Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1982.

Objetive: To evaluate if the 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is likely to lead to increase risk of thromboembolic neurological complications and that these complications will increase length of mechanical ventilation and length of stay.Design: Prospective, case-control study. Setting: A 14 bed surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital.Patients: 260 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and 111 controls were enrolled.Interventions: DNA was isolated and 4G/5G polymorphism was typed using RFLP methodology. Measurements and results: Genetic analysis revealed 4G/5G in 131 patients (50.4%), 5G/5G genotype in 82 (31.5%), and 4G/4G in only 47 (18.1%). Prevalence of neurological complications was 20.8% (n= 54) [stroke 5.4% (n= 14) and encephalopathy 15.4% (n= 40)]. A two-fold increase in stroke (8.5% vs 4.7%; RR 1.9, 95% CI 0.7 to 6.3) and encephalopathy (27.7% vs 12.7%; RR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6) was documented in 4G/4G carriers. Multivariate analysis showed that development of stroke or encephalopathy was independently associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR 20, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6) and that neurological complication (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5) and 4G/4G genotype (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.5) were independently associated with prolonged hospital length of stay ≥ 2 weeks. Conclusions: The 4G/4G genotype could increase the risk of thromboembolic neurological complications after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass. The neurological complications resulted in longer time on ventilator and longer hospital stay. / A consecuencia del carácter poligénico de las patologías que nos ocupan hace poco probable que un solo polimorfismo pueda explicar todas las complicaciones postoperatorias. Sin embargo, debemos subrayar que esta variación genética pudiera ser un factor de riesgo más que sumado a los ya referidos hiciera más probable la aparición de complicaciones neurológicas. A través del desarrollo de este tipo de complicaciones pudiera explicarse coherentemente que los pacientes estuvieran más tiempo bajo ventilación mecánica y fueran dados de alta más tardíamente del hospital. En definitiva, si futuros estudios confirmasen los presentes hallazgos, y los pacientes homocigotos 4G/4G (junto otros polimorfismos que puedan describirse en el futuro) pudieran considerarse de alto riesgo, la evaluación de estas variables genéticas podrían identificar precozmente pacientes en los cuales realizar una investigación preoperatorio más exhaustiva y considerar, cuando sea posible, la realización de técnicas quirúrgicas alternativas además de añadir información individual sobre el riesgo quirúrgico. Por tanto, nuestro estudio, además de aportar otra variable en el puzzle de etiopatogenia de las complicaciones neurológicas en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca sugiere la consideración de de factores genéticos como marcadores o estratificadores de riesgo perioperatorio.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased significantly in the black South African population in recent years. Early in the development of CVD, atherosclerotic plaques form in the vessel wall. When this plaque becomes unstable and ruptures, the coagulation cascade is activated and a blood clot forms. The function of this clot is to stop bleeding. However, it cannot remain in the vasculature indefinitely and has to be lysed again. The ability of the body to lyse clots can be measured with global fibrinolytic potential (GFP) assays and expressed as lysis time. Increased clot lysis time (CLT) has been shown to be significantly associated with various CVD risk factors and CVD events in Caucasian populations while very little information is available for other ethnicities. In this study we investigated plasma GFP and its relation to CVD risk factors in a large black African population. We also determined the effect of three polymorphisms in the promoter area of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene on PAI-1act (activity) levels (a main determinant of CLT) and CLT, together with gene-environment interactions and the effect of urbanisation on these interactions. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Apparently healthy men and women between the ages of 35 and 65 years were recruited to take part in the South African arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Approximately 1000 rural and 1000 urban black African individuals participated. Data and samples were collected during a 12-week collection period in 2005 for cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS Increased PAI-1act levels, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, fibrinogen concentration, C-reactive protein, female sex, positive HIV-status and the metabolic syndrome were all associated with prolonged CLTs, while increased habitual alcohol consumption was associated with shorter iv CLTs. Urban-rural differences for CLT existed in women only. This is likely due to the larger extent of rural-urban differences in other CVD risk factors observed in women compared to what was observed in men. Of the CVD risk factors measured, PAI-1 explained the largest proportion of the variance in CLT (27%). Owing to the important role PAI-1act plays in CLT, we investigated three polymorphisms in the PAI-1 gene promoter area (the 4G/5G polymorphism, the novel SNP C428T and SNP G429A (previously identified)), and the influence of these polymorphisms on PAI-1act levels and CLT. The frequency of the 5G allele was high (0.85) in