The purpose of the study is to examine how retailing trough brand owned outlet stores effectsthe fashion brand. The problem that the essay is aimed to solve is how the fashion brand isinfluenced by selling through outlets and what opportunities and risks it has on the brand. Thestudy has been carried out by qualitative methods using interviews to answer the questionformulation. Three empirical perspectives have been chosen; an expert-, business- andconsumer perspective which have been linked up with three applicable theories. The fashionbrand Acne and its two stores; the flagship store and the outlet store have been chosen as acase study. This perspective and the two other have had the function to support generalconclusions taken. The study showed that in a short term, selling through outlet stores doesn’taffect the fashion brand in a negative way. Instead the result demonstrated that the brandcould benefit from this kind of business if it is correctly handled. The opportunities thatoutlets provide are an expansion of brand knowledge in the market. The excess of inventoriescan be sold through a channel which the company can control. The most significant risk liesin the re-positioning of the brand that outlet retailing in a large extent can bring. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

Despite the minimum legal drinking age of 21, many underage persons regularly purchase alcohol from licensed alcohol establishments. The purpose of this study was to determine the establishment, geographic, and community economic and demographic characteristics that are associated with illegal sales of alcohol to underage persons in Georgia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors that were associated with illegal sales of alcohol to underage persons of Georgia. Statistical adjustments were made for ownership type (e.g., corporate owned), region (e.g., southeast Georgia, metro-Atlanta), rural vs. urban area, and many community economic and demographic variables (e.g., unemployment rate, minority populations). Overall, underage subjects attempted to purchase alcohol in 2949 off-premise establishments from July of 2007 to June of 2008. Compared to corporate-owned establishments, institutions not owned by corporations were associated with increased odds of alcohol sale to underage persons, adjusting for other independent variables. Establishments that are located in counties with a high density of alcohol outlets were much more likely to sell alcohol to underage persons. To reduce underage drinking in Georgia, beverage law enforcement should increase monitoring of non-corporate owned establishments and areas with a high density of alcohol outlets. Overall, responsible beverage service training of both corporate and non-corporate employees may help in reducing alcohol sales to underage persons in Georgia.

Introduction: Adolescents in the United States use alcohol more than any other substance, including tobacco and marijuana. Continuing alcohol misuse has numerous adverse health effects and is linked to liver disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurological damage. Furthermore, alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for unsafe sexual behaviors, unintentional injuries, physical and sexual assaults, various types of illegal activities, and suicide (USDHHS, 2007). Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the individual social indicators from 4 categories that have been identified within the literature as being particularly associated with alcohol consumption in general, and underage alcohol consumption in particular. The categories used were: drinking consequences, urbanicity, poverty, and alcohol outlet density. The social indicators in these categories will be compared in the 10 most-at-risk counties (MAR) and the 10 least-at-risk counties (LAR), and the 20 MAR counties and the 20 LAR counties, as they relate to underage alcohol consumption. Methods: The counties were identified in and data was obtained from Governor’s Cooperative Agreement State Incentive Planning and Development Grant: Social Indicator Study to Assess Substance Use Prevention Needs at the State and County Levels in Georgia. An independent 2-tailed t-test was conducted to compare the means of groups in both the 10 MAR/LAR counties and the 20 MAR/LAR counties. Results: Significant differences were observed in all of the individual indicators in the poverty and alcohol outlet density categories for both the 10 MAR/LAR counties and the 20 MAR/LAR counties. Discussion: There needs to be a more accurate, specific and efficient methods of data surveillance concerning underage drinking behavior. Further research should focus on urbanicity, poverty, and alcohol outlet density as they relate to underage alcohol consumption. There were differences observed between the MAR and LAR counties in all of the poverty alcohol outlet density indicators, and researchers and policy makers should pay special attention to these two areas when designing further research and prevention policies.

No description available.

Veränderte Randbedingungen erfordern modifizierte Betriebsregeln. Während die güteorientierte Bewirtschaftung von Stauräumen in der Vergangenheit hauptsächlich bei der langfristigen Bewirtschaftung eine Rolle spielte, gewinnt sie in jüngerer Zeit immer mehr auch bei der kurzfristigen Abflusssteuerung als Vorentlastung und während der Hochwasserereignisse an Bedeutung. Dabei soll vor allem die Entlastung aus Horizonten mit geringerer Wasserqualität ermöglicht werden. Gleichzeitig kann es notwendig werden, im Hochwasserfall insgesamt mehr vorzuentlasten und die Entnahmeeinrichtungen mit einzubeziehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den diesbezüglichen Möglichkeiten bei Nutzung vorhandener Entnahmeeinrichtungen und den Anforderungen an bauliche Ergänzungen. Es werden Grundsätze für die Planung, die Berechnung, den Betrieb und die Überwachung sowie Beispiele aus hydraulischer Sicht besprochen.

