Os polinizadores prestam um importante serviço no resultado das colheitas e na conservação de ecossistemas. Estima-se que os valores gerados pelos seus serviços somem 200 bilhões de dólares ao ano. Entretanto, a FAO, braço das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura, indica um declínio significativo dos polinizadores, apontando para uma crise de polinização. As ações para a conservação e o uso sustentável dos polinizadores em resposta a esta crise, demandam um significativo suporte das Tecnologias da Informação em várias das suas atividades. Em particular, na integração de diferentes fontes e tipos de dados, que é decorrência da complexidade dos processos biológicos que se pretende entender e manejar, e da velocidade com que essas áreas evoluem. Devido às ações de resposta ao declínio dos polinizadores, a comunidade científica brasileira e internacional, que necessitam de mais acesso aos dados sobre biodiversidade, demandam um novo papel da Webbee, um sistema de informação sobre a biodiversidade brasileira em abelhas nativas. Ela deve incorporar os dados regionais e se integrar às redes de dados globais sobre biodiversidade como referência em informações sobre espécies e espécimes de abelhas nativas brasileiras, e de polinização por estas abelhas. Visando proporcionar uma fundamentação para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que atendam esses requisitos de integração e de interoperabilidade para a Webbee, é proposta uma arquitetura orientada a serviços que adota as ferramentas de padronização e de comunicação de dados sobre biodiversidade utilizados e mantidos por entidades internacionais, tais como GBIF, IABIN-PTN e TDWG. Dada a importância da interação para o processo de polinização, e devido à ausência de um padrão específico para a troca deste tipo de dado, um esquema conceitual de dados de interação entre espécimes foi desenvolvido em um processo iterativo com a participação da comunidade científica via TDWG. Este esquema é a base de um estudo de caso proposto para a realização de provas de conceito, sob a forma de uma ferramenta de digitalização, catalogação e publicação de dados sobre espécimes e interação entre eles. / Pollinators provide an important service in agriculture and the conservation of ecosystems. It is estimated that the values generated by their services reach 200 billion dollars a year. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations indicates a significant decline of pollinators, pointing to a \"crisis of pollination. The actions for the conservation and sustainable use of pollinators in response to this crisis demand significant support from Information Technology. Particularly, in the integration of diverse sources and type of data, that is a consequence of the complexity of the biological processes that one strives to understand and manage, and of the high speed at which area evolves. As a response to the pollinators decline, the international and Brazilian scientific communities, that need greater access to biodiversity data, demand a new role to Webbee, an information systems about the Brazilian biodiversity on native bees. It should incorporate regional data and integrate to global biodiversity data networks as a reference for information on species and specimens of Brazilian native bees, and pollination by those bees. Aiming to provide a foundation for the development of tools that meet these requirements of integration and interoperability of Webbee, it is proposed a service-oriented architecture based on tools and services for standardization and communication of biodiversity data used by international entities such as GBIF, IABIN-PTN and TDWG. Given the importance of interaction in the pollination process, and due to the absence of specific standards for the exchange of such data, a conceptual data schema about interaction between specimens was developed in an iterative process involving the scientific community via TDWG. This schema is the base of a case study proposed to conduct a proof of concept, in the form of a tool for digitization, cataloging and publishing data on specimens and interactions between them.

Os principais trabalhos existentes de identificação de serviços na Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços (Service Oriented Architecture - SOA) deixam claro a importância de alinhar os serviços com os processos de negócios e também a necessidade de torná-los mais reusáveis possível. Contudo, na prática, foi observado que os métodos existentes são complexos ou detalham pouco os passos para se alcançar tais objetivos. Neste contexto, o Método de Identificação de Serviços baseado em Linguagem de Padrões (MISLP) buscou identificar os serviços através de atividades padrão de processos de negócio de um determinado domínio. Estas atividades padrão foram detalhadas seguindo-se os princípios de SOA e utilizando-se os Padrões de Projeto SOA, os quais estabelecem os critérios para obtenção de serviços reusáveis. Foram definidos critérios para avaliar os serviços resultantes da aplicação do método, com os serviços definidos de forma ad-hoc no desenvolvimento de três sistemas reais. / The main existing works about services identification make clear the importance of aligning services with business processes and also the need to make them more reusable as possible. However, in practice, the existing methods are either complex or they provide low details about the steps to achieve these goals. In this context, the Pattern Language-based Method for Service Identification (PLMSI) sought to identify services through standard activities from business processes of a given domain. These standard activities were detailed according to the principles of Service Oriented Architecture (Service Oriented Architecture - SOA) and using SOA Design Patterns, which establish the criteria for obtaining reusable services. Criteria were defined to evaluate output services from the method, comparing with services defined on an ad-hoc development of three real systems.

