government support as well as insufficient documentation. Nonetheless, there is no legislation in place at either a national or local level to protect the traditional Malay house. All of the findings were triangulated prior to the development of the initial framework and further expert validation was obtained to establish the final framework. This research makes a significant contribution in expanding the existing body of knowledge, through exploration of how the house owners understand, value, and appreciate heritage within their environment, in addition to including conservation experts’ perspectives in this regard. Moreover, the main contribution of this study is the provision of a Conservation Principles Framework for the NSTMH that may be used by house owners, conservation experts, officials, the Village Security & Development Committee, academics, and students as a form of guidance to the implementation of conservation works. It is also hoped that it may act as a starting point for the Negeri Sembilan state government to develop guidance aimed to safeguard this valuable Malaysian heritage.

Title: Organization and composition of outdoor program for the open air schools Objectives: Main objective of this thesis is to compose suitable outdoor program for open air schools for children groups within age 6 to 10. The goal of this new program is more efficient use of time during open air schools with focus on development of abilities, skills, physical and psychical strength, communication among children and social interaction. Methods: In this thesis will be used quantitative research method, written questioning method. Acquired data analysis will be used as background for development of outdoor program for open air schools for children groups within age 6 to 10. Outcome: Benefit of this thesis will be development of new outdoor program for open air schools for children groups within age 6 to 10 which will be passed on to travel agency offering this kind of programs. Key words: game, child, open air school, nature, teacher, instructor

The main subject of the thesis is &ldquo / interpretation&rdquo / and &ldquo / presentation&rdquo / of cultural and natural heritage sites which is an important phenomenon providing sustainability and protection of the heritage sites. Interpretation and conservation are tightly associated to each other. Individuals will learn more about the heritage site by the help of interpretation and as a result of understanding / they will have an intention to protect the historic site more / and protection will ensure continuity of the site. Interpretation and presentation of heritage sites is put into the words in Turkish Legislation by the definition of &ldquo / Environmental Design Project&rdquo / in `Amendment Act No. 5226 Concerning to Revision of Legislation Called as Law Concerning to Conservation of Natural and Cultural Entities` in 2004. In the legislation, it is stated that Environmental Design Projects which propose strategies for effective presentation, control visitor use, provide promotion and advertisement, solve problems emerged as a result of current use and circulation and answer the needs of historic sites by contemporary tools and methods must be prepared for each heritage site in Turkey. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to define principles for effective interpretation and presentation on the selected case according to analysis and evaluations and then propose brand new comprehensive and complementary Environmental Design Project. The case selected in the thesis for the proposition of Environmental Design Project is G&ouml / reme Open Air Museum &ndash / GOAM in Cappadocia which is Turkey&rsquo / s third most visited open air museum after Ephesus in Izmir and Hierapolis in Denizli. The two main reasons for the selection of GOAM are absence of comprehensive and complementary Environmental Design Project in GOAM and insufficiency of current interpretive facilities and visitor services presented in the museum as indicated in the decisions of Nevsehir Regional Council for Conservation of Cultural Entities. Focusing on the aim, thesis is structured in three parts which are interconnected to each other as the theoretical background of the interpretation and presentation in the world and in Turkish legislations, analysis and evaluation of the selected case and finally preliminary decisions and project proposal. To conclude, &ldquo / Environmental Design Project&rdquo / is an important tool for understanding the significance of the museum and providing easygoing and enjoyable visit for the museum visitors according to the values, problems and potentials of GOAM. In that respect, proposing environmental design project is critical in order to satisfy visitor needs during their museum visit and provide safeguarding of GOAM.

With the move in South Africa towards equal employment opportunities in the open labour market, schools as well as business face the challenge of preparing individuals with disabilities for successful transition from school to work. This study examined the extent to which schools and business are working towards helping with this transition process for the disabled. The study explored how individuals with physical disabilities, who have moved into the open labour market, have experienced vocational transition planning at school level, and whether or not these programmes have adequately prepared them for the workplace. The study used a qualitative research methodology. The sample comprised 5 learners who had attended a special needs school in KwaZulu-Natal. The data collection techniques used were semi-structured interviews, which were audio-taped, and transcribed. The findings indicate that the principles of human rights and social justice for all citizens enshrined in policy documents that have emerged in South Africa since 1994, have not been translated into practice. The rights of individuals with disabilities to achieve equality of opportunity and equal access to service in society and their right to full citizenship continues to be violated. The results also revealed that, although the special needs school was concerned with developing relevant curriculum for students with disabilities, very little is done to prepare students for transition from school to the work environment. The study has revealed that students with disabilities require a far more structured, needs driven vocational transition programme, that will enable them to compete more favourably with their able bodied colleagues in the work place. Legislation must be developed to protect and guarantee the vocational transition services of students with disabilities. This legislation must be augmented by an administrative framework to ensure the smooth management and running of a national vocational transition programme. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, 1999.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2008. / Document formatted into pages; contains v, 117 p. Includes bibliographical references.