The medical profession is in a state of social transformation. Medical education must follow suit to continue to produce physicians who can meet the demands of the ever-changing field of medicine and of the public it serves. In this study, an institutional logic framework is used in examining how the implementation of transformative pedagogy in medical education may be impeded by competing institutional logics, thereby disrupting the change process. This study proposed three questions aimed at examining and understanding the perceptions of social actors as it relates to transformational change in medical education: 1) What is the impact of institutional logics on the implementation of transformative pedagogy in medical education? 2) What are the institutional logics in medical education that may impact change, and are there any conflicts between them? 3) Is there any evidence that these conflicts, if they exist, act as a barrier or disincentive to pedagogical reform when diversity, equity, and inclusion measures are introduced? A mixed method approach involving a two-step method of data collection and analysis was used in this study. Information from websites were used to create interview guidelines for interviews with faculty, administrators, and students at two US-based urban medical schools. By analyzing data from the websites of two US-based urban medical schools and comparing those findings to that of the perceived notions retrieved from interviews of the impact logics have on service learning, this research has shown that understanding institutional logics aid in the implementation of transformative pedagogy by better understanding the role of competing logics. This researcher provides three recommendations for medical schools to consider when using an institutional logics framework to enact transformational pedagogy. The first recommendation is change on the micro level (i.e., on the program level). The second recommendation relates to change on the macro level (i.e., relationship with governing bodies). And the third recommendation is related to the influence on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) practices on the change process. I end with providing reasons for how examining the perceptions of the role of transformative pedagogy as a change agent in medical education can advance the field of medical sociology. / Sociology

Research describing conservation agencies has generally been exploratory and limited in the use of theory. Similarly, organizational theories can provide an understanding for how organizations change and adapt to their given environments, but they have not been applied to conservation agencies with unique challenges and strains from other public bureaucracies or private corporations. In expanding this body of literature, not only were these theories applied conservation agencies, but they were also explored in what Powell and Colyvas (2008, p. 276) called "microfoundations" of organizations, which focuses on the interplay between individuals and organizations. To explore this, a convergent mixed-methods design was conducted. Within the quantitative strand, anonymous online surveys (n = 183) were distributed to rangers within the Association of National Park Rangers and several social media groups as well as publicly available secondary data. For the qualitative strand, Zoom interviews (n = 11) and a participant observation of a Ranger Rendezvous conference was conducted. Through bivariate analyses, differences were found between law enforcement and non-law enforcement rangers; ordinary least squares regression indicate that role ambiguity and job satisfaction are important in predicting organizational commitment, and an interaction effect was found between type of ranger and job satisfaction on organizational commitment. Qualitative data finds several themes associated with rangers' perceptions of their organizations, including the variability of the implementation of policies, the importance of training in shaping ranger identity, and the variety of ways they perceive effectiveness and legitimacy. These strands are combined to describe how role ambiguity is important in organizational commitment as well as discussing the impacts of organizations on individual rangers. Theoretical and policy implications, limitations and future research are also discussed.

<p>This study explores connections between school discipline policies and educational inequality by examining the implementation of “Progressive Discipline” (PD) in an Ontario school board. By using positive reinforcements, preventions, and early and ongoing interventions, PD has replaced more punitive “zero tolerance” approaches as the official approach to student discipline in provincial public schools. This study poses two broad research questions that are guided by prominent theories of school organization and family-school relations: i) Given prevailing schooling practices, how is PD actually implemented, ii) can PD compensate for student inequalities in exposure to cultural orientations demanded by schools. To address these questions, this study draws on 36 qualitative interviews with key actors in several schools, and has two key findings. First, despite the official shift from zero tolerance to PD, student discipline continues to be managed by schools and individual school-based actors along a continuum, with some becoming more progressive, while others remaining more punitive. Thus, this policy evolution has involved a shift from a tighter to a more “loosely coupled” form of organization. But despite this variation, school-based actors are gradually embracing PD, since more progressive perspectives on student discipline appear to resonate with many educators and administrators. Second, the shift to PD is creating new forms of cultural practices in schools, and these practices are generating considerable variations in the outcomes of discipline processes. Building on these findings, this study concludes that progressive discipline policy has the potential to serve as a mechanism of “cultural mobility” and partially compensate for students’ unequal exposure to the values, behaviours and skill sets that are needed to comply with schools’ standards of behaviour.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Using a Systems Theory approach allows a person to analyze the intertwined elements of the drug development system and the potential influences of the environment. Thomas Hughes's Large Technological Systems (LTS) Theory is one that could be used for this purpose; however, it falls short in its ability to address the complexity of current day regulatory environments. This dissertation provides a critical analysis of Hughes's LTS Theory and his phases of evolution as they apply to the United States (U.S.) system for biologic drug research, development and labeling. It identifies and explains potential flaws with Hughes's LTS Theory and provides suggested improvements. As an alternative approach, this dissertation explores the concept of "techno-regulatory system" where government regulators play an integral part in system innovations and explains why such systems do not always follow Hughes's model. Finally, this dissertation proposes a hybrid version of Hughes's systems approach and uses it to explain the changes that occurred in the drug approval system in response to the push for, opposition, and inclusion of, pediatric research in drug development during the period 1950-2003. / Ph. D.

