Ce travail est motivé par l’utilisation dans de nombreux dispositifs électrochimiques des mélanges de liquides ioniques (LIs) à base du cation 1-butyl-3-méthylimidazolium (C4mim+) couplés à des anions perfluorés (BF4−, PF6−, TFO−, TFSI−), avec d’autre part des solvants aprotiques polaires tels que l'acétonitrile (AN), la γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL), le carbonate de propylène (PC). Nous avons réalisé des simulations de dynamique moléculaire afin de caractériser la structure locale de ces mélanges. Les variations de la structure microscopique en fonction de la composition du mélange ont été calculées via l’utilisation d’un arsenal de fonctions statistiques avancées, basé sur la structure locale. Celle-ci est largement déterminée par la distribution radiale et orientationelle des plus proches voisins à un ion ou une molécule de référence. Dans un premier temps, la structure locale dans les LIs purs et dans les solvants moléculaires a été analysée. Pour l'ensemble des LIs, il a été établi que les interactions de liaison H de type C-H···X impliquant les atomes d’hydrogène H2,4,5 du cycle imidazolium et les atomes électronégatifs de l’anion sont faibles et peuvent être classés dans l’ordre suivant TFO-, BF4-, PF6-, TFSI-. Pour le solvant pur, nos résultats montrent que les interactions dipôle-dipôle jouent un rôle important dans la structure locale des solvants étudiés, alors que les interactions liaison H dans le PC et le γ-BL sont faibles.Les résultats montrent que dans tous les mélanges LI/solvant moléculaire étudiés, la distribution de l'anion autour du cation n'est pas fortement affectée lorsque la fraction molaire du LI, xIL, varie entre 0,3 et 1,0. Mais pour les valeurs de xIL inférieures à 0,3 les interactions entre cation et anion sont fortement diminuées. Ces résultats corroborent les données publiées sur le comportement du déplacement chimique du proton H² en fonction de xIL. Nos résultats soulignent aussi l'importance des interactions anion-solvant dans la description de la structure locale des mélanges LI/solvant moléculaire. / Mixtures of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with perfluorinated anions and dipolar aprotic solvent are promising candidates for electrolytic components used in different electrochemical applications. Current state of technologies requires detailed information on the influence of the mixture composition on the physical and chemical properties of the mixture. This thesis presents a molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the local structure organization of the mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mim+) ILs with perfluorinated anions (BF4‒, PF6‒, TFO‒, TFSI‒) and dipolar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile (AN), γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and propylene carbonate (PC). As a first step, the local structure in the neat ILs and molecular solvents has been analyzed. For the set of ILs it was established that H-bonding interactions at the H2 site is strongly enhanced compared to the H4-5 sites in the case of asymmetric and/or strongly basic anions like TFO− or TFSI−. The cation-cation contacts via the aggregation of the butyl chains is much stronger and less anion-dependent than the π+-π+ stacking of the imidazolium rings. For the pure solvent our results show that although the dominant dipole-dipole orientation between a reference molecule and first neighbor is the antiparallel one, while for the subsequent neighbors the antiparallel orientation is gradually weakened in favor of the parallel one. More distant neighbors tend to be parallel to the reference molecule. A deep analysis of the local structure made it possible to identify the presence of weak hydrogen bonds in the selected dipolar solvents. For the mixtures of imidazolium-based ILs the results show that in all the studied IL/molecular solvent mixtures, the distribution of the anion around the cation is not drastically affected in the range of xIL between 1.0 and 0.3 and for further decrease of xIL noticeable changes in the distance characteristics describing the cation and anion hydrogen bonding interactions, occur. These changes are associated with the expected weakening of the cation and anion interactions. These results are in good agreement with the behavior of the 2H chemical shift as a function of xIL. Furthermore, our results point out to the importance of the anion-solvent interactions in describing the local structure in these mixtures.