comparison with previously reported literature. PAI-1act increased significantly across genotypes in the urban (5G/5G: 3.84 U/ml; 4G/5G: 4.85 U/ml; 4G/4G: 5.96 U/ml p=0.009) but not the rural subgroup, while CLT did not differ. We found significant interactions between the 4G/5G polymorphism and BMI, waist circumference and triglycerides in determining PAI-1act, and between the 4G/5G polymorphism and fibrinogen and fibrinogen gamma prime in determining CLT. Direct relationships with PAI-1act or CLT were not found for the C428T and G429A polymorphisms; they did, however, influence associations of other environmental factors with PAI-1act and CLT. Several of these interactions differed significantly between rural and urban subgroups, particularly in individuals harbouring the mutant alleles. CONCLUSION CLT associated with many of the same CVD risk factors described in the literature for Caucasian populations, but also with other risk factors. Rural-urban differences in CLT are dependent on the association of CLT with other CVD risk factors in the rural-urban setting. Genetic polymorphisms of the PAI-1 gene did not directly influence CLT, despite influencing PAI-1act. The main contributor to PAI-1act variance, however, was (central) obesity. The effect of the 4G/5G polymorphism on PAI-1act, as well as gene–environment interactions for the C428T and G429A genotypes in determining PAI-1act and CLT, were significantly influenced by urbanisation. / Thesis (PhD (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased significantly in the black South African population in recent years. Early in the development of CVD, atherosclerotic plaques form in the vessel wall. When this plaque becomes unstable and ruptures, the coagulation cascade is activated and a blood clot forms. The function of this clot is to stop bleeding. However, it cannot remain in the vasculature indefinitely and has to be lysed again. The ability of the body to lyse clots can be measured with global fibrinolytic potential (GFP) assays and expressed as lysis time. Increased clot lysis time (CLT) has been shown to be significantly associated with various CVD risk factors and CVD events in Caucasian populations while very little information is available for other ethnicities. In this study we investigated plasma GFP and its relation to CVD risk factors in a large black African population. We also determined the effect of three polymorphisms in the promoter area of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene on PAI-1act (activity) levels (a main determinant of CLT) and CLT, together with gene-environment interactions and the effect of urbanisation on these interactions. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Apparently healthy men and women between the ages of 35 and 65 years were recruited to take part in the South African arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Approximately 1000 rural and 1000 urban black African individuals participated. Data and samples were collected during a 12-week collection period in 2005 for cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS Increased PAI-1act levels, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, fibrinogen concentration, C-reactive protein, female sex, positive HIV-status and the metabolic syndrome were all associated with prolonged CLTs, while increased habitual alcohol consumption was associated with shorter iv CLTs. Urban-rural differences for CLT existed in women only. This is likely due to the larger extent of rural-urban differences in other CVD risk factors observed in women compared to what was observed in men. Of the CVD risk factors measured, PAI-1 explained the largest proportion of the variance in CLT (27%). Owing to the important role PAI-1act plays in CLT, we investigated three polymorphisms in the PAI-1 gene promoter area (the 4G/5G polymorphism, the novel SNP C428T and SNP G429A (previously identified)), and the influence of these polymorphisms on PAI-1act levels and CLT. The frequency of the 5G allele was high (0.85) in comparison with previously reported literature. PAI-1act increased significantly across genotypes in the urban (5G/5G: 3.84 U/ml; 4G/5G: 4.85 U/ml; 4G/4G: 5.96 U/ml p=0.009) but not the rural subgroup, while CLT did not differ. We found significant interactions between the 4G/5G polymorphism and BMI, waist circumference and triglycerides in determining PAI-1act, and between the 4G/5G polymorphism and fibrinogen and fibrinogen gamma prime in determining CLT. Direct relationships with PAI-1act or CLT were not found for the C428T and G429A polymorphisms; they did, however, influence associations of other environmental factors with PAI-1act and CLT. Several of these interactions differed significantly between rural and urban subgroups, particularly in individuals harbouring the mutant alleles. CONCLUSION CLT associated with many of the same CVD risk factors described in the literature for Caucasian populations, but also with other risk factors. Rural-urban differences in CLT are dependent on the association of CLT with other CVD risk factors in the rural-urban setting. Genetic polymorphisms of the PAI-1 gene did not directly influence CLT, despite influencing PAI-1act. The main contributor to PAI-1act variance, however, was (central) obesity. The effect of the 4G/5G polymorphism on PAI-1act, as well as gene–environment interactions for the C428T and G429A genotypes in determining PAI-1act and CLT, were significantly influenced by urbanisation. / Thesis (PhD (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Summary: In order that one may approach the main theme of this thesis, the massacre at Poverty Bay, the events leading there to, and the effects thereof, some slight