L’augmentation globale de la démographie couplée à une amélioration du niveau de vie conduit à l’augmentation de la pression anthropique pesant sur les ressources en eau. Cette pression passe entre autre par une consommation et donc un rejet de multiples molécules organiques, parmi lesquelles les pesticides représentent des contaminants emblématiques. Longtemps utilisés en agriculture afin d’en augmenter la productivité, ces substances sont aujourd’hui utilisées également de façon importante dans notre quotidien (traitements vétérinaires, protection des matériaux de construction, peintures, papier, textiles, etc.). Cela conduit à identifier les rejets urbains comme des vecteurs de pesticides au travers des effluents de station de traitement des eaux usées ou des effluents d’exutoires pluviaux, qui viennent s’ajouter aux apports induits par l’agriculture. Cette multiplicité de sources couplée à une toxicité intrinsèque avérée en font des molécules à fort enjeu environnemental dont il est essentiel de hiérarchiser les apports afin de pouvoir mettre en place des mesures de réduction.Dans ce cadre, un continuum péri-urbain situé sur la Métropole de Bordeaux (France) a permis de mettre en évidence des profils de contamination différents entre les eaux naturelles, les effluents urbains et les exutoires pluviaux, tant sur l’aspect qualitatif que sur l’aspect quantitatif. Si les eaux de surface sont principalement quantitativement marquées par des phytopharmaceutiques (métolachlore, glyphosate), les molécules identifiées comme potentiellement impactantes (en termes d’effets potentiels) proviennent d’avantage d’effluents urbains (fipronil, imidaclopride). En effet, les stations de traitement des eaux usées sont identifiées comme d’importants vecteurs en biocides et antiparasitaires à usages vétérinaires en raison de leur faible capacité de traitement vis-à-vis de ces contaminants. Toutefois, ces effluents ne sont que le reflet des utilisations en amont du réseau. L’investigation de ce dernier a conduit à identifier les usages domestiques comme responsables de l’introduction de certaines molécules préoccupantes tels les antiparasitaires à usages vétérinaires (fipronil et imidaclopride). En parallèle, bien que non majoritaires en ce qui concerne les apports en pesticides, les exutoires pluviaux ne sont toutefois pas négligeables et apportent en quantités conséquentes des biocides de protection (comme la carbendazime, le diuron, le propiconazole ou la terbutryne) de par le lessivage de surfaces traitées en zones urbaines. Le cas du glyphosate semble complexe puisque aucune des voie d’apport n’est clairement identifiée comme majoritaire. L’apport est très global, probablement du fait de sa multiplicité d’usages, tant en agriculture que par certains professionnels ou par les particuliers.L’échantillonnage passif par les POCIS (Polar Organic Chemicals Integrative Sampler) a été appliqué avec succès afin de calculer des flux plus précis dans les eaux de surfaces, permettant ainsi une identification plus fine des sources majoritaires. Cet outil montre toutefois ses limites en ce qui concerne le suivi d’échantillons complexes telles que les eaux brutes, en présentant des cinétiques d’accumulation trop courtes pour permettre un suivi quantitatif du réseau d’assainissement sur de longues périodes. Ces observations ont été confirmées à l’occasion de calibrations in-situ en rivière et en entrée de station de traitement des eaux usées et qui ont donné lieu au développement de nouveaux outils. Les mini-POCIS et les POCIS-T, plus légers et plus petits ont été calibrés à la fois en laboratoire et en station de traitement des eaux usées. Ils se sont révélés plus adaptés que la forme classique pour suivre la contamination des eaux usées car ils permettent d’augmenter la durée du suivi. Ils représentent une alternative intéressante pour le suivi du réseau d’assainissement. / Global demographic increase coupled with standard of living increase drive water resources’ anthropic pressure. This phenomenon is linked with consumption habits and with chemicals dispersion in environment. Pesticides are part of the most concerning contaminants. They were firstly used to enhance agricultural productivity but nowadays these chemicals are used for our daily life needs (in building materials, veterinary treatments, papers, textile products, paints, etc.) and so urban effluents such as storm sewer or wastewater treatment plant effluents are identified as important vectors of pesticides which are added to agricultural inputs. The diversity of sources coupled to an intrinsic toxicity highlight pesticides as environmental concerning compounds and their sources have to be clearly identified and classified to consider source reduction actions.The study of an urban continuum in Bordeaux Metropolis (France) highlighted qualitative and quantitative differences in contamination profiles between river water, storm sewers and wastewater treatment plant effluents. River waters are contaminated with phytopharmaceuticals (metolachlor, glyphosate) but molecules of high ecotoxicological concern (fipronil, imidacloprid) are mostly brought by wastewater treatment plants. These structures are indeed not built for micropollutant treatment and biocides provided by wastewaters are discharged in surface water. Urban effluents reflect uses of wastewater network by private consumers and industries. Advanced investigations in the wastewater network allowed identifying them as providers of veterinary molecules such as fipronil and imidacloprid. In parallel, monitoring of rain effluents allowed to identify storm sewers as less important sources of pesticides that wastewaters but they have to be considered for some molecules. Indeed, they can locally increase contamination in natural water around the discharge site especially concerning biocides (carbendazime, diuron, propiconazole, terbutryne) because of runoff waters over treated surfaces. Case of glyphosate is much more complex because this molecule was found in every compartment and seemed to be introduced massively both by agriculture and urban effluents in link with its use by farmers but also private consumers and some professionals.Passive sampling of water resources with POCIS (Polar Organic Chemicals Integrative Sampler) was successfully applied, allowing to quantify pesticides at trace levels and to calculate precise fluxes leading to the confirmation of previous results. However, the usefulness of this tool is limited in the case of wastewater monitoring. Uptake kinetics are too rapid to allow a quantitative characterisation of raw wastewaters over long period of deployment. These observations were confirmed with the comparison of in-situ calibration performed both in river and in effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and leaded to the development of new version of POCIS. Mini-POCIS and POCIS-T (lighter and smaller than original ones) were calibrated both in laboratory and in real conditions. They are more adapted than classical devices to wastewater sampling allowing covering a much longer period of monitoring.

