M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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Spelling and vocabulary performance as measured by pre-tests and post-intervention performance for the two strategies showed that average overall improvements resulted from the use of kinesthetic teaching methodologies when compared with visual (only) methods.

Orientador: Lourenço [UNESP} Chacon / Resumo: A fim de responder de que maneira a aquisição da ortografia de consoantes nasais e líquidas sofreria influências de aspectos fonológicos da língua – especificamente da estrutura silábica – e da seriação escolar, propusemos dois objetivos: (1) verificar em que medida a acurácia ortográfica de consoantes soantes é dependente das posições que essas consoantes podem preencher na estrutura da sílaba e/ou do ano escolar; e (2) verificar em que medida os tipos de erros são dependentes dessas variáveis – posição silábica e ano escolar. Duas hipóteses nortearam o desenvolvimento desta investigação: (a) a de que a acurácia ortográfica seria influenciada pela posição silábica em que a consoante soante pode ser registrada e também pela seriação escolar; e (b) a de que os tipos de erros cometidos seriam também influenciados pela posição silábica e seriação escolar. Nossas hipóteses foram embasadas na organização hierárquica da sílaba (SELKIRK, 1982), bem como em parâmetros educacionais que regem a dinâmica do ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, analisamos produções textuais de crianças, com idades entre seis e oito anos, matriculadas em turmas do Ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública. Essas produções consistem em recontagens de quatro narrativas. Na análise dos dados, consideramos a relação entre: (a) acurácia ortográfica com posições estruturais da sílaba, ano escolar e posição de coda na palavra; e (b) omissões e substituições com posições... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In order to answer how the orthography acquisition of nasal and liquid consonants would be influenced by phonological aspects of language – specifically syllable structure – and school grade, we proposed two objectives: (1) to verify how the orthography accuracy of sonorant depends on the positions these consonants may fill in the syllable structure and/or the school year; (2) to verify how these kinds of errors depend on these variables – syllable position and school year. Our hypotheses were based on the syllable hierarchical organization (SELKIRK, 1982), as well as on educational parameters that govern the dynamics of cycle I of elementary school. For the development of this research, we have analyzed text compositions by six- to eight-year children enrolled in elementary school classes of a public school. These compositions consist of rewriting of four narratives. In the data analysis phase, we have considered the relationship between: (a) orthographic accuracy with structural positions of the syllable, school year and coda position in the word; and (b) omissions and replacement with structural positions of syllable, school year and coda position in the word. We have performed analyses for nasal consonant class and liquid consonant class independently. As a result we found: (a) for nasal consonants: success percentage higher than error percentage in all the syllable positions; effect of syllable position in orthographic accuracy, except for type of error; effect of school... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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In spite of the significant growth in the Spanish-English bilingual population, there has not been sufficient research on cross-language effects, or how language transfer may affect important components of literacy, such as spelling. Many studies have focused on the influence of Spanish on the acquisition of English spelling skills; however, few studies have focused on how the acquisition of English influences Spanish spelling. The purpose of this investigation was to study the spelling errors of bilingual adolescents as they learn English. A total of 20 bilingual Spanish-English students in grades 6 through 8 (ages 11 to 14 years) were selected from a larger mixed methods study (Danzak, 2009) not concerned with spelling. These students were enrolled in English as a Second Language (ESL) classes in a public middle school located on the west coast of Florida. The students completed four writing samples in each language (evenly divided between narrative and expository genres). All samples were analyzed using the Phonological Orthographic Morphological Assessment of Spelling-Spanish (POMAS-S), a linguistically-based analysis system that qualitatively describes Spanish spelling errors and is sensitive to effects of cross-language transfer. Misspellings were extracted from the students' writing samples and were examined by looking at the effects of linguistic category, genre, and gender. Results of the three-way ANOVA revealed that the greatest number of errors occurred in the orthographic category, accounting for over 70% of the errors. Errors attributed to the other linguistic categories occurred less than 10% of the time each. There were no effects attributed to genre or gender. The qualitative analysis revealed that the most common linguistic feature error was OAT (orthographic tonic accents) comprising 37% of the total number of errors followed by OLS (letter sound) errors, which comprised 11% of the total number of errors. All other phonological, orthographic, morphological, and phonological-orthographic linguistic feature patterns occurred with a frequency of 5% or less. Knowledge of the English language had a minimal, but obvious, influence on their spelling. These findings would suggest that Spanish-English bilingual adolescents predominantly made spelling errors that did not follow the orthographic rules of Spanish. Educational implications are presented.