O teste de software é reconhecido como uma importante atividade na garantia da qualidade de sistemas de software. Com o objetivo de dar apoio a essa atividade, uma diversidade de ferramentas de teste têm sido desenvolvida. Entretanto, grande parte dessas ferramentas é construída de forma isolada, possuindo arquiteturas e estruturas próprias, o que tem impactado negativamente a capacidade de integração e o reúso dessas ferramentas. Nesse contexto, esforços têm sido dedicados à disponibilização de ferramentas de teste orientadas a serviço, ou seja, ferramentas que são baseadas na SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). Em uma outra perspectiva, arquiteturas de referência têm desempenhado um importante papel no desenvolvimento de sistemas de software, uma vez que contém informações sobre como desenvolver sistemas para um determinado domínio de aplicação, buscando contribuir para o sucesso de sistemas desse domínio. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é o estabelecimento de uma arquitetura de referência orientada a serviço, denominada RefTEST-SOA (Reference Architecture for Software Testing Tools based on SOA), que agrega o conhecimento e a experiência de como organizar ferramentas de teste orientadas a serviço, visando também à integração, à escalabilidade e o reúso providos pela SOA. Para o estabelecimento dessa arquitetura, foi utilizado o ProSA-RA, um processo que sistematiza o projeto, representação e avaliação de arquiteturas de referência. Resultados alcançados no estudo de caso conduzido evidenciam que a RefTEST-SOA é uma arquitetura viável e reusável para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de teste orientadas a serviço / Software testing is considered as an important activity to ensure the quality of software systems. To support such activity, a diversity of testing tools have been developed. However, most of them have been separately built and have usually their particular structures and architectures, which has hindered the integration and reuse of these tools. In this context, efforts have been employed in order to provide service-oriented testing tools, i.e., tools that are based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). In another perspective, reference architectures have played an important role in the development of software systems, since they contain information about how to develop systems for a particular application domain, contributing to the success of systems in that domain. Thereby, our main objective is to establish a service-oriented reference architecture, named RefTEST-SOA (Reference Architecture for Software Testing Tools based on SOA), which aggregates the knowledge and experience about how to organize service-oriented testing tools, also aiming at integration, scalability and reuse provided by SOA. To establish this architecture, we have used ProSA-RA, a process that provides guidelines to the design, representation and evaluation of reference architectures. Results achieved by a conducted case study indicate that RefTEST-SOA is a viable and reusable architecture for developing service-oriented testing tools

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) represents an emerging architectural approach that is able to tackle challenges in the contemporary service-based economy, in which the global market revenues are shifting from the manufacture of traditional off-the-shelf products to the provision of diversified services that suffice for customers’ needs. In such a service-based economy, one can envisage an entirely “service-oriented” world, where a massive number of distributed services with different natures and capabilities are provided by various professionals around the world. Problems arise when business applications demand desirable services through different sources and providers that are appropriate for their own benefits and preferences. Therefore, it can be very challenging to design an SOA infrastructure that enables users to exploit this great level of service heterogeneity and quantity. One of the key issues in service-oriented architecture is to achieve efficient service discovery and loosely-coupled service distribution while maintaining a satisfactory degree of scalability, usability, and Web consistency. This thesis deals with SOA infrastructure-level design and implementation issues. It approaches this SOA infrastructure within the scope of Web services, which capture an important, and perhaps the best, ‘realisation’ of SOA. It investigates and formulates how public Web services distributed across the World Wide Web can be augmented by a software platform that enables scalable, user-centred,semantic-enabled, and integration-oriented service retrieval, selection, and matching. The primary goal of this thesis is thus to propose a conceptual framework of an enhanced SOA infrastructure with regard to service distribution and discovery. / It also aims to design and implement a platform (PWSP), by means of which a large number of public Web services on the Web can be distributed based on service demands, retrieved based on service descriptions, selected based on service qualities, and matched based on service messages in a user-centred, scalable, and Web-consistent manner without augmenting existing Web services standards.

Web services composition is emerging as a promising technology for the effective automation of application-to-application collaborations. The application integration problems have been subject of much research in the past years. However, with growth in importance of business process automation and highly dynamic nature of the Internet, this research has taken on a new significance and importance. Adequate solutions to this problem will be very important to make enterprise systems more flexible, robust and usable in the future. In this dissertation, we present a novel approach for the declarative definition and scalable orchestration of composite Web services in large, autonomous, heterogeneous, and dynamic environments. We first propose a composition model for composing Web services in a personalized and adaptive manner. We model composite Web services based on statecharts. To cater for large amounts of dynamic Web services, we use the concept of service community that groups services together and is responsible for the runtime selection of services against user's preferences. We use the concept of process schema that specific users can adjust with their personal preferences. A set of exception handling policies can be specified to proactively react to runtime exceptions. We then propose a tuple space based service orchestration model for distributed, self-managed composite services execution. We introduce the concept of execution controller that is associated with a service and is responsible for monitoring and controlling service executions. The knowledge required by a controller is statically extracted from the specification of personalized composite services. We also present techniques for robust Web services provisioning. The techniques presented in this dissertation are implemented in Self-Serv, a prototype that provides a set of tools for Web service composition and execution. Finally, we conduct an extensive usability and performance study of the proposed techniques. The experimental results reveal that our system i) provides an efficient support for specifying, deploying, and accessing composite services; ii) is more scalable and outperforms the centralized approach when the exchanged messages become bigger; and iii) is more robust and adaptive in highly dynamic environments.

