The purpose of this thesis is to examine the difference between SVO and OVS sentences in spoken Russian, which is a language with flexible word order although the basic order is SVO. Two experiments were conducted to understand the nature of intonation. Experiment 1 shows that the Subject appears as kontrast in OVS sentences, and as background in SVO sentences. The F0 curve rises in the Object position when the Subject is kontrast in OVS sentences. The analysis of the results of Experiment 2 shows that the initial element of the sentence plays an important role in intonation. When it is kontrasted, it always has higher (Hz) frequency pitch accent than the final element. There is no difference between SVO and OVS sentences in this respect because the initial element has high pitch accent, whether it is the Subject or the Object. The verb has no pitch accent and it has a flat intonation regardless of the WO of the sentence (SVO, OVS).

Submitted by Nathaly Barbieri Marcondes Cesar null (nathalymarcondes@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T18:10:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - FINAL.pdf: 4711415 bytes, checksum: dfac2b3df6eea8434d31be25bdd024c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-30T18:08:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cesar_nbm_me_bauru.pdf: 4711415 bytes, checksum: dfac2b3df6eea8434d31be25bdd024c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T18:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cesar_nbm_me_bauru.pdf: 4711415 bytes, checksum: dfac2b3df6eea8434d31be25bdd024c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Diante da constante representação em diversos produtos midiáticos de que o futebol brasileiro seria caracterizado como o “futebol arte”, e do surgimento de recentes estudos acadêmicos que problematizam ou que recusam esta caracterização quando se observa o futebol nacional, especialmente a partir da década de 1970, este trabalho teve como objetivo tentar entender como o primeiro discurso ainda se mostra hegemônico em nossa sociedade. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que pretendeu compreender como se formaram as diferentes falas a respeito deste esporte no Brasil, bem como quais influências elas receberam das diferentes esferas sociais, o trabalho procurou verificar como a mídia se tem apropriado da visão fundada por Gilberto Freyre (1938) a respeito do “futebol arte” com fins de persuasão dos telespectadores, auxiliando, desta forma, que esta ideia continue sendo propagada, embora existam discursos atuais na academia que procurem desmistificá-la. Para isso, foram utilizadas as classificações propostas por Foucault (1999) para possíveis formas de exclusão ou interdição de discursos, presentes em sua obra A Ordem do Discurso. Foram selecionadas para análise três produções audiovisuais desenvolvidas para a divulgação do evento: o videoclipe da emissora de TV Bandeirantes; a chamada da emissora de TV Globo; e a vinheta da própria entidade organizadora da Copa do Mundo, a FIFA. Os objetos foram analisados de acordo com sua estratégia de construção através da metodologia traçada por Vanoye e Goliot-Lété (2012) e, posteriormente, enquadrados no método de Foucault (1999) para que fosse possível responder ao problema lançado neste estudo: por que o discurso sobre o “futebol arte” ainda parece mais valorizado não só pela mídia, mas pela própria sociedade, se uma segunda formação discursiva mais atual, surgida no meio acadêmico, tem procurado desmistificá-lo? / Given the constant representation in media products that Brazilian football would be characterized as "soccer art", and the emergence of recent academic studies questioning or refusing this characterization when observing the national football, especially from the 1970s, this work aims to understand how the first discourse still shows hegemonic in our society. Through a bibliographic research which intended to understand how the different discourses about this sport in Brazil were formed, as well as what influences they received from different social spheres, this work will try to verify how the media has been appropriating the vision founded by Gilberto Freyre (1938) about the "soccer art" with persuasion purposes, helping in this way, that this idea continues to be propagated, although there are current research in academia looking to demystify it. For this, the proposed classifications were used by Foucault (1999) for possible forms of exclusion or prohibition of discourses, present in his work "The Order of Discourse". They were selected for analysis three audiovisual productions developed for the dissemination of the event: one of the Bandeirantes TV station; one of TV Globo station; and one of the own organizer of the World Cup, FIFA. The objects were analyzed according to its construction strategy through the methodology outlined by Vanoye and Goliot-lete (2012) and, later, were framed in Foucault's method (1999) so that it could respond to the problem launched by this study: why the discourse on the "soccer art" still seems more valued not only by the media but by society itself, if a second more current discursive formation, which emerged in academia, has sought to demystify it?