1 Abstract This thesis deals with a handwritten manuscript from the turn of the 18th century called Cžerneg Honza a neb. w Starim zbořenim Zámku Raďiňie. Nad Plzencem Zaklený Kolomaznjk and which elaborates a myth about the Radyně castle from the Pilsen region in the short-story-form. The first part presents a transliterated edition of the text by preserving the original orthography. The second part of the thesis analyses the orthography of the manuscript by building upon the preceding section. It focuses on the structure of the text, punctuation, spelling of consonants and vowels and briefly mentions rare ways of writing proper nouns and the use of capital letters. The analysis situates the orthography of the manuscript into a certain time period and, in the end, it establishes whether the manuscript belongs to the printers' or the scribal orthography. Alternatively, it evaluates whether the written orthography tends to resemble the printers' orthography. In the third section, the transcribed edition of the manuscript is introduced, using the current orthography. This edition makes the text accessible to a broader circle of contemporary readers. Apart from the transcription rules and the list of emendations, the editorial apparatus also incorporates a vocabulary with words, which could possibly be...

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There is evidence of false recognition (FR) driven by orthographic similarities within languages (Lambert, Chang, & Lin, 2001; Raser, 1972) and some evidence that FR crosses languages (Parra, 2013). No study has investigated whether FR based on orthographic similarities occurs for unknown words in an unknown language. This study aimed to answer this question. It further explored whether FR based on orthographic similarities is more likely in a known (English) than in an unknown (Spanish) language. Forty-six English monolinguals participated. They studied 50 English and 50 Spanish words during a study phase. A recognition test was given immediately after the study phase. It consisted of 40 Spanish and 40 English words. It included list words (i.e., words presented at study); homographs (i.e., words not presented at study, orthographically similar to words presented at study); and unrelated words (i.e., words not presented at study, not orthographically similar to words presented at study). The LSD post-hoc test showed significant results supporting the hypothesis that false recognition based on orthographic similarities occurs for words in a known language (English) and in an unknown language (Spanish). Further evidence was provided by the LSD post-hoc test supporting the hypothesis that false recognition based on orthographic similarities was more likely to occur in a known language than an unknown language. Results provided evidence that the meaning and orthographic form are used when information is encoded thereby influencing recognition decisions. Furthermore, these results emphasize the significance of orthography when information is encoded and retrieved.

In 3 experiments, I investigated the role of verbal behavior development in reading and spelling sight words. I evaluated effects of different interventions for reading and spelling sight words and establishing the transformation of stimulus function across word reading and spelling. In Experiment 1, I evaluated the effects of 3 interventions on the acquisition and maintenance of sight words: single topography exemplar instruction (STEI), multiple topography exemplar instruction (MTEI), and MTEI with dictation (MTEI-D). The STEI intervention consisted of reading individual sight words. The MTEI intervention consisted of reading, pointing-to, and intraverbally responding to sight words. The MTEI-D intervention consisted of reading, pointing-to, and writing dictation responses for sight words. I measured the acquisition and maintenance of sight words through 5 response topographies: textual, intraverbal, point-to, sentence generalization, and dictation responses. The results indicated that participants acquired and maintained textual, intraverbal, point-to, and sentence generalization responses across all 3 conditions but only acquired dictation responses in the MTEI-D condition. The results from the MTEI-D condition suggest that the rotation of textual and dictation responses may have established transformation of stimulus function (TSF) across word reading and spelling. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of multiple exemplar instruction (MEI) across word reading and spelling on establishing TSF across word reading and spelling. The results from Experiment 2 indicated that the MEI intervention was not effective in establishing TSF across word reading and spelling for all participants. However, the results highlighted the need to further evaluate the role of other cusps such as, incidental bidirectional naming (Inc-BiN) and conditioned seeing, in strengthening the stimulus control for establishing TSF across word reading and spelling. In Experiment 3, I evaluated the effects of a MEI intervention across delayed textual and delayed transcription responses on establishing TSF across word reading and spelling. The results demonstrated that MEI across delayed textual and transcription responses was effective in establishing TSF across word reading and spelling for all participants. The results also demonstrated that all participants increased in their correct responding for conditioned seeing probes. Keywords: sight words, transformation of stimulus function, incidental bidirectional naming, conditioned seeing, word reading, spelling