Theropoda was one of the most successful dinosaurian clades during the Mesozoic and has remained a dominant component of faunas throughout the Cenozoic, with nearly 10,000 extant representatives. The discovery of Archaeopteryx provides evidence that avian theropods evolved at least 155 million years ago and that more than half of the tenure of avian theropods on Earth was during the Mesozoic. Considering the major changes in niche occupation for theropods resulting from the evolution of arboreal and flight capabilities, we have analyzed forelimb and hindlimb proportions among nonmaniraptoriform theropods, nonavian maniraptoriforms, and basal avialans using reduced major axis regressions, principal components analysis, canonical variates analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Our study is the first analysis on theropod limb proportions to apply phylogenetic independent contrasts and size corrections to the data to ensure that all the data are statistically independent and amenable to statistical analyses. The three ordination analyses we performed did not show any significant groupings or deviations between nonavian theropods and Mesozoic avian forms when including all limb elements. However, the bivariate regression analyses did show some significant trends between individual elements that suggested evolutionary trends of increased forelimb length relative to hindlimb length from nonmaniraptoriform theropods to nonavian maniraptoriforms to basal avialans. The increase in disparity and divergence away from the nonavian theropod body plan is well documented within Cenozoic forms. The lack of significant groupings among Mesozoic forms when examining the entire theropod body plan concurrently suggests that nonavian theropods and avian theropods did not substantially diverge in limb proportions until the Cenozoic. J. Morphol. 276:152-166, 2015.

Scientists and land managers often focus on the Southeastern Plains and Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States when considering the ecology, restoration, and management of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) communities and ecosystems. However, the range of this foundation tree species and its associated communities and ecosystems also extend into the Piedmont and Montane Uplands: the Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina and Virginia; the Ridge and Valley of Alabama and Georgia; and the Southwestern Appalachians of Alabama. The composition, structure, and dynamics of Piedmont and Montane Uplands longleaf pine communities have been understudied compared to their Southeastern Plains and Coastal Plain counterparts, and knowledge is based on historical accounts and a handful of studies at site-specific scales. The biogeography and ecology of Piedmont and Montane Uplands longleaf pine communities differ significantly from those in the Southeastern Plains and Coastal Plain. My research combines geospatial and ecological approaches to provide insights on current composition, structure, and dynamics of longleaf pine communities in the Southeastern Plains, Piedmont, and Ridge and Valley at multiple scales and highlights differences and similarities with communities in the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont and Montane Uplands longleaf pine communities showed high variation in canopy tree diversity compared to those in the Coastal Plain. Longleaf pine was sometimes the only canopy tree, while in other communities longleaf pine was one constituent in a mixed oak-pine canopy. My study showed that longleaf pine communities were not just restricted to south-facing slopes as previously thought, but were found on northwestern-facing slopes as well. Analysis of tree rings across my study sites showed that as longleaf pine approaches its northern range margin in the Piedmont and Montane Uplands, its radial growth is restricted by minimum temperature especially at longleaf pine's elevational, latitudinal, and longitudinal extremes; at all sties radial growth was influenced by drought and precipitation. At the local scale, I found that an Alabama Piedmont longleaf pine community showed a diameter-class distribution typical of an old-growth site but contrary to current knowledge, diameter was not a good indicator of age. / Ph. D.

