In this paper we examine contractual and non-contractual obligations in situations involving a conflict of law. The special emphasis is given to overriding mandatory rules, the importance and impacts of these rules of law on civil and commercial relations with international element. This thesis is composed of four parts and each of them is subdivided into further sections and paragraphs. In the first part, we introduce the general theory as theoretical base of the subject and we define the key terms. The question concerning the role of Czech courts in the application of foreign law is also mentioned. Subsequently, we analyze national Czech legislation and we focus on the relevant provisions contained in the draft of new Private International Law Act. By becoming Member State of the European Union in 2004, Czech Republic undertook to accede to the 1980 Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations. Second chapter is dedicated to this international treaty which has clarified the concept of "mandatory rules" but has also given rise to some qualification problems. We discuss the relationship between overriding mandatory rules and protective mandatory rules (particularly rules of consumer and labour law) and present the main approaches to this problem. Rome I and Rome II regulations...

Peremptory rules in international business transactions The topic of this diploma thesis covers the issue of peremptory or rather overriding mandatory rules in international business transactions. Overriding mandatory rules are rules which shall apply despite the choice of law made by the parties of the contract. These rules, which are usually of a public nature, serve to implement some crucial public interests and may have important impacts on business relationships. The objective of this thesis is to, firstly, characterize overriding mandatory rules and secondly, to analyze the system of regulation of foreign trade with certain specific kinds of goods, where these rules are typically to be found. This thesis is divided into 12 chapters and also includes a general introduction and a final conclusion. The first chapters aim to provide a complex definition of overriding mandatory rules including one on what distinguishes these rules from public policy. The process of application of these rules based on their origin is examined in detail. The closest attention is given to the process of applying these rules when they are part of the law of a third country. The following chapters then focus on an area of law of which the use of overriding mandatory rules is characteristic., i.e. the regulation of...

Le droit international privé français des contrats est très avancé, la richesse de la jurisprudence et la doctrine font une bonne preuve de l’évolution du droit français en la matière. Ses conceptions sont répandues et admises par d’autres États, européens en premier lieu, puis dans le monde entier. Le système de droit français et celui de droit communautaire sont complémentaires l’un et l’autre. Pour cette raison l’étude de droit international privé français ne peut plus être restreinte uniquement dans le cadre de droit international commun. Dés lors le droit international privé communautaire devrait aussifaire l’objet de cette étude. Quant au droit international privé des contrats thaïlandais, il est en cours de développement et a besoin de grande réformation urgent pour la coopération juridique dans l’ASEAN. L’étude comparative en cette matière permettrait donc de trouver la bonne solution et d’apprendre l’application de règles conflictuelles ainsi que d’autres mécanismes du droit international privé pour régler les problèmes dans l’ordre juridique thaï. Donc les questions de la loi applicable et le règlement des différends font l’objet principal de cette étude. / The French system of Private International Law of Contract is highly developed, evidenced by a rich jurisprudence and doctrinal system. One of the leaders in the field, many of their legal concepts were widely accepted and adopted by other legal systems, first by European countries and then worldwide. However, because of their complementary and intertwined nature for each other, the French legal system cannot be studied apart from the European system. For this reason, this study covers not only an in depth examination of French Private International Law but also a general look at European Private International Law. The Thai system of Private International Law of Contracts, in comparison, is developing and needs significant legal reform, as soon as possible, in order to cooperate with other contracting States in ASEAN. Thus, this comparative study responds to the needs, and shows how to correctly apply the conflict of laws’ rules, including their exceptions, which could solve many problems occurring in the Thai legal system. Therefore questions on the applicable laws of contract and the settlement of disputes which derive from international contract law are objects of this study.