Underlying institutional forms are normative orders which give meaning to rules, norms, practices and customs. It is only recently that scholars have seriously considered the role of normative orders in institutional dynamics. Two meta-theories of institutionalism offer competing visions of how these normative orders are invoked. The Institutional Logics Perspective calls normative orders “institutional logics” and suggest that they are invoked in a consistent stable fashion. The Pragmatist Institutionalism approach calls normative orders “anchoring concepts” and suggests that they are used in less predictable ways to produce meaning. This study introduces the concept of fidelity to capture the difference between these two approaches and test which approach may offer a more accurate account of how normative orders are invoked in practice. The study uses the case of the USCG response to melting Arctic ice to study this issue by focusing on the two most dominant normative orders of American government. The study relies on interviews conducted with USCG personnel dealing with the agency’s response to melting Artic Ice. The data is then analyzed through a narrative analysis framework. The study finds that normative orders are invoked, in this case, in a manner more closely aligned with Pragmatist Institutionalism. This finding has implications for how administrative judgement is understood especially with respect to public agencies. / Ph. D.

While government contracting out its work continues to proliferate and studies about this phenomenon have increased during the past two decades, still little is known about how effective government sponsored networks are at managing broad and complex networks of primarily non-governmental entities. This dissertation reports the results of one such investigation, which examined a U.S. federal agency's contracting experiences in evidence-based health care. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a unit of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Among other tasks, AHRQ supports the development and dissemination of evidence about current best practices in health services delivery through its Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) programs that contract out its work and operate in broad and complex network. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which AHRQ's EPC Program I was effective in supporting the translation of evidence reports and disseminating the products to the public by contracting with public and non-profit entities to do the work. This dissertation also sought to examine the extent to which the evidence reports and derivative products were publicly accessible by operationalizing the objectives articulated in AHRQ's authorizing legislation in a manner consistent with theories of representative democracy and exploring Program I's effectiveness using William T. Gormley's ideas (1989; Gormley & Balla 2003) of bureaucratic control. The results from this dissertation suggest that a decentralized network was related to overall higher translation and dissemination network effectiveness. Specifically, the findings from this study suggest that a decentralized network was related to overall higher translation and dissemination network effectiveness. Also, weak ties among the network actors when transferring complex knowledge was associated with higher translation and dissemination network effectiveness on the whole. The findings from this dissertation also contribute to network theory by extending Gormley's bureaucratic control typology (1989; Gormley & Balla 2003) to the network level, and also to the type of control that was available to the Agency over the network. Finally, the results contribute to better understanding of the dynamics that can be associated with the effectiveness of similar programs. / Ph. D.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom tolkning och analys av värderingar och attityder hos Generation Z konstruera en idealtyp av en organisation, som kommer att kunna användas som ett redskap för förståelse för hur organisationer skulle kunna se ut i framtiden för att passa Generation Z.   Metod: En intervjustudie som behandlar generationsforskning ur ett organisationsperspektiv. Studien har genomförts med en induktiv metod och en kvalitativ strategi.   Slutsats: I Generation Z:s uttalade värderingar och attityder framträdde en paradox. Generation Z värdesatte motstridiga aspekter inom arbetslivet. Resultatet av studien är därför idealtypen ”Prospero”, baserad på Generation Z:s uttalade värderingar och attityder. En tvådelad organisationsstruktur som kombinerar hierarkisk ordning och struktur med adhocratisk kreativitet. Arbetsdagen är uppdelad mellan dessa båda delar, denna uppdelning regleras genom stämpelklockan ”Miranda”. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to, through interpretation and analysis of values and attitudes of Generation Z, construct an ideal type of organization, which can be used as a tool for the understanding of how organizations could look like in the future to accommodate Generation Z.   Methodology: An interview study that addresses the topic of generational research from an organizational perspective. The study was conducted with an inductive approach and a qualitative method.   Conclusions: From Generation Z's spoken values and attitudes a paradox emerged. Generation Z valued conflicting aspects of working life. The result of the study is therefore the ideal type “Prospero”, which is based on Generation Z's spoken values and attitudes. A dual-sided organizational structure that combines hierarchical order and structure with an ad hoc creativity. The workday is divided between the two sides, this transition is controlled by the punch clock “Miranda”.