The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the quality of the water after flow through the ponds with conventional (Blatensko, Czech Republic) and organic (Waldviertel, Austria) technologies using the colonization of artificial substrates by macrozoobenthos (MZB) to asses the differences in the influence of different managements of pond farming (organic vs. traditional) on water quality. Samplings were performed in monthly intervals (AprilSeptember 2016) at nine inflow and outflow profiles of four ponds. Samples of MZB were processed in the laboratory. Evaluation of MZB was supplemented by in-situ monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The resulting values of saprobic index (SI) match the water quality in outlets in the range valid for the beta to alpha mesosabrobity (SI 2.302.62). In the inlets to the Skaličný and Haslauerteich ponds, where the SI value corresponded the betamesosabrobity (SI 2.482.49), the discharged water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) deteriorated to the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.54 2.62). On the contrary, in the inlet to the Gebhartsteich pond, where the value SI matched the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.57), water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly improved (SI 2.54), but the degree of saprobity has not changed. Similarly, in the inlet to the Pančár pond, where the SI value matched betamesosabrobity (SI 2.30), the outlet water quality was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly deteriorated (SI 2.33), however again the degree of saprobity remained unchanged. Water quality changes after the flow through the investigated ponds resulted in the increase of the diversity index (H´) and vice versa (the worse water quality the lower H´). According to the analysis of the data of environmental conditions in organic and conventional carp ponds, they did not differ significantly. Also the species richness and the total number of individuals were not significantly different. The results of this diploma thesis demonstrated that the applied organic technologies of fish culture in monitored ponds did not have any significant impact (improvement) on the quality of aquatic environment and the composition of macrozoobenthos in the recipients of farm outflows, and also that no significant differences (deterioration) can be documented in the outflows from conventional ponds compared to the organic pond farming management.

The main objective of the thesis is to deal with business strategy of a small company operating on retail trade market. First of all, retail trade as such is defined and its classification according to Czech Statistical Office is presented. In addition to this, important economic indicators of big vs. small retail enterprises in Czech Republic are confronted. The thesis also describes retail companies' business structure and lists examples of the biggest retail vendors and alliances on the Czech market. The other part of the thesis is concerned particularly with such companies and alliances, focusing on their business strategy. Finally, in the main part of the thesis, the strategy of big companies and alliances is faced with a strategy of a small retail outlet, which forms part of the international retail chain called SPAR. Basic facts about this retail outlet and description of its business strategy are completed by a research regarding the customers' satisfaction with the outlet.

This thesis includes the theoretical part explaining problematic of centrifugal pumps, Y(Q) characteristics of these centrifugal pumps and stability of these characteristics, ways and conditions for stabilisation and adaptations heading to stabilisation.

The thesis deals with issues of noise ventilation outlets in a passenger car. There is a description of the noise reduction in the acoustic background, optimizing experimental measurement methodology and familiarization with measuring equipment. The next step includes measuring of individual outlet options, results post-processing and comparison of tested alternatives. Based on these results the best variants are chosen and measures for decreasing noise in the ventilation outlets are proposed.