Orientador: Sueli Terezinha Ferreira Martins / Banca: Renato Eugênio da Silva Diniz / Banca: Wanda Junqueira Aguiar / Resumo: A sexualidade humana é de natureza sócio-histórica como qualquer atividade humana, da qual temos um conhecimento acumulado pela humanidade ao longo da sua história. Apesar disso, ela é muitas vezes, ainda hoje, tratada apenas na sua dimensão biológica e/ou carregada de moralismo, tendo dos dogmas religiosos grande interferência. Atualmente com as mudanças que estão ocorrendo no sistema econômico capitalista, com a globalização da economia e a implantação em nível mundial da política neoliberal, os problemas ligados à sexualidade humana, têm se intensificado e com isso, vêm causando sofrimento naqueles que possuem formação inconsistente acerca do assunto. Entre os adolescentes têm aumentado a ocorrência das DST's, da AIDS e de gravidez não planejada. Diante dessa situação, tornou-se consenso entre pais e educadores que a escola é um espaço que pode e deve oferecer formação a respeito da temática. Visando saber se a escola está ocupando esse espaço e como o está fazendo, a presente pesquisa buscou através de entrevistas estruturadas com oito professores de escola pública estadual de ensino fundamental e médio, localizada em bairro periférico no município de Bauru/SP, levantar: as concepções dos professores sobre sexualidade; se abordam efetivamente o assunto e como o estão fazendo em suas aulas; se o uso do Tema Transversal de Orientação Sexual ocorre e como o fazem; com a publicação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e Tema Transversal em Orientação Sexual, se o trabalho dos professores em sala de aula mudou, e evidenciar as principais dificuldades dos professores na abordagem de temas sexuais. Os resultados que obtivemos, em síntese, foram que: quanto à concepção sobre sexualidade, a maioria dos professores tem dificuldades em falar sobre a temática e o pouco que falam é carregado de vergonha e moralismo, salvo exceção. / Abstract: The nature of human sexuality is socio-historical as any other human activity that we have and accumulated knowledge for the humanity along the history. In spite of that, the human sexuality is still today, just treated in its biological dimension and/or loaded of moralism, tends of the dogmas great religious interference. Nowadays with the changes that are happening in the capitalist economical system, with the globalization of the economy and the implantation in all world of the neoliberal politics, the linked problems to the human sexuality, have intensified are causing suffering in those that possess inconsistent formation concerning the subject. Among the adolescents it has been increasing the occurrence of DST's, of AIDS and of not planned pregnancy. Due to that situation, it became a consensus between parents and educators that, the school is a space that can offer formation regarding the sexuality theme. Seeking to know if the school is occupying that space and how this institution is making it, this research looked for through interviews structured with eight teachers of state public school of fundamental and medium level, located in outlying neighborhood in the municipal district of Bauru/SP, to know: the teacher's conceptions about sexuality; if they approach the subject indeed and how they are making it, in their classes; if the use of the Traverse Theme of Sexual Orientation happens and how they make it; Investigate if with the publication of the Parameters National Curriculares (PCN) and Traverse Theme in Sexual Orientation, the teacher's work in classroom changed, and to evidence the teachers' main difficulties in the approach of sexual themes. The results that we obtained, in synthesis, were that: as for the conception about sexuality, most of the teachers have difficulties in talking about the theme and the little that they speak is loaded of shame and moralism. / Mestre

Behavior of pedestrians who are moving or standing still close to the street could be one of the most significant indicators about pedestrian’s instant future actions. Being able to recognize the activity of a pedestrian, can reveal significant information about pedestrian’s crossing intentions. Thus, the scope of this thesisis to investigate ways and methods to improve understanding ofpedestrian´s activity and in particular detecting their motion and head orientation in relation to the surrounding traffic. Furthermore, different features and methods are examined, used and assessed according to their contribution on distinguishing between different actions. Feature extraction methods considered are Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The features are extracted by processing still images of pedestrians from the Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving (JAAD) dataset. The images are extracted from video frames depicting pedestrians walking next to the road or crossing the road are used. Based on the features, a number of Machine Learning (ML) techniques(CNN, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbor and Decision Trees) are used to predict the head orientation, motion as well as the intention of the pedestrian. The work is divided into three parts, the first is to combine feature extraction and ML to predict pedestrian’s action regarding if they are walking or not. The second is to identify the pedestrian's head orientation in terms of if he/she is looking at the vehicle or not, this is also done by combining feature extraction and ML. The final task is to combine these two measures in a ML-basedclassifier that is trained to predict the pedestrian´s crossing intention and action. In addition to the pedestrian’s behavior for estimating the crossing intention, additional features about the local environment were added as input signals for the classifier, for instance, information about the presence of zebra markings in the street, the location of the scene, and weather conditions.