Le droit international privé, tel qu’il résulte des droits nationaux et du droit de l’Unioneuropéenne, accorde une attention particulière aux systèmes juridiques étrangers. L’application de la loiétrangère constitue l’expression de l’importance reconnue aux systèmes juridiques étrangers, mais appliquerune loi qui est extérieure au système juridique du for peut provoquer, du fait de sa différence, des réactionsdéfensives. L’application de la loi étrangère se trouve ainsi confrontée à différents obstacles qui tendent àgarantir une application prioritaire de la lex fori. D’une part, les techniques employées par le systèmejuridique du for pour appliquer la loi étrangère ne lui sont pas favorables, comme en témoigne l’interventionrécurrente de l’exception d’ordre public international. D’autre part, des éléments exogènes au systèmejuridique du for, comme la compréhension différente d’une même institution juridique, peuvent égalementfaire échec à l’application de la loi étrangère. Il existe ainsi un décalage entre la lettre des règles de droitinternational privé du for, qui permettrait d’envisager une application fréquente de la loi étrangère et l’usagequi en est fait par les autorités du système juridique du for, qui mène souvent à sa neutralisation. Cette étudedéfend un meilleur respect de la lettre des règles relatives à l’application de la loi étrangère, qui aurait poureffet de promouvoir ce type d’application. Dans cette perspective, le droit international privé de l’Unioneuropéenne fournit d’importants enseignements, dans la mesure où il dynamise l’application de la loiétrangère appartenant à d’autres Etats membres. / The national or the European private international law is taking into a particular accountthe foreign legal systems. The foreign law application is an expression of the attention given to the foreignlegal systems, but applying a law that belongs to a different legal system than the legal system of the forumcountry may provoke a defence reaction caused by the existing differences between the legal systemsinvolved. The foreign law application is therefore confronted to different obstacles that tend to ensure aprimary application of the lex fori. First, the techniques used by the legal system of the forum country toapply the foreign law are not entirely favourable to this kind of application, as evidenced by the recurrentintervention of the international public policy. Furthermore, there are elements that are exogenous to thelegal system of the forum country, such as different understandings of the same legal institution that canobstruct the foreign law application. There is thus a gap between the theory of the private internationalrules, which would appeal a frequent application of the foreign law, and the use that is made of them by theauthorities of the forum country, which often leads to the neutralization of the foreign law. This studydefends a better compliance to the theory of private international law, which would promote the applicationof the foreign law. In this perspective, the private international law of the European Union provides animportant source of « savoir-faire » as it promotes the application of a foreign law belonging to anotherMember States.

Die Arbeit setzt sich mit dem neuen europäischen Anknüpfungskonzept für ausländisches Eingriffsrecht in der Rom I-VO auseinander. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht die politisch motivierte und restriktiv ausgefallene Regelung des Art. 9 Abs. 3 Rom I-VO. Zudem widmet sich ein Teil der Untersuchung allgemein der hinter dem Eingriffsrecht – insbesondere dem Konzept des ausländischen Eingriffsrechts im IPR – stehenden Dogmatik, die aus einer dogmatisch-historischen Perspektive beleuchtet wird. Schwerpunktmäßig gilt es der Frage nachzugehen, welche Überlegungen hinter der neuen Kollisionsnorm stehen und ob die Sonderanknüpfung des Art. 9 Abs. 3 Rom I-VO einen dogmatisch geeigneten, mit der Zielsetzung der Rom I-VO vereinbaren rechtlichen Rahmen für die einheitliche kollisionsrechtliche Berufung der berücksichtigungswürdigen ausländischen Eingriffsnormen in den Mitgliedstaaten schafft. / The thesis examines the European concept of the newly defined connecting factor for foreign overriding mandatory rules in the Rome I Regulation. The central attention of the study is the analysis of the politically motivated and restrictive regulation of Art. 9 (3) of the Rome I Regulation. In addition, the first part of the study is dedicated to the examination of the general approach behind the application of foreign overriding mandatory rules in private international law from a dogmatic-historical perspective. The main focus of the thesis, however, is on the research of the considerations behind the new conflict of laws rule. The author specifically questions whether the new connecting factor defined in the Art. 9 (3) Rome I Regulation provides a worthy and sufficient legal framework for the application of foreign overriding mandatory rules.