The aim of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework that could account for the problems arising in the translation of oral history interviews. While focusing on literary, economic and technical texts, Translation Studies has neglected the examination of Oral History. In order to fill in this major lacuna in the research literature, I ask two fundamental questions: Which are the linguistic problems and challenges (if any) of such texts in translation? How do these translated oral history interviews articulate the communist experience? I do so to call attention to the mutual benefits that can be gained from such an intersectional approach. To instantiate the case, I translate from Romanian into English transcribed interviews given by three categories of people: those involved in the anti-communist armed resistance in the Carpathian Mountains (extracted from the book Memorialul Durerii: Întuneric şi Lumină, by Lucia Hossu-Longin), political prisoners (Supravieţuitorii: Mărturii din temniţele comuniste ale României, by Raul and Anca Ştef) and King Michael I of Romania (Convorbiri cu Mihai I al României, by Mircea Ciobanu). Importing Portelli’s theoretical framework from the field of Oral History allows me to identify the features of historical interviews (orality, narrative, subjectivity, performativity) and account for their difficulties in translation. However, since the Italian researcher negates the orality of transcribed interviews, I manage to solve this problem by proposing the term ‘fictive orality’ (Koch&Osterreicher) and the triad ‘vividness (repetitions/imagery), immediacy (direct speech), fragmentation (ambiguity/ellipsis)’. Defining thus the orality of my written data, I map out the translational problematics of oral testimonies on communism and contend that fragmentation presents the most difficult challenges in translation. Additionally, my results point at the copious use of repetitions, visual/kinaesthetic/organic images, and direct speech. The findings also confirm the effectiveness of a literal translation given the emphatic role acquired by the linguistic strategies previously mentioned. Conclusively, recommendations are made for proximity to the source text as the translational processs assumes the form of a ‘dialogue’ that the translator has to establish with the original, so that he/she could hear all the participants talking. Hence, I rely on foreignization as an over-arching method, demonstrating its compatibility with Oral History on communism. On the one hand, this strategy captures the cognitive and emotive dimensions of the interviewees’ language of suffering and trauma. On the other hand, it preserves the foreignness of the original, by bringing into focus the distinctively Romanian communist experiences. / Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis is about the now vanished mining village Dennewitz. The focus of the paper is to examine the memories that previous residents have from the village. This has been done with the help of three semi-structured interviews. Previous descriptions from Dennewitz have also been used to broader the empirical evidence. The result has then been analyzed using the thesis theoretical frame of reference place identity. Several interesting aspects of the resident’s memories have been discovered. The inhabitants have a positive image of their years in Dennewitz. The place is described as an idyll for several of the inhabitants. Similar narratives about the place have been found with the residents. A common theme from the place that has been highlighted is a sense of community among the residents. The village was strongly influenced by the power relationship with the mine and the mining company. Both in negative and positive aspects. The inhabitants feel a sorrow about the fact that Dennewitz no longer exists. It has also been found that there is a strong connection between Malmberget and Dennewitz among interviewees. They see similarities with Dennewitz and the current situation in Malmberget.

This essay is about the children who came from Finland to the province of Norrbotten in northern Sweden during World War II, how local communities came to help Finnish warchildren and the experiences of Finnish war-children in northern Sweden during the latter part of the twentieth century. This will be investigated by the help of the social affinity theory, that comes with solidarity with people and places experienced as “close”. The social affinity theory helps explaining why Sweden was inclined to help Finland during World War II. The essay includes three interviews, two with war children, and one with a child of a war child that came to stay in Sweden after the war.

Making extensive use of oral interviews with the surviving children, this thesis is an biography of Oscar and Emma Swett and their children, who lived on a homestead in Greendale, Utah, (near Flaming Gorge Reservoir) from 1909 to 1970. The family is representative of a group of families who moved to Greendale and engaged in small-scale cattle ranching. The introduction of new technology changed their lifestyles and homestead economics, while simultaneously Greendale evolved from a rural agricultural environment to become part of a National Recreation Area.

No description available.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur den svenska gymnasieskolans förändringar sedan början av 1970-talet har påverkat en enskild lärares yrkesliv. Frågeställningarna lyder som följer; Vilka förändringar har skett i den svenska gymnasieskolan sedan början av 1970-talet? Hur har dessa förändringar påverkat en enskild lärares yrkesliv? För att uppnå mitt syfte och besvara mina frågeställningar har jag använt mig av en muntlig källa och av flera skriftliga källor. Mitt teorikapitel innefattar tre avsnitt; undersökningen Nära gränsen, gjord av Arbetslivsinstitutet, samt begreppen oral history och livshistoria. Förändringarna i den svenska gymnasieskolan sedan 1970-talet fungerar som en bakgrundsteckning. Kapitlet Slutsatser består i mångt och mycket av en diskussion kring vad som skapar och påverkar en lärares arbete. Tydligt är att samspelet mellan myndigheter och lärare samt mellan lärare och elever är av stor betydelse. / The purpose of this essay is to examine how the changes in the Swedish gymnasium since the the beginning of the 1970-thies have affected the professional life of one common teacher. The questions at issue are; Which changes have occured in the Swedish gymnaisum since the beginning of the 1970-thies? How has these changes affected the professional life of one common teacher? I have used both an oral source and and written sources in order to attain my pourpouse and answer my questions. The chapter concerning theories regarding the subject of this essay contains an investigation performed by the Arbetslivsinstitut, Nära gränssen, and concepts such as oral history and life history. The Changes in the Swedish gymnasium serves as background material. The chapter named Conclusions contains a discussion concerning what makes and influences the work of a teacher. It is obvious that the interaction between the authorothies and theachers and between teacher and students is of great significance.