No description available.

Reconfiguration dynamique des architectures orientées services

<p>För att dagens system och deras allt mer komplexa applikationer ska kunna integreras med</p><p>varandra krävs det att de kommunicerar via tjänster. Denna tjänsteorienterade integration</p><p>uppnås genom att man använder sig av Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) som bygger på</p><p>löst kopplade tjänster som kommunicerar med varandra på ett standardiserat sätt. En viktig</p><p>del i en integrationslösning är Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). I denna rapport kommer vi</p><p>förklara grunderna i tjänsteorienterad integration och sedan fördjupa oss i ESB. Då ESB är ett</p><p>luddigt begrepp ska vi på ett enkelt och lättbegripligt sätt ge vår syn på begreppet, samt dess</p><p>fördelar och nackdelar. Vi kommer även att ge marknadens syn på ESB genom en</p><p>enkätundersökning som innefattar både leverantörer, konsulter och kunder.</p> / <p>If today’s software systems and their complex applications shall be able to integrate with each</p><p>other, they have to communicate through services. This service oriented integration can be</p><p>accomplished by using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) where all components are</p><p>loosely coupled and communicate in a standardized way. An important part when building an</p><p>integrated solution is the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). In this report we will explain the</p><p>basics of SOA and take a more detailed look at the world of ESB. The concept of ESB is not</p><p>well defined and hence means different things to different people. We are going to present an</p><p>interpretation of the ESB and its benefits and disadvantages. To find out what the market</p><p>thinks about ESB we have been talking to producers, consultants and customers.</p>

L'intérêt va croissant parmi les communautés scientifiques pour le partage de données et d'applications qui facilitent les recherches et l'établissement de collaborations fructueuses. Les domaines interdisciplinaires tels que les neurosciences nécessitent particulièrement de disposer d'une puissance de calcul suffisante pour l'expérimentation à grande échelle. Malgré les progrès réalisés dans la mise en œuvre de telles infrastructures distribuées, de nombreux défis sur l'interopérabilité et le passage à l'échelle ne sont pas complètement résolus. L'évolution permanente des technologies, la complexité intrinsèque des environnements de production et leur faible fiabilité à l'exécution sont autant de facteurs pénalisants. Ce travail porte sur la modélisation et l'implantation d'un environnement orienté services qui permet l'exécution d'applications scientifiques sur des infrastructures de calcul distribué, exploitant leur capacité de calcul haut débit. Le modèle comprend une spécification de description d'interfaces en ligne de commande; un pont entre les architectures orientées services et le calcul globalisé; ainsi que l'utilisation efficace de ressources locales et distantes pour le passage à l'échelle. Une implantation de référence est réalisée pour démontrer la faisabilité de cette approche. Sa pertinence et illustrée dans le contexte de deux projets de recherche dirigés par des campagnes expérimentales de grande ampleur réalisées sur des ressources distribuées. L'environnement développé se substitue aux systèmes existants dont les préoccupations se concentrent souvent sur la seule exécution. Il permet la gestion de codes patrimoniaux en tant que services, prenant en compte leur cycle de vie entier. De plus, l'approche orientée services aide à la conception de flux de calcul scientifique qui sont utilisés en tant que moyen flexible pour décrire des applications composées de services multiples. L'approche proposée est évaluée à la fois qualitativement et quantitativement en utilisant des applications réelles en analyse de neuroimages. Les expériences qualitatives sont basées sur l'optimisation de la spécificité et la sensibilité des outils de segmentation du cerveau utilisés pour traiter des Image par Raisonnance Magnétique de patients atteints de sclérose en plaques. Les expériences quantitative traitent de l'accélération et de la latence mesurées pendant l'exécution d'études longitudinales portant sur la mesure d'atrophie cérébrale chez des patients affectés de la maladie d'Alzheimer.

Researchers in software engineering proposed design method for distributed applications to construct a set of communicating system components from a global behavior. The joint behaviors of these components must precisely satisfy the specified global behavior. The next concern is to transform the constructed models of these components into executable business processes by ensuring the exchange of asynchronous messages among the generated business processes. The introduction of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has helped to achieve this goal. SOA provides high flexibility in composing loosely-integrated services that can be used among business domains to carry out business transactions; this composition is known as service orchestration. Moreover, SOA supports Model Driven Architecture (MDA) such that services modeled as UML Activity Diagrams (AD) can be transformed into a set of Business Execution Language (BPEL) processes. Many researchers discussed the transformation of UML AD and the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) into BPEL. However, they did not discuss the practical limitations that some of these transformations impose. This thesis addresses the imitations of the transformation from UML AD to BPEL processes using the IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA). We showed here that the tool is unable to create the correct BPEL artifacts from UML AD components in certain cases, for instance when the behavior includes the alternative for receiving single or concurrent messages, a weak loop, or certain choice activities. Furthermore, we provided novel solutions to the transformations in these cases in order to facilitate the transformation from UML AD to BPEL.