Nearly two-thirds of undergraduate college students within the United States fail to graduate within six years because they are unprepared for postsecondary education. Thus, many states have embarked on policy reform movements centered on college and career readiness for all high school graduates. This study focused on Kentucky’s efforts to implement four key initiatives—accelerated learning, secondary interventions, college and career readiness advising, and persistence to graduation—resulting from sweeping reform policies enacted in 2009 by the Kentucky General Assembly. The study considers policy implementation from an organizational perspective and explores the structural characteristics associated with effective policy implementation at the school level.

Syfte: Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats var att beskriva om och på vilket sätt anslutningen till RIA-projektet inom sektionen vid sjukhuset i Sverige har varit effektiv i förhållande till sektionens uppsatta mål. Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen utgår från två modeller om effektivitet vilka har anpassats efter den mänskliga resursen. Referensramen behandlar inre- och yttre effektivitet med tillhörande underrubriker, nämligen: Resurser, kompetens arbetsuppgifter och mål. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ fallstudie av beskrivande karaktär med en deduktiv ansats. Primärdata samlades in med tillgänglighetsurval med semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju respondenter. Det empiriska materialet analyserades med en tematisk analysmetod med teman i förhållande till den teoretiska referensramen. Studien hämtade sekundärdata från böcker, akademiska artiklar och akademiska tidskrifter. Empiri: Empiriska data samlades in från sjukhuspersonal och vårdenhetschefer inom sektionen vid sjukhuset i Sverige. Slutsatser: Studien kommer fram till att anslutningen till RIA-projektet inom sektionen vid sjukhuset i Sverige har varit effektiv i förhållande till sektionens uppsatta mål, men inte till vilken grad den har varit effektiv. De mänskliga resurserna kan göra mer rätt saker, sjukhuspersonalen använder sin kompetens i större utsträckning och sjukhuspersonalen kan utföra arbetsuppgifter rätt i förhållande till vad som ingår i deras yrkesroll. Det har i sin tur lett till snabbare handläggning och bidragit till inre effektivitet vilket i sin tur har lett till yttre effektivitet i förhållande till sektionens uppsatta mål. / The purpose of this Bachelor Thesis was to describe if and in what way the connection with the RIA-project within the section at the hospital in Sweden has been effective in relation to the goal that has been established by the section. The theoretical framework proceeds from two models that deals with effectiveness which have been adapted to the human resource. The framework treats efficiency and effectiveness with associated subheadings, specifically: Resources, competency, job assignments and goal. The study was a qualitative case study with a descriptive nature and a deductive approach. Primary data was collected with accessibility selection with semi-structured interviews with seven respondents. The empirical findings were analysed with a thematic analysis method with themes related to the theoretical framework. The study collected secondary data from books, academic articles and academic journals. Empirical data was collected from hospital staff and hospital management within the section at the hospital in Sweden. The study reaches the conclusion that the connection with the RIA-project within the section at the hospital in Sweden has been effective in relation to the goal that has been established by the section, but not to what degree it has been effective. The human resources can do more right things, the hospital staff uses its competence to a higher degree and the hospital staff can perform job assignments right in relation to what is associated with their profession. This in turn have led to faster processing and contributed to efficiency which in turn have led to effectiveness in relation to the goal that has been established by the section.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avançar no entendimento acerca do constructo \"ecossistema\" quando aplicado na área da teoria organizacional, especificamente dentro do campo da gestão da inovação. A investigação desse termo foi considerada importante por despertar o interesse tanto da comunidade científica quanto dos empreendedores. Após uma revisão de literatura com as principais publicações sobre esse tema, percebeu-se que essa abordagem utilizava conceitos de outras teorias, principalmente da teoria de sistemas, cadeia de valor e teoria de rede. A partir dessa constatação, o estudo chegou a seguinte questão de pesquisa: \"Como a abordagem de Ecossistema explica - de maneira original em relação à cadeia de valor e a teoria de rede - a atividade empreendedora de base tecnológica em sua fase nascente?