Orientador: Celene Margarida Cruz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T10:05:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_AlexandreFerreirada_D.pdf: 1812268 bytes, checksum: 27f5cfba103ce0726843d2bbb7591242 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objeto desta pesquisa é a estrutura de formação do professor na nova ordem de discurso da educação brasileira, constituída entre os anos de 1995 e 2002. Situado entre os estudos discursivos da Lingüística Aplicada, este trabalho discute o estatuto da área em sua relação com a Lingüística, de modo a poder propor uma arqueologia do processo de formação dessa nova ordem. A partir da revisão das noções de prática e estrutura nas obras de Mikhail Bakhtin, Umberto Eco, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu e Norman Fairclough, recuperam-se os paradigmas da dialogia e da objetivação como os axiomas. O recorte empírico da crítica do documento e o dispositivo teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso Crítica são, então, estabelecidos como paradigmas para o estudo da cadeia textual na qual se localizam os discursos, os gêneros e os estilos que permitem identificar a nova estrutura de formação do professor. A partir da análise do tratamento da educação pelo Constituição Nacional de 1988, seguem-se os desdobramentos legais e institucionais que passam pela reformulação do Conselho Nacional de Educação, pela promulgação da nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação e chegam ao estabelecimento das diretrizes e dos parâmetros curriculares atuais. Pelo exame dos discursos da sociedade educacional organizada e da perspectiva neoliberal das reformas educacionais, interpretam-se os valores e os objetivos das mudanças organizacionais e epistemológicas do trabalho escolar e suas conseqüências identitárias para o professor. Finalmente, mediante a reconsideração da condição de sujeito do conhecimento do professor e da sua posição nas recentes transformações dos processos de profissionalização inicial e continuada ou em serviço, conclui-se que, apesar das possibilidades de inovação da nova estrutura epistemológica proposta pelos PCN, a episteme da formação do professor ainda é, institucionalmente, relativa à reprodução. O exame das relações intertextuais e interdiscursivas dos percursos constitutivos da nova ordem permite demonstrar que a formação 'para¿ o trabalho, como ¿atividade de ensino¿, e 'pelo¿ trabalho, como ¿formação em serviço¿, construiu-se em permanente conflito com a demanda de 'gestão democrática¿, seja como ¿gerenciamento autônomo dos recursos materiais da escola¿, seja como ¿elaboração competente das propostas político-pedagógicas da docência¿. O conflito dessas duas demandas históricas resolveu-se pela submissão de uma à outra: a adequação do trabalho escolar às necessidades da reorganização da atividade econômica superpôs-se à qualificação científica, pedagógica e política das praticas educativas / Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the structure of teacher education in the new order of discourse of Brazilian education, constituted between the years 1995 and 2002 in our country. Placed among the discursive studies of Applied Linguistics, this work discusses the statute of this area in relation to Linguistics, aiming at proposing an archaeology of the teacher development process in the new order of education. Based on the notions of practice and structure in the works of Mikhail Bakhtin, Umberto Eco, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu and Norman Fairclough, the paradigms of dialogy and objectivation are taken as the axioms that enable the operational use of the two notions. The research data of the criticism of the document and the theoretical and methodological apparatus of the Critical Discourse Analysis are, then, established as paradigms for the study of the empirical textual chain in which it is located the discourses, genres, and styles which allow the identification of the new structure of teacher education. It is analyzed not only how education is treated by the 1988 constitutional text, but also the legal and institutional measures ranging from the reformulation of the Conselho Nacional de Educação and the promulgation of the new Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação to the establishment of the present curriculum guidelines and parameters. By examining the discourses of the organized educational society and the neoliberal perspective of the educational reforms, it is interpreted the values and objectives of the organizational and epistemological changes of school work and its identitary consequences for the teacher. Finally, through the reconsideration of the teacher as producer of knowledge and of his/her position in the recent transformations in the processes of pre-service and in-service teacher education, it is concluded that, in spite of the innovation possibilities in the new epistemological structure proposed by the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, the episteme of teacher education is, institutionally, still relative to reproduction / Doutorado / Lingua Materna / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Denna studie är en kritisk diskursanalys av tidningen Expressens artikelserie kring "Järnrörsskandalen" med särskilt fokus riktat kring hur Faircloughs tredimensionella analysmodell kan användas för att undersöka olika diskursordningar. Foucaults teori kring utestängningsmekanismer utgör även en betydande del av analysunderlaget och påvisar det komplexa förhållandet kring att försöka påvisa diskursens konstanta föränderlighet. Resultaten visar på en betyande svårighet kring att fastställa en obestridlig sanning. Trots denna problematik bedöms tidningen Expressen hantera diskursordningens följdriktghet ur ett utomordentligt effektivt sätt med hänsyn till källmaterialets svåra hantering. / This study is a critical discourse analysis regarding the swedish newspaper "Expressen" series of articles on the "Iron pipe scandal" with a focus on how Fairclough's three-dimensional analysis model can be used to investigate different order of discourse arrangements. Foucault's theory of exclusionary mechanisms also forms a significant part of the analytical data and demonstrates the complex relationship around trying to demonstrate the constant variability of discourse. The results show a significant difficulty in establishing an undeniable truth. Despite this problem, the newspaper Expressen is refereed to handle the consistency of the discourse order in an extraordinary effective way regarding the difficult management of the source material.

The purpose of this study was to examine social workers arguments behind the investigationfor children custody, resident and social intercourse due to possible parentage discourses.Results from earlier research has shown that societal discourses makes a difference betweenmothers and fathers due to traditional stereotypes something that contrasts with the officialSwedish family politics. Socialconstructionism and critical discourse analysis creates thetheoretical approach for this study which was aimed to illustrate how social workersreproduce and maintain societal discoureses about parents, fathers and mothers. The analyzewas based on four semi-structured interwieves, using vinjettes to enable detailedargumentation about parentage according to gender. To identify possible discoursesFaircloughs (1992) critical discours analysis about three dimensions of discours was appliedto the material. The analyze resulted to four discourses about parentage, motherhood,fatherhood and governing discourses. These discourses showed how social workers tend toget affected by organizational discourses about parents being gendernatural, but also bysocietal discourses about mothers being a childs primary caregiver and fathers being a childssecondary caregiver. The results indicate that social workers contribute to theese discoursesbeing maintained.