Currently, much attention is paid to magnetoreception, a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field of the earth. Now, this discovery is related to positional behaviour of animals (magnetic alignment) in the magnetic field and the world phenomenon of "magnetic cows". The magnetic alignment is a spontaneous (congenital) behaviour, when the animal puts its body axis into the positions of north - south or east - west. Most studies have demonstrated the north - south direction preference. This work contributes to clarify positional behaviour of cattle during the daily cycle. This study is based on a different data collection and is targeted at individuals in the herd. Individuals were photographed in a given direction, at hourly intervals. The magnetic alignment was determined in 26 individuals from three different cattle herds, mainly east or west. Statistically significant results during daily cycles in individual intervals also confirmed the north - south direction preference. There were also discussed the environmental conditions that may affect the final result. For inconclusive results, the individuals were probably motivated by temporarily more important local incentives.

Este estudo busca analisar a questão de como o dispositivo trabalho é atravessado pelo dispositivo sexualidade nos casos de discriminação por orientação sexual, e os reflexos desta dinâmica na constituição dos sujeitos. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho são investigar como se apresenta a discriminação por orientação sexual no trabalho e seus reflexos nos processos de subjetivação dos sujeitos que passam por tal situação, bem como analisar quais são os caminhos possíveis percorridos pelas pessoas que sofrem tal tipo de discriminação, na busca de visibilidade, respeito e proteção legal. Para tanto foram entrevistados quatro sujeitos que passaram por discriminação nos ambientes de trabalho devido à orientação sexual que manifestam e procederam a denúncias junto a uma ONG pela livre expressão sexual, também foi entrevistada uma fiscal do trabalho da SRTE, órgão estatal que também recebe este tipo de denúncias. O que vemos é o trabalho tomado ainda como sustentáculo social, conformado em um jogo de poderes que se vale da sexualidade, bem como do familismo, para sua manutenção, (re)instituindo a heterossexualidade como norma às custas de outras formas de expressão sexual. Dessa forma, a discriminação por orientação sexual se mostra como uma realidade, tendo profundo impacto nos processos de subjetivação e nas possibilidades de sobrevivência dos sujeitos, uma vez que a demissão é o desfecho e a dificuldade de retorno ao mercado de trabalho são as conseqüências mais comuns. Frente a isso, acompanhamos a construção de uma rede social e jurídica de combate a esta forma de preconceito e pela não-discriminação por orientação sexual. / This paper searches to study how the work is influenced by the sexuality on the cases of discrimination linked to sexual orientation in the Brazilian context. The focus is mainly the discussion about the implications in the production of subjectivity, as well as the creation of social and juridical instruments and affirmative actions that intend to guarantee liberty of sexual expression. In order to attain this objective, we used a genealogical approach to define the possibility conditions to the emergence of sexual orientation discrimination as a social question. The work is still the basis of construction social and defines the sexuality mainly as heterosexuality, using the familism to support it. Sexual discrimination in the work put in danger its victims because takes their life support off. However there is a creation of juridical and social instruments and actions that aim reaches a sexual expression with dignity.