黃慧賢. / "2001年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 150-161) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 8 yue" / Huang Huixian. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 150-161) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 引言篇 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- 女性按立議題的本質 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 神聖與世俗的取捨 / Chapter 1.2 --- 保留傳統與革新制度的選擇 / Chapter 2. --- 婦女對按立議題的回應 --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- 在婦女運動影響下，女性對按立女牧師的立場和反省 / Chapter 2.2 --- 女性參與封職的經驗 / Chapter 3. --- 理論架構一福柯的抗衡槪念 --- p.14 / Chapter 4. --- 硏究方法 --- p.16 / Chapter 4.1 --- 歷史文獻 / Chapter 4.2 --- 定質社會硏究 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 深入訪問 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 口述歷史 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- 跨宗派硏究 / Chapter 5. --- 論文大綱 --- p.21 / Chapter 第一章： --- 香港基督教會女性按立的歷史發展與槪況 --- p.22 / Chapter 1. --- 香港首名女牧師 --- p.22 / Chapter 2. --- 一件光榮的歷史一香港聖公會突破聖公宗的按立制度 --- p.27 / Chapter 3. --- 綜觀香港教會開放女性按牧的槪況 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- 各宗派開放女性按牧的槪況 / Chapter 3.2 --- 緩慢發展四十載 / Chapter 3.3 --- 八九以後女性封牧迅速增加 / Chapter 4. --- 總結 --- p.37 / Chapter 第二章： --- 宗派開放按立女牧師的話分析 --- p.39 / Chapter 1. --- 話語分析的定義 --- p.39 / Chapter 2. --- 開放女牧職的首要機制：嚴謹和深入研究討論 --- p.42 / Chapter 3. --- 按立的理念：徘徊兩性爭議和神學/聖經權威之間 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1 --- 話語一：強調兩性平等 / Chapter 3.2 --- 話語二 ：抗拒兩性平等 / Chapter 3.3 --- 話語三：視乎說話對象而定 / Chapter 4. --- 討論的內容：重新界定女牧職的準則？ --- p.54 / Chapter 5. --- 問題焦點：加強對婦女事奉的認同或再確定婦女的邊緣位置？ --- p.56 / Chapter 6. --- 總結 --- p.59 / Chapter 第三章： --- 從兩個信義宗宗派的個案，分析兩個最佳女候選人的抗衡 故事 --- p.60 / Chapter 1. --- 略述國外宗派聯繫對兩個信義宗宗派開放按立的影響 --- p.60 / Chapter 2. --- 甲宗派開放按立女牧師的前因後果 --- p.64 / Chapter 3. --- 乙宗派開放按立女牧師的來龍去脈 --- p.65 / Chapter 4. --- 作爲最佳候選人的處境和位置 --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- 張牧師的故事 / Chapter 4.2 --- 王牧師的故事 / Chapter 5. --- 她們的抗衡選擇 --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1 --- 在宗派討論期間的參與角色 / Chapter 5.2 --- 忠於所領受的呼召 / Chapter 5.3 --- 被質疑按立動機 / Chapter 5.4 --- 教育會眾關注女性封立 / Chapter 5.5 --- 爭議之後，再讀神學 / Chapter 5.6 --- 按立的選擇 / Chapter 6. --- 總結 --- p.82 / Chapter 第四章： --- 女性集體抗衡一宣道會例子 --- p.84 / Chapter 1. --- 宗派背景特色 --- p.84 / Chapter 1.1 --- 宗派成立與組織架構 / Chapter 1.2 --- 宗派所言說的女性地位 / Chapter 2. --- 開放按立政策的緣起 --- p.89 / Chapter 2.1 --- 外在影響 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 社會趨勢 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 跨宗派際間之互動 / Chapter 2.2 --- 內部蘊釀 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 九二年否決按立女牧師的議決 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 九五年從實際牧養角度展開討論 / Chapter 3. --- 婦女的抗衡表現 --- p.100 / Chapter 3.1 --- 婦女集體行動 / Chapter 3.2 --- 針對實際問題 / Chapter 3.3 --- 對男人領導原則的抗衡 / Chapter 3.4 --- 從上主而來的呼召，與上主一同爭戰 / Chapter 4. --- 總結 --- p.109 / Chapter 第五章： --- 女性個別、被動的抗衡一中華基督會例子 --- p.111 / Chapter 1. --- 宗派女性按立的背景 --- p.112 / Chapter 1.1 --- 宗派早期女性牧職的傳統 / Chapter 1.2 --- 香港區會女性牧職的發展 / Chapter 2. --- 堂會層面的阻礙 --- p.116 / Chapter 2.1 --- 堂會對女性事奉的抗拒 / Chapter 2.2 --- 堂會抗拒女性牧職 / Chapter 2.3 --- 宗派的組織結構問題限制實踐女性封職 / Chapter 3. --- 女牧師的抗衡表現 --- p.123 / Chapter 3.1 --- 個別抗衡 / Chapter 3.2 --- 被動抗衡 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 持守崗位 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 跳槽 / Chapter 4. --- 總結 --- p.133 / 結論篇 --- p.135 / Chapter 1. --- 綜論 --- p.135 / Chapter 2. --- 兩組相對應的抗衡表現 --- p.137 / Chapter 2.1 --- 從個別抗衡到集體抗衡 / Chapter 2.2 --- 從被動抗衡到主動參與 / Chapter 3. --- 意義重尋：女牧師抗衡表現的多元性 --- p.139 / Chapter 4. --- 宗教信仰與婦女抗衡 --- p.142 / 附件 --- p.145 / 附表一：香港華人女牧師按立年份表 --- p.145 / 附表二 ：有按立女牧師之宗派/堂會 --- p.148 / 圖一：香港華人女牧師按立人數 --- p.149 / 參考書目 --- p.150

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Freiburg (Breisgau), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references and sources (p. 332-390).