Denna avhandling har godkänts i Sydafrika och sedan publicerats av Svenska Institutet för Missionsforskning (SIM) i efterhand.

L’adaptation au changement climatique (CC) est une catégorie de pensée et d’action. Elle rassemble toutes les pratiques qui visent à prendre en compte et faire face aux conséquences territoriales du CC. Ce travail de thèse étudie le discours de l’adaptation au CC, et propose l’immunité comme grille de lecture alternative.La première partie de la thèse s’attache à montrer comment se met en ordre le discours de l’adaptation au CC, ici défini comme l’ensemble fini des énoncés qui en font leur enjeu central. Si ce discours paraît a priori opaque parce que très diversifié, nous montrons, en étudiant son évolution au sein de la revue Global Environmental Change, une mise en paradigme à la fin des années 2000. Le paradigme de la résilience reconfigure et met en ordre d’une façon spécifique le discours de l’adaptation au CC. L’adaptation ne se pense désormais plus comme un ajustement à des stimuli climatiques externes, mais à partir de son adaptativité interne, c’est-à-dire sa capacité à se laisser recomposer par les changements externes et internes.La seconde partie de la thèse amène des arguments en faveur de l’immunité comme notion structurante, mais non dite, du discours de l’adaptation au CC et plus largement de la géographie et de l’aménagement. Pour cela, l’immunité est d’abord travaillée dans ses dimensions théoriques. L’anthropologie philosophique de P. Sloterdijk, qu’il appelle parfois une immunologie générale, en est le point de départ. Afin de rendre compatible l’immunité avec les enjeux essentiels de la géographie que sont l’écologie et le politique, les apports de Sloterdijk sont complétés et amendés par d’autres approches, notamment celles de R. Esposito et F. Neyrat. Dès lors, le cas d’étude des Pays-Bas nous permet d’observer en quoi l’immunité est au fondement de l’ordre de ce milieu. Ce pays est à la fois exemplaire d’une planification qui immunise les sociétés de leur milieu, ici un delta, et de la mise en politique contemporaine de l’adaptation au CC. Cette thèse permet alors de mettre en regard deux grands principes, l’immunité absolue et l’adaptativité, qui structurent en des termes contradictoires la mise en ordre contemporaine des milieux et que l’adaptation au CC résout d’une façon spécifique. / Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) is a category of thought and action. It clusters every practice that seeks to deal and cope with the territorial consequences of climate change. It is proposed in this work to study the discourse of adaptation to CC and to provide immunity as an alternative approach.The first part of this study investigates how this discourse -here defined as the whole set of statements concerning CCA- is set into a specific order. Because of its heterogeneity, this discourse may initially be characterised as opaque. Yet, the study of its evolution along the one of the scientific journal Global Environmental Change, highlights the emergence, over the 2000’s, of the resilience paradigm. This very paradigm reconfigures and sets the CCA discourse into a specific order. From then on, adaptation is no longer understood as the meer adjustment to external climatic stimuli, but as the social group own adaptativity, defined as the capacity to let itself be restructured by any internal or external change.The second part of this study argues in favour of considering immunity as a tacit but nevertheless highly structuring notion within the CCA discourse and within geography and planning theory. Immunity is first approached theoretically by exploring the philosophical anthropology of P. Sloterdijk, that he happened to name general immunology. In order to transfer immunity into geography and planning theory, the sloterdijkian theoretical tools are then discussed and built on with other approaches, including F. Neyrat’s and R. Esposito’s work. Eventually, studying the case of the Netherlands reveals how immunity is at the heart of the order of some specific milieu. Indeed, this country is a paradigmatic case of a planning tradition that immunises society from its geographical milieu and an example of the implementation of CCA public policy.This thesis puts into perspective two contradictory main principles of the contemporary ordering of the milieus: absolute immunity and adaptativity. It shows how CCA resolves this contradiction in a very specific way.

This study focuses on an analysis of textbooks in religious studies for the upper secondary school in Sweden. In the Swedish curriculum Christianity has a special importance even though school should be non-confessional in Sweden. Since Sweden today does not have a central authority that reviews textbooks, it is instead up to the individual schools to analyze and review their teaching materials and the authors of textbooks need to base their textbooks on their own interpretation of the curriculum. The study aims to explain whether we can find a typical Swedish textbook discourse and if so how it relates to the curriculum's wording about Christianity’s special importance. Furthermore, what potential impact the author’s interpretation of this special importance could have on the equivalence in Swedish religious studies in upper secondary school and how it potentially could lead to a discourse of Christian exceptionalism. The analysis of the textbooks is based on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis both as a theory and as a method of analysis. The findings indicate that there is a Swedish textbook discourse that values western traditions over eastern traditions of Christianity and often equates Protestantism with the Church of Sweden.