A Orientação Empreendedora (OE) é um tópico de estudo na temática do empreendedorismo. Entendida como empreendedorismo no nível organizacional, diversos autores têm sugerido que a OE pode influenciar positivamente o desempenho de uma organização. Alguns autores apontam que tem sido dada limitada ênfase na literatura para os eventos que desencadeiam o comportamento empreendedor nas organizações, um dos principais motivadores desse estudo, centrado na OE em organizações. O estudo se fundamenta na seguinte questão de pesquisa: A partir de uma base conceitual de OE e de um levantamento de práticas efetivas a ela relacionadas, que elementos possibilitam guiar ações visando a OE em organizações de software? O objetivo é propor um conjunto consolidado de elementos que possibilitem guiar ações visando a OE em organizações de software. Para isso, realizou-se pesquisa de natureza exploratória, com o uso de dados qualitativos. O estudo iniciou com pesquisa bibliográfica para constituição de base conceitual de OE. Em seguida, foi realizado estudo piloto para verificar a aplicabilidade da base conceitual. Numa etapa seguinte, realizou-se entrevista com especialistas dirigentes de entidades representativas do setor de software visando a identificação de organizações que se destacam em termos de empreendedorismo. Finalmente, procedeu-se à entrevista em profundidade com executivos dessas organizações com o intuito de fazer um levantamento de práticas efetivas de OE, tendo como referência a base conceitual adotada no estudo. Como resultado, apresenta-se um conjunto consolidado de elementos e categorias agregadoras, que enriqueceu a base conceitual de OE e foi consolidado a partir da literatura e da prática efetiva das organizações. Esse conjunto de elementos e categorias constitui importante referência para guiar ações visando a OE em organizações de software. Em termos teóricos, o estudo contribui com o enriquecimento e detalhamento da base conceitual de OE e suas dimensões, e, sobretudo, a proposição de categorias agregadoras e a consolidação de seus elementos. Em termos práticos contribui para que executivos, empresários, gestores de organizações de software possam obter subsídios para guiar ações visando a OE. / The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is a studying topic in the entrepreneurship theme. Several authors who understand EO as entrepreneurship in the organizational level suggest that EO can influence the performance of an organization in a positive way. Some authors point that it has been given limited emphasis to events which derive organizational entrepreneurial behaviors. That is one of the main motivations of this EO centered study which has its foundation in the following research question: Based on a conceptual basis of EO as well as on a researched list of effective practices related to that EO model in organizations, what are the elements which make it possible to conduct actions in the direction of EO in software organizations? The objective is to propose a consolidated set of elements which allow actions aiming at EO in software organizations. For that reason an exploratory research was carried out using qualitative data. The study started with a literature review in order to compose the conceptual basis of EO. Afterwards a pilot study was done to verify the applicability of the conceptual basis. The following step was an interview with specialists who are administrators in representative organizations in the software sector to identify the ones which are outstanding in terms of entrepreneurship. Finally a deeper interview with executives from those organizations was conducted to make an account of EO effective practices having the conceptual basis of EO as its basis. As a result, a set of consolidated elements and aggregated categories which enhanced the conceptual basis of EO were presented based on the literature and on effective practice of EO. That set of elements and aggregating categories constitute important reference to conduct actions in the EO direction in software organizations. In theoretical terms the study contributes to the enhancement and detailing of the conceptual basis of EO and its dimensions mainly through the proposition of aggregating categories and consolidation of its elements. In practical ways it contributes to executives, directors and managers in software organizations who can get subsidies to conduct actions aiming at EO.

A integração da inteligência de mercado e a estruturação eficaz das fases iniciais (também conhecidas como front-end) do processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos são dois dos mais importantes e difíceis desafios que inovadores enfrentam. Esta tese concentra-se na ligação entre estes dois aspectos, oferecendo um modelo conceitual para a sistematização e integração da inteligência de mercado nas atividades do front-end. O modelo, intitulado MISIPro (Market Intelligence Sistematization e Integration Process – Processo de sistematização e integração da inteligência de mercado), considera dois tipos diferentes de atividades que ocorrem no front-end: a) atividades de processamento de informações de mercado; e b) atividades de desenvolvimento de produtos. Essas atividades são então definidas, estruturadas e integradas. O modelo foi desenvolvido com base numa revisão da literatura sobre desenvolvimento de produtos, orientação de mercado e gestão do conhecimento e em 5 estudos de caso em empresas no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Como contribuição teórica, esta tese apresenta uma integração de conceitos importantes provenientes de diferentes perspectivas e áreas de conhecimento e uma nova abordagem e estrutura para a concepção do conceito. Para os profissionais, o modelo oferece uma ferramenta útil para a estruturação das atividades do front-end e integração das informações de mercado no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. / Integrating market intelligence and effective structuring of the planning stages (also known as front-end) of new product development (NPD) process are two of the most important and difficult challenges facing innovators. This dissertation focuses on the link between these two elements, offering a conceptual model for the systematization and integration of market intelligence into the frontend activities. The model, entitled MISIPro (Market Intelligence Systematization and Integration Process), considers two different types of activities that take place in the front-end: a) market information processing activities; and b) product development activities. These activities are herein defined, structure and mutually integrated. The model was developed based on a review of the literature about product development, market orientation and knowledge management, and 5 case studies in Brazilian and U.S. companies. From a theoretical perspective, this dissertation offers an integration of the important concepts from different perspectives and areas of knowledge and a new approach and structure for the concept design. For practitioners, the model offers a useful tool for structuring the front-end activities and integrating market intelligence into the NPD process.