knowledge is required of the general situation in New Zealand in the years immediately preceding. The writer considers that no apology is needed for introducing into a work that has for its title "The Poverty Bay Massacre of 1868", such apparently unrelated topics as the campaigns of 1845 to 1868 and the cult of Pai-Marire. In any historical review, cause and effect are so closely related that it is difficult, when choosing a particular field of research, to decide how much to include and, more important, how much to discard. The Maori Wars in the Waikato and Taranaki districts spread through the whole of the North Island and in time to the East Coast. Here they were intensified by the blend of Christianity and savage barbarity that is known as Pai-Marire or Hauhauism. It was during this campaign on the Coast that Te Kooti Rikirangi first came into political prominence. A study of Hauhauism is interesting in itself; reviewed in connection with the central figure of this thesis, Te Kooti, it acquires new significance. It is doubtful how far he was sincere in the religious ritual he instituted, itself a modification, and an adaptation of the old Pai-Marire cult, but out of it he fashioned a powerful weapon against the Pakeha. Perhaps it deserves a place as a psychological study of the influence of community worship in a mysterious and militant ritual upon the religious emotionalism of any sect and when, as here, that sect was composed of semi-civilised or wholly savage Maoris at a critical period in the history of their race, it was inevitable that it should issue in action. This thesis represents an attempt at more than merely collecting loose threads about the massacre into one narrative. It has been the writer�s aim to place the massacre in its right setting in the history of New Zealand, and thus to show its significance. The method chosen has been that of grouping the events round one central figure, that of the perpetrator of the massacre, and the first four chapters therefore are incidental though necessary. The history of this man continues long after 1868, the date of the massacre and a small section has been added to cover the period 1868 to 1893, the year of his death on the plea that though irrelevant to the subject of the thesis it gives a rounded effect that might otherwise be lacking--Introduction.

Thesis (M. Sc.(Urb. Plan.))--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 190-196).

Mestre -- Universidade de Sao Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Sociologia, Sao Paulo, 2000.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JovankaC.pdf: 271183 bytes, checksum: 0f2973d702dd48c706f0e6138c47ec27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Qualitative study on the meaning of a child s birth to the father. Its general purpose was to comprehend the significance the man attaches to his child s birth and its specific objectives were to identify the man s feelings with regard to his child s birth as well as to verify his attitude toward a child s birth. The study was founded on the theoretical reference system about the man in the gravid-puerperal cycle and the humanization of the assistance. The data were obtained through semistructured interview performed with men accompanying their children s birth whose wives were in the immediate puerperium. This stage occurred in two maternity hospitals in Natal-RN, both of which adopt the principle of safe notherhood in the attendance of women in the process of parturition. The material apprehended from the statements was treated in conformity with the content analysis method in the mode of thematic analysis according to Bardin. Three thematic categories emerged from this process: the father s attitude toward his child s birth, the father s feelings in respect of his child s birth, and the informations received by the father in the course of his child s birth. The speech content was analyzed in accordance with the principles of symbolic interactionism according to Blumer. The results showed that the husbands interact with their respective wives and respond with attitudes of care, help, support, and encouragement within the principles of humanization intermingled with feelings of happiness, restlessness, and suffering leading them to appraise and exalt their consorts. Besides, we verified that the father s attitudes and feelings in the delivery room in the light of symbolic interactionism tend to be influenced by the interaction between him and the attending professionals / Estudo qualitativo acerca do significado do nascimento de um filho para o pai. Teve como objetivo geral compreender o significado que o homem atribui ao nascimento do filho e espec?ficos identificar os sentimentos do homem frente ao nascimento do filho e verificar a atitude do homem diante do nascimento de um filho. O estudo foi fundamentado pelo referencial te?rico sobre o homem no ciclo grav?dico-puerperal e a humaniza??o da assist?ncia. Os dados foram obtidos atrav?s de entrevista semi-estruturada realizada junto a homens que acompanharam o nascimento de seus filhos e cujas mulheres estavam no puerp?rio imediato. Essa etapa ocorreu em duas maternidades no munic?pio de Natal RN, as quais adotam o princ?pio da maternidade segura no atendimento ? mulher no processo da parturi??o. O material apreendido dos depoimentos foi tratado conforme o m?todo de an?lise de conte?do na modalidade de an?lise tem?tica segundo Bardin. Desse processo emergiram tr?s categorias tem?ticas: atitude do pai frente ao nascimento do filho, sentimentos do pai relativos ao nascimento do filho e informa??es recebidas pelo pai durante o processo de nascimento do filho. O conte?do das falas foi analisado ? luz dos princ?pios do interacionismo simb?lico de acordo com Blumer. Os resultados evidenciaram que os homens interagem com suas respectivas mulheres e respondem com atitudes de cuidados, ajuda, apoio e encorajamento dentro dos princ?pios da humaniza??o, entremeadas por sentimentos de felicidade, inquieta??es e sofrimento, levando-os a valorizar e enaltecer as suas companheiras. Al?m disso, constatamos que as atitudes e os sentimentos do pai na sala de parto, sob a luz do interacionismo simb?lico, tende a ser influenciadas mediante a intera??o dele com profissionais que atendem a mulher e o acompanhante na sala de parto