This dissertation examines the memory of Ras Beirut and the various claims to its exceptionalism. I frame its history as a landscape of memory born of the convergence of narratives of exceptionalism. On the one hand, Ras Beirut's landscape inspired Anglo-American missionary future providence such that they chose it as the site of their college on a hill, the Syrian Protestant College (SPC, later renamed the American University of Beirut [AUB]). On the other hand, the memory of Ras Beirut's "golden age" before the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975 inspired longings for a vanished past to Ras Beirut's oldest inhabitants. Shaped by the push of prospect and the pull of recollection, Ras Beirut emerges as a place formed out of the contest of these overlapping articulations of exceptionalism. Moreover, Ras Beirut's narratives have a wider significance and application in their transnational and interconfessional relevance. The missionary New England microcosm of the SPC represented the transnational transposition of memory onto Ras Beirut in an architectural narrative of exceptionalism. The monumental size and scale of their buildings oriented Ras Beirut and realized a "city upon a hill." Drawing from letters written to and from the US, I examine their ambiguous relationship to Ras Beirut that made them both part of the place and apart from the people. At the same time, the local Muslim-Christian community of Ras Beirut argued that Ras Beirut's distinct character rested on their own history of harmonious coexistence. In the early twentieth century, Arab Protestant converts settled in Ras Beirut and became known as the Protestants of Ras Beirut in their affixed identity and collective rootedness to place. This dissertation draws upon archival research and tangible sources in the changing architectural and urban environment. It also relies on oral history and memory to capture the multi-disciplinary making of place that best relates the textured history of Ras Beirut while giving meaning to everyday lived lives. In the process, the connections between the Middle East and the US unfold in transnational terms while the idea of Ras Beirut as a paradigm of coexistence unfolds interconfessional terms.

This thesis aims to emancipate female entrepreneurs from the metanarrative of economic growth which has created a false dichotomy of successful male entrepreneur versus an unsuccessful female entrepreneur. This aim is pursued through a multidisciplinary and critical inquiry that destabilises this metanarrative conceptually and empirically. A critical interrogation of economic studies reveals the embeddedness of the metanarrative in neo-classical economic growth theory. Far from being a true reflection of the entrepreneurial experience, the theory has silenced the innovator entrepreneur in economic theory and replaced him/her with an economic rational manager. Concurrently, a re-analysis of Schumpeter’s theorising suggests that his theories do not subordinate female entrepreneurs as claimed by a number of critical theorists. In contrast, his theorising is emancipatory and offers an alternative theoretical framework to the oppressive neo-classical economic growth theory. Oral history methods are used to capture the voices of female entrepreneurs which have largely been excluded from the literature. The oral history narratives challenge the oppressive homogeneity imposed by the metanarrative of economic growth and illustrate the negative influence of the theoretical foundation of neo-classical theory upon the entrepreneurial experience. The study offers theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to female entrepreneurship studies by presenting a fresh interpretation of Schumpeter’s theorising; including the voices of the female entrepreneurs; and applying research approaches that break away from positivism which dominates entrepreneurial studies. The study has implications for policy makers and practitioners as it generates knowledge that takes account of the current social and economic changes. / Bradford University School of Management

My Masters thesis focuses on socialist Indian freedom fighter Bhagat Singh’s memory in contemporary Pakistani Punjab. I use the analytical category of memory to argue that Bhagat Singh is invoked by various groups and individuals, specifically those who identify as leftists or Marxists, in contemporary Pakistan to serve a range of political purposes. My analysis particularly sheds light on how activists and writers use the figure of Bhagat Singh to highlight the erasure of regional and lingual identities in Pakistan. Their remembrances underline a perceived historical injustice; the imposition of a national identity based on Urdu language and Sunni Muslim-ness, which tended to marginalize Punjabi ethno-lingual identities. Using my ethnographic research, I further argue that Bhagat Singh and his afterlives in leftist progressive narratives also capture the tensions and differences among the Punjabi intellectuals and activists themselves. Due to the lack of adequate archival sources, my research draws heavily on oral history and contemporary Punjabi poetry and prose that I meticulously collected during my trips to Lahore in the past two years. I transcribed and translated this material from Punjabi into English on my own. Finally in my analysis of gendered literary language, I also demonstrate how mourning, and hope coexist in the Punjabi contemporary emancipatory imagination. Such overlaps illustrate how the past is continuously in dialogue with the present.

This thesis explores the ways in which LGBTQ+ individuals in Philadelphia ascribe significance to various places based on oral history interviews and additional primary source material collected initially for the National Park Service Northeast Regional Office’s LGBTQ+ Heritage Initiative. By examining stories from LGBTQ+ individuals of places that matter most to them in Philadelphia, this thesis argues that historic preservationists can expand their definition of significance to include personal testimony and broaden their practices to better engage the communities whose histories they seek to preserve. / History