This masters’ thesis aim is to find out what has been the historical (1946-2016) and current political and judicial discourse and regulations in Sweden when it comes to political opinion forming and the presence of political parties at Swedish schools and also if the Swedish schools and politicians have been working accordingly to these regulations. By primarily analyzing historical and present curriculums from the Swedish school system and documents from the Swedish Parliamentary Ombudsman (Justitieombudsmannen) I have found that the discourse and with it the rules and regulations has changed over time. I have also found both historical and present situations when the rules and regulations on the subject have not been applied.

Fatta - vilken kampanj! Den digitala samhällsutvecklingen de senaste decenniet har förändrat kommunikationslandskapet och bidragit till att engagemang för samhällsfrågor antagit nya former. Detta har skapat nya sätt för individer att ta ställning i samhällspolitiska frågor och nya möjligheter för organisationer att mobilisera och engagera. Men engagemanget i sociala medier har ifrågasatts. De senaste årens forskning kring engagemang i sociala medier visar upp en dubbelsidig och tvetydig bild av vilken betydelse engagemanget i sociala medier kan ha för en aktör. Genom att genomföra en processtudie av hur aktören Fatta lyckats skapa stort engagemang i sociala medier och växt från framgångsrik kampanj till inflytelserik organisation, ämnar denna studie bidra till en djupare förståelse för vilken betydelse engagemang i sociala medier har för aktörer som eftersträvar samhällsförändring. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av en processbeskrivning som består av datainsamling från en mängd typer av data, observationer i digitala kanaler och intervjuer med människor som har koppling till Fatta. Studien visar att Fattas förflyttning möjliggjordes av att det fanns en social rörelse som Fatta med hjälp av sociala medier lyckades kroka i, nämligen den feministiska rörelsen. Den möjliggjordes också av den identitet de lyckades skapa kring Fatta samt av den uppmärksamhet de gavs utanför sociala medier som delvis kan härledas till det starka stöd och engagemang som fanns för Fatta sociala medier. Förutom att bekräfta tidigare forskning kring att sociala medier förenklar och möjliggör mobilisering och ger möjligheter till att snabbt agera, kan sociala medier ge aktörer som verkar för samhällsförändring symbolisk makt. Genom de människor som visade sitt stöd för Fatta beviljade de så väl fysiska resurser som tillträde till maktens korridorer där de kunde påverka beslutsfattare. / <p>Stort tack till FATTA och alla informanter som med stort engagemang gjort detta arbete till ett rent nöje!</p>

The purpose of this study is to investigate how opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten experience threats and hate and if these things vary depending on if the affected journalist is a woman or a man. This study also aims to examine how these threats and the hate affect the opinion-forming journalists in both an emotional and a professional way. To strengthen the analysis this study is based on four theoretical frameworks. Strömbäcks theories support analyzes about self-censorship and the opinion-forming journalists' importance for democracy. Butler's theories about hate-speech describe how hate-speech can be expressed and affect the receiver. Lazarus and Folkman contribute with a psychological perspective with coping strategies, how they cope with the threats and hate. The theories from Hanitzsch presents various perspectives about the journalistic cultures and supports analysis connected to the journalistic role. The method used to gather the material was qualitative interviews with six opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. For the analysis meaning condensation was used. The result presents a total of ten themes, sorted in three chapters based on the issues. The result and analysis indicates that threats and hate is common for opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten to be exposed by. At the same time, a majority of the participating opinion-forming journalists state that they feel spared. Furthermore, it is very common for the opinion-forming journalist who receives threats or hate to be affected emotionally, mainly with negative emotions such as fear, sadness and discomfort. The biggest professional effect that threats and hate can lead to is self-censorship. Finally, this study can show that there are differences in threats and hate between female and male opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. The biggest difference is that women receive more threats and hatred based on sexism and containing sexual allusions.

The objective of this master's thesis is to examine the concept of opinion leadership-to define it, to describe where it originated from, how it has developed over time, and finally, to apply this phenomenon to the Czech journalist community and its current members. Based on relevant international literature, the author of this paper assumes that opinion leaders exist in every social group or community around the globe, possessing an extraordinary personal influence on the decision-making and opinion-forming process of the people within their social network. Simply put, opinion leaders are the individuals to whom others look for guidance, credible and accurate information and context when they are in doubt or experiencing indecisiveness. For journalists, the possibility to have someone to whom they can turn for all the above-mentioned is crucial, the author believes, for it is a daily part of the profession to handle information cautiously, to evaluate news critically and objectively, and to get acquainted with a confusing topic in a relatively short period of time. Firstly, the paper offers a thorough theoretical framework for understanding the concept of opinion leadership, which is followed by a practical part consisting of a two-phase research examining opinion leaders in the ranks of Czech...