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T18:02:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T17:18:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 180860.pdf: 25236990 bytes, checksum: d2b3bbc3e6720982bd6f1f19136de0f3 (MD5) / O estudo etnográfico está centrado na mudança nas relações geracionais da agricultura familiar do Município de Quilombo, Oeste de Santa Catarina, precisamente nas famílias cujos filhos passaram pela Casa Familiar Rural Santo Agostinho. A pesquisa parte da idéia inicial de que o saber do pai, central para a legitimidade da autoridade paterna na organização familiar tradicional, está sendo questionado quanto a sua eficiência para reproduzir a família. A interferência do processo educativo da Casa Familiar Rural, ao proporcionar uma troca de saberes que introduz a possibilidade de manutenção e, talvez, ampliação do patrimônio familiar, propicia aos jovens uma certa autoridade. O resultado é a construção de espaços de diálogo entre a autoridade fragmentada do pai e as autoridades múltiplas, tecendo um novo território familiar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlauciaMarinho.pdf: 1058659 bytes, checksum: 17777b5cdcab4a0113bd13f9c30b646f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / This study aimed to identify the perceived stepfather about his relations with his ( s ) stepson ( s ) and i identify the perception stepfather about their function and role in the family . We used a clinical investigation of psychoanalytic theory that raised the data through semi - structured interviews and stories with family Drawing in 3 adults and stepfathers who were participants . The sessions were performed in an office setting , respecting technical and ethical issues in research and Psychology in particular , such as confidentiality and consent of the participants . The content analysis showed that there were peculiarities in each case studied , however , there were common factors in their actions and feelings about family and stepchildren : a) there was an ambiguity - for both men perceived themselves as providers and counselors of children and stepchildren , as there was also a perception that feelings by biological child were different from those experienced by stepchildren . b ) all stepfathers barriers in relations revealed by an unclear definition of its role and function within the family, often reinforced by wives , mothers , taken as those who hold the power over the child / stepchild , and this confusion generated rivalry stepfather and stepson in a dispute love of wife and mother . c ) the psychological point of view, it was observed that many conflicts referred them to the early stages of development , especially the Oedipal resolution as a reissue ; thus, the exercise of the function of stepfather gives the basis of the quality of their relationships with their parents in childhood - as occurs in the course of consanguineous parentage . So , the function of step father as well as the father is given by a rolling engagement. We suggest other work researches , because it was understood that this type of related developmental Psychology study can assist in health activities and prevention in mental health / Este estudo teve por objetivos, identificar a percepção do padrasto sobre suas relações com seu(s) enteado(s) e identificar a percepção do padrasto acerca da sua função e papel na família. Utilizou-se de uma investigação clínica de referencial psicanalítico que levantou os dados por meio de entrevistas semi-dirigidas e do Desenho de família com estórias, em 3 participantes adultos e que eram padrastos. Os atendimentos foram realizados em ambiente de consultório, respeitando-se questões técnicas e éticas da pesquisa e da Psicologia em especial, tais como sigilo e consentimento dos participantes. A análise do conteúdo mostrou que havia peculiaridades em cada caso estudado, entretanto, havia fatores comuns em seus sentimentos e ações sobre a família e enteados: a) houve uma ambivalência pois tanto se perceberam como homens provedores e orientadores dos filhos e enteados, quanto havia também uma a percepção de que os sentimentos pelo filho biológico eram diferentes daqueles sentidos por seus enteados. b) todos os padrastos revelaram entraves nas relações por uma não definição clara de seu papel e função no contexto familiar, muitas vezes reforçado pelas esposas- mães, tidas como aquelas que detém o poder sobre o filho/enteado e, esta confusão gerava rivalidade entre padrasto e enteado, numa disputa pelo amor da esposa e mãe. c) do ponto de vista psíquico, foi observado que muitos conflitos os remetiam aos períodos precoces do desenvolvimento, especialmente à resolução edipiana, como numa reedição; assim, o exercício da função de padrasto se dá à base da qualidade de suas relações com seus pais na infância tal como se dá no exercício da paternidade consangüínea. De modo que, a função de padrasto, assim como a paterna se dá por um compromisso evolutivo . Sugerem-se outros trabalhos, pois se entendeu que esse tipo de estudo relacionado à Psicologia do desenvolvimento pode auxiliar em ações de saúde e prevenção em saúde mental.