Expectations about interpersonal distance during social encounters (distance schemata) and body orientation (orientation schemata) were investigated among White English-speakers and Xhosa groups which included illiterate traditionalists (Reds), poorly educated urban dwellers, and highly literate students and nurses. In a series of six experiments a doll placement task was used in which subjects represented dyadic encounters by placing pairs of standing dolls. For each situation represented the responses of each group of subjects were summarised in the form of a profile which showed the mean of the distance and three angle measures (IPOS profile). Independent variables included culture of subject, type of situation represented (friendly encounter, quarrel, accusation and denial, request) and the sex, age or relationship of the persons represented. In the culminating experiment (Experiment 6), females from three Xhosa groups (Reds or XR, poorly educated urban or XU, and urban nurses or XN) made twenty-three placements. In some respects the schemata of the four groups were very similar, while in others both distance and orientation schemata were a function of cultural group. The experiments allowed an assessment of the validity of the doll placement method to be made, and results were discussed in terms of the effects on interpersonal distance and body orientation of cultural norms concerning the showing of respect and the nature and strength of the emotions present in the various types of situation. It was concluded that with cultural movement away from the traditionalist pattern the schemata of the urban Xhosa showed a transition towards those found among the Whites in some respects. However, while the schemata of the XN group showed features of both those of the XR and White groups, those of the XU group showed features found in neither which seemed to reflect the insecurity of the cultural milieu of the urban poor.

Title: Problematics of motivation and aggressivity in sports Objectives: Main target of my diploma thesis is to test selfdetermination of individuals participating in sports, their motivations and motivation factors which are connected to aggressivity, by using the questionnaire method. Methods: Datas for research were collected from quantitativ questionaire, which was a compilation of three standard questinnaires, their Czech version used in psychology. A questionnaire called Sport motivation scale - 6 was used to measure selfdetermination, a questionnaire called Percetion of Success Questionaire was used to measure the motivational orientation and a questionnaire called The Buss - Perry Aggression Questionaire was used to measure different dimensions of aggressivity. Results: Results of selfdetermination measured on sportsmen of UK FTVS prove the general hypothesis of high contribution of intrinsic motivation and very low participation of amotivation for any individuals participating in sports. Higherst values measured we got for integrated regulation, which is the most intrinsic form of external motivation. Results of motivational orientation of respondents show clearly dominance of motivational orientation toward the target rather than toward ego. The highest measured value of different forms...

Sexual minority adolescents are at higher risk for a variety of difficulties, including traditional victimization and depression. Also, cybervictimization has been associated with higher rates of depression. However, little attention has been paid to investigating the relations between sexual orientation, cybervictimization, and depressive symptoms, especially within the developmental stage of late adolescence. In fact, very little cybervictimization research has been conducted within this age group due to an assumption that cyberbullying is a problem only seen in middle school and high school. One aim of the current study was to determine whether sexual minority older adolescents are at greater risk for cybervictimization than their heterosexual counterparts. Another aim was to identify the specific sexual orientation and gender categories that were associated with the highest levels of cybervictimization. The study also was intended to examine whether current cybervictimization predicts depressive symptoms above and beyond other predictors, such as current traditional victimization and perceptions of high school cybervictimization. Another goal was to determine whether current cybervictimization interacts with these variables to predict depressive symptoms. The final aim of the study was to investigate whether the relation between cybervictimization and depressive symptoms differed between sexual minority and heterosexual participants. The findings from this study demonstrate that older sexual minority individuals, particularly those who identify as homosexual, are at increased risk for cybervictimization. Also, current traditional victimization and cybervictimization interacted to predict depressive symptoms. The importance of current cybervictimization also was highlighted by the finding that the highest levels of depression were associated with high levels of current cybervictimization, with or without high levels of high school cybervictimization. Finally, the relation between cybervictimization and depressive symptoms did not differ significantly between sexual minority and heterosexual participants. This study examined pressing questions that were previously unanswered in the literature, and the implications for future research, cyberbullying interventions, and societal awareness are vast. This study should be used as a foundation for further investigation on both cyberbullying in late adolescence and cyberbullying among sexual minority individuals. Also, the findings from this study should be applied to the development of cyberbullying interventions for older adolescents with special consideration given to the applicability to the sexual minority population.