\". Dessa discussão, intuiu-se que a lógica de ecossistema propiciava maiores benefícios em momentos de instabilidade de um empreendimento, onde o caminho a ser perseguido era incerto. Essa característica, se confirmada seria de particular proveito para os empreendimentos inseridos nos chamados mercados dinâmicos, que são ambientes constantemente envoltos em incertezas. A fim de testar essa hipótese, foram formuladas quatro proposições: (P1) A lógica de ecossistema tem boa aderência em empreendimentos nascentes, pois ela consegue adaptar-se às mudanças que não foram previstas no escopo inicial do planejamento; (P2) A cadeia de valor, pelo fato de não considerar atores complementadores perde capacidade de avaliar um empreendimento em fase inicial; (P3) A cadeia de valor, por se tratar de uma ferramenta de análise de melhoria contínua, tem dificuldades para lidar com mudanças disruptivas, que altere seu estado estável; (P4) O mapeamento de uma rede pode ser difícil e custoso, dificultando sua execução prática. A investigação dessas proposições foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com quatro empresas nascentes de base tecnológica. Em relação à proposição (P1), concluímos que além da adaptação esperada da abordagem ecossistema perante as mudanças ocorridas na trajetória planejada do empreendimento, o ecossistema consegue ainda sugerir que metas concretas a serem perseguidas pelo empreendimento a fim de conseguir sobreviver e evoluir para os próximos estágios. A proposição (P2) também foi confirmada na pesquisa de campo, sugerindo que os atores complementadores são sim de relevância significante para que o cliente reconheça valor à oferta da firma focal. Além disso, esta pesquisa sugere ainda que de todos os complementos da sua oferta, devem ser monitorados com especial cuidado aqueles que estão na fronteira da inovação tecnológica. A proposição (P3) não pode ser verificada neste trabalho e a proposição (P4) precisa de maior verificação para uma conclusão segura. A pesquisa conclui com um posicionamento otimista em relação à abordagem \"ecossistema\", acreditando ser uma abordagem promissora para o gerenciamento de empreendimentos inseridos em ambientes de alta velocidade. Por se tratar de um estudo exploratório, sugere que as investigações não se encerrem neste trabalho, apresentando por fim alguns caminhos que podem ser aprofundados. / This dissertation is an attempt to push forward the knowledge boundary concerning the construct \"ecosystem\" placed in the organizational theory, precisely within the innovation management field. The investigation was considered important because it arouses the interest both of the scientific community than the managers and entrepreneurs. After the literature review, which included the most important publications about the theme, it came to our sight that this approach use concepts of different theories, mainly the system theory, the value chain and the network theory. Along with this finding, this study arrive to the following research question: \"How does the Ecosystem approach explains - in an original basis facing the value chain and the network theory - the entrepreneurship activity in technological startups?\". From this debate, an insight sparkles, saying that the ecosystem logic offers more benefits during the instability phases of a business, when the way to follow is uncertain. This feature, assuming to be right, would be particular useful for organizations placed in dynamic markets, which are environments surrounded by uncertainties. In order to test this hypothesis, four propositions were formulated: (P1) The ecosystem logic has good adherence in startups, because it can adapt to the changes that were not expected in the first planning scope; (P2) because the value chain do not consider the complementors, it loses capability to evaluate a business startup; (P3) the value chain is a tool for continuous improvement , and therefore, have difficulties to deal with disruptive changes that modifies an organization stable state; (P4) mapping a network is complex and costly, hampering its practical execution. The investigation of these propositions was conducted through semi structured interviews performed with four startups. Concerning to the proposition (P1), we concluded that beyond the adaptation expected in the first place, the ecosystem can also suggest objective goals to be chased so that the ecosystem can survive and evolve to the next stage. The proposition (P2) was also confirmed in the field research, suggesting that the complementors have significant relevance on the client\'s value perception regarding the focal firms\' offer. Besides, this research also proposes that not every complementors should be tracked from the focal firm, but only the ones that are at the technological innovation boundary edge. The proposition (P3) couldn\'t be verified in this study while the proposition (P4) needs more investigation to a reliable conclusion. The research concludes with a positive perspective about the ecosystem, believing it is a promising approach for organizations residing in high velocity markets. Since this is an exploratory study we strongly suggest that the investigations do not end in this dissertation, where is presented some possible paths so that this work can be continued.