The rites for the consecration (ordination) of bishops in the churches listed in the title are examined against the background of the development of episcopal functions through the centuries, the controversies about the nature of the episcopate as a third order of ministry, and recent statements about the nature of episcopal ministry. Four issues are isolated as being paramount for understanding the present position of the episcopate in the West: (1) the development of the doctrine of apostolic succession; (2) the theological controversies concerning the relation of the episcopate to the presbyterate; (3) in Roman Catholicism, the papal claims to an immediate jurisdiction superior to the bishops' ; and (4) in Anglicanism, with major consequence for all subsequent ecumenical discussion, the effect of the Oxford Movement with its insistence upon the importance of the historic episcopate. Three sets of contemporary documents are analysed to see how they have dealt with the four issues in light of the needs of the contemporary Church: (1) from the documents of Vatican II, the second chapter of Lumen Gentium and the pastoral decree, Christus Dominus; (2) from the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches, the agreed statement drafted at Accra in 1974, The Ordained Ministry in Ecumenical Perspective; and (3) the preparatory papers and subsequent reports of the 1978 Lambeth Conference. The five rites are then examined to see how they reflect both the historical issues and the positions set forth in the recent documents. The examination of the rites is divided into two parts. First, the rites themselves are reproduced in full as head-notes with accompanying historical and liturgical annotations. Then, at the end of each rite, there is an essay discussing how the issues raised in the first three chapters have been treated and the Implications for understanding the issues in terms of text and rubric, A final essay deals with the lections appointed to be read in the services, comparing and contrasting the choices made, discussing the implications of those choices, and considering how they might be used as the basis for the ordination sermon. The final chapter summarizes the liturgical and theological approaches represented by the rites and discusses briefly how, on the basis of those rites, the ministry of bishops is to be understood in the churches which employ them.

Bakgrund: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) är en motorisk koordinationsstörning som uppstår i tidig ålder. Det är vanligt att barn med diagnosen DCD undviker fysisk aktivitet, lek och även svårt att klara kraven inom skolidrotten. Interventioner med task-oriented approach har varit den behandling som främst rekommenderas för barn med DCD. De senaste åren har nyare interventioner inom task-oriented approach utvecklats och blivit allt mer populära. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie har varit att undersöka evidensläget för behandlingsmetoder med task-oriented approach för barn med DCD och sammanställa dessa metoders effekter på balans, koordination och/eller fysisk aktivitet.  Metod: Arbetet utfördes som en narrativ litteraturstudie och en systematisk sökning efter relevanta studier genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane samt Cinahl. Studierna kvalitetsgranskades med PEDros granskningsmall och bedömning av evidensstyrka genomfördes med GRADEstud. Resultat: Nio studier med task-oriented approach inkluderades i studien. Artiklarnas kvalitet varierade mellan god, moderat och låg. Det sammanvägda resultatets evidensstyrka gällande effekt på balans och koordination med task-oriented approach graderades som mycket låg vid jämförelse med kontrollgrupp eller process-oriented approach och som låg vid jämförelse med annan task-oriented approach. Studiernas låga kvalitet, brist på poweranalyser samt heterogeniteten mellan interventionerna bedömdes vara orsaken till resultatet av evidensgraderingen. Konklusion: De inkluderade studierna har genomgående varit små och av varierande kvalitet. Mer forskning av hög kvalitet behövs för att kunna säkerställa en högre tillförlitlighet på effekten av task-oriented approach för barn med DCD. / Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a motor coordination disorder that occurs at an early age. It is common for children with DCD to avoid physical activity due to their motor problems and they have difficulty meeting the demands of school sports. Interventions with a task-oriented approach have mainly been what is recommended for children with DCD. In recent years, newer interventions that fall into the task-oriented approach have become increasingly popular. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the scientific evidence of treatment methods with task-oriented approach for children with DCD and to summarize  the effects of these methods on balance, coordination and physical activity. Method: For this narrative literature study the search for relevant studies was conducted in the medical databases PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Cinahl. The quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and the reliability of the evidence was evaluated with GRADEstud.  Result: Nine studies were included in the study. The quality of the studies varied between good, moderate and low. The reliability of the results to the effect on balance and coordination was graded as very low and low. This was due to the low quality, lack of power analysis and heterogeneity in the interventions with task-oriented approach. Summary: The included studies are generally small and of varying quality. More high-quality research is needed to ensure a higher reliability of the effect of task-oriented approach for children with DCD.

This research study was concerned with higher education, leadership development, and understanding and examining the training models that are employed to prepare men and women for Christian ministry. The study combines qualitative and quantitative research elements to examine the growing number of leadership development training models in Christian higher education and consider their relationship to the employment, leadership effectiveness, satisfaction, and tenure of the graduates who were developed as a result of them. The study attempts to broaden the research base related to leadership development and to initiate a conversation in the research community regarding possible relationships between leadership development training models used in seminaries and select outcome criteria. The research population for this study was five-year seminary graduates of ministerial leadership degree programs of institutions accredited by ABHE, ATS, and TRACS. The researcher established a taxonomic classification of leadership development training models from precedent literature, document analysis of 57 institutions in the research population, and interviews with select academic administrators. Study participants completed an online survey that combined the Leadership Practices Inventory (Kouzes and Posner) and the Hoppock Job Satisfaction Blank, and other questions related to employment and tenure. From the self-reported data, possible relationships between the training model categories and variables were examined ANOVA, Post-Hoc Tukey Tests, and MANOVA. This research study sought to identify and examine leadership development models in post-baccalaureate theological education. The primary aim on the study was to determine if there were any relationships between the leadership development model by which one was equipped for ministerial leadership and select outcome assessment criteria: ministry employment, leadership effectiveness in ministry, ministry job satisfaction, and ministry tenure. The study identified seven leadership development models among the research sample: Applied, Apprentice, Classic, Distance, Extension, Hybrid, and Partnership. Statistical analysis revealed some relationship between leadership development models and hiring for ministry, and some relationship between leadership development models and ministry tenure. The statistical analysis showed no significant relationships between leadership development models and the variables of leadership effectiveness and ministry job satisfaction. / This dissertation is made available for world-wide download through the permission of the author. This dissertation may be purchased from <a href="http://disexpress.umi.com/dxweb">http://disexpress.umi.com/dxweb</a> or downloaded through ProQuest's Dissertation and Theses database if your institution subscribes to that service.

This Thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of half-sandwich complexes supported by κ¹-amidinate and κ¹-guanidinate ligands as well as the cationic species produced on activation. The chemistry of the cationic species is detailed and DFT studies which have also been carried out to elucidate the bonding in relevant complexes are also presented.

abstract: This is a comparative study of two advanced ordination rituals, Daoist chuanshou (conferral of ordination rank) and Buddhist abhiṣeka (guanding) in the mid-late Tang and Five Dynasties (763-979). I analyzed a number of not-well-studied Daoist ritual protocols in the early medieval period, and revealed that rituals recast gender and fostered monastic relations. On the other hand, relying on both canonical materials and a manuscript preserved in Japan that recorded an abhiṣeka performed during the Tang dynasty in 839 C.E., I demonstrated how the canonical prescriptions of Indian origin, with modified actions and reinterpreted meaning, were transformed to respond to the Chinese religious and social environment. Having examined the language of the texts and the step of the rituals, I interpreted how these rituals were made sense in their own religious context, and compared their frame, structure, modality, symbol, and meaning. Ordination rite concerns the transmission of religious knowledge and authority, and the establishment of religious identity. It is in the relationship between the individual body and the community that Daoists and Buddhists found the form of apprenticeship that led to the embodiment of the community. The mastery of religious knowledge within the community––scriptures, register, mantras, and precepts, etc., was known only through the actual ritual practice. In other words, the ritual body became the locus for coordination of all levels of bodily, social, and cosmological experience via the dialectic of objectification and embodiment in the ordination rites. As the ritualized bodies, those who were ordained coherently comprised the community, which in turn remolded them with dynamically and diversely shaped identities. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation East Asian Languages and Civilizations 2019

Decision support systems (DSS) that integrate long-term duck population and land use data are currently being used to develop conservation programs on the Canadian prairies. However, understanding inter-relationships between ducks and other grassland bird species would greatly enhance program planning and delivery among various bird conservation initiatives. Therefore, to achieve these goals, grassland bird species richness and relative abundance were compared between areas of low, moderate and high predicted waterfowl breeding densities (strata) in the southern Missouri Coteau, Saskatchewan. Roadside point counts were conducted during spring 2001 and 2002, and habitats were delineated within 400 m radius of each point. More birds of more species were encountered in the high density waterfowl stratum when compared with low but species that tended to co-occur with ducks were primarily wetland-associated. Overall, duck and other grassland bird species richness and abundance were moderately correlated (0.69 > r > 0.37, all Ps < 0.05); strong positive correlations between priority species of conservation concern and northern pintails were not found. No difference in mean number of priority grassland species occurred among strata, but differences were found for both number of species and total birds detected among routes within strata. High duck density stratum was more heterogeneous, consisting of greater areas of forage, shrub, wetlands, and open water bodies whereas low stratum contained larger, more uniformly-shaped habitat patches and greater proportion of cropland. Ordination analyses revealed that most priority species occurred in grassland-dominated sites with lower shrub area and wetland density whereas most wetland-associated species, including ducks and 2 priority species (Wilsons phalarope and marbled godwit) inhabited cultivated areas with higher wetland density. Ducks and priority species generally did not co-occur at the stop-level in highly heterogeneous landscapes but suitable habitats for both groups may exist in near proximity. In homogeneous landscapes, ducks and other wetland-associated common species were less abundant because of limited number of suitable wetlands. To achieve these dual goals, conservation efforts should be focused in areas containing wetlands adjacent to contiguous tracts of native pasture.