The limestone tablet oDeM 1793 is known particularly for its representativeness as a writing medium. In the following it will be shown that the preserved hieratic text can be identified as part of the hymnus of Amun of pBoulaq 17.

This study is a secondary analysis of survey data collected in fall 2000 from patients of a safety-net hospital and its eight community health outreach clinics in Fort Worth, Texas. The study examined three objectives. These include explaining the utilization of Pap smear tests among the sample who were low-income women, by ascertaining the determinants of using these services. Using binary logistic regressions analyses primarily, the study tested 10 hypotheses. The main hypothesis tested the race/ethnicity/immigration status effect on Pap smear screening. The remaining hypotheses examined the effects of other independent/control variables on having a Pap smear. Results from the data provide support for the existence of a race/ethnicity/immigration status effect. Anglos were more likely to have had a Pap smear, followed by African Americans, Hispanic immigrants, and finally, by Hispanic Americans. The persistence of the race/ethnicity/immigration status effect, even when the effects of other independent/control variables are taken into account, may be explained by several factors. These include cultural differences between the different groups studied. The race/ethnicity/immigration status effect on Pap smear screening changed with the introduction of age, usual source of care, check-up for current pregnancy, and having multiple competing needs for food, clothing and housing into the models studied. Other variables, such as marital status, employment status and health insurance coverage had no statistically significant effects on Pap smear screening. The findings of this study are unique, probably due to the hospital-based sample who has regular access to subsidized health insurance from a publicly funded safety-net healthcare network and its healthcare providers. Given the importance of race/ethnicity/immigration status for preventive Pap smear screening, public education efforts to promote appropriate Pap smear tests among vulnerable populations should target specific race/ethnicity/immigration status groups in the U.S. within the cultural context of each group. Furthermore, publicly funded health programs for underserved populations such as the John Peter Smith Connections and Medicaid should be maintained and strengthened.

The South African government that was elected in 1994 made tremendous changes in the Education system. The new government came up with the new curriculum for Basic Education (grade R- 12). The new curriculum had new topics in physical science. This made me as a teacher doubt whether I would be able to teach new topics. During my time as a student, I was not taught mining at school or college. As a result, I decided to do a self study in order to investigate how I would learn gold mining as a topic in order for me to be able to teach it to my learners. My study involved studying my own teaching practice while learning and also finding out the key things that made me understand the content knowledge involved in the topic of gold mining. The self study was done in order to ensure that I understood the content knowledge and how best to teach it to the learners. I used a collaboration team, reflective journal, group interviews classroom observation and learners’ responses to collect data. The participants were my grade 11 learners and myself. My data was analysed using a PCK model, CoRes and PaPeRs. I had to learn the content knowledge and transform it to make it understandable to learners. I designed lessons using the prior knowledge of learners and integrating Physical Science and Geography. Lessons did not go as smoothly as I had expected. Learners wanted some of their existing knowledge to be included. The classroom activities depended entirely on the relationship between the teacher and learners. I carried out my study bearing in mind that implementation of the new curriculum depends not only on classroom interactions (DoE, 2002) but most importantly on the content knowledge that the teacher has and how it is transformed. Learners taught me to understand gold mining from the geographical point of view as well from the scientific point of view. From the beginning of the study they were really excited and were looking forward to new things. Using the learners’ science prior knowledge helped me design lessons that allowed me to learn to be a facilitator.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Sociais (csociais-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-05T14:46:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria_Luisa_C?lia_Escalona_de_Dios_Tese.pdf: 1501995 bytes, checksum: 26615622a948031036d50837d46a2f5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-06T11:54:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria_Luisa_C?lia_Escalona_de_Dios_Tese.pdf: 1501995 bytes, checksum: 26615622a948031036d50837d46a2f5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T11:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria_Luisa_C?lia_Escalona_de_Dios_Tese.pdf: 1501995 bytes, checksum: 26615622a948031036d50837d46a2f5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In the last ten year, Brazil has shown an increase on its purchasing power, a relative growth of social mobility and also of sophisticated consumption.In parallel to those processes, there was an increment upon the offering of personal services which turned into the form of consultancies to accomplish several activities, such as sorting out closets, walking dogs, shopping, advising on customer?s way of dressing and building his/her personal image, among others.Individuals that provide such sort of services call themselves personals, emphasizing the individual nature of supplied services. Since those professionals hold a especific know-how they introduce themselves as "specialists".Their given services meet demands that did not exist until short time ago or were met by other means. Therefore, they were met by the individual himself as long as he held the needed knowledge and skills, got through familiar socialization or by some other family member, through friends or employees who held those skills, which means that those services were supplied in the scope of wider and steady relatioships,involving the logic of gift or those relationships based on wageearning. From a research developed between 2013 and 2016 in Porto Alegre, Sao Paulo and Paris, this thesis aims to investigate the rise of that personal services market.Using an ethnographic approach one searched to see how offering and the demand for such personal services were built and what the implications were in the way the individual was developed into contemporaneity.The main conclusion for this work says the formation of that personal services market is related to changes in the family life organization and in the professional work environment and specific in the Brazilian case, to the economic upswing of certain social groups and also with the possibility of capital reconversion by specific social segments and professional categories. / Nos ?ltimos dez anos, no Brasil, observou-se um aumento do poder aquisitivo, um relativo crescimento do grau de mobilidade social e, tamb?m, de sofistica??o do consumo. Paralelo a estes processos, houve um crescimento da oferta de servi?os pessoais que assumem a forma de consultorias para realiza??o de diversas atividades, tais como: organizar arm?rios, levar cachorros para passear, realizar compras, orientar o cliente em rela??o ao seu estilo de vestir e a constru??o de sua imagem pessoal, entre outros. Os indiv?duos que prestam esse tipo de servi?os se autodenominam personals, enfatizando a natureza individualizada dos servi?os oferecidos. Por deterem um saber espec?fico, os profissionais que oferecem servi?os pessoais apresentam-se como ?especialistas?. Os servi?os que eles oferecem atendem demandas que n?o existiam at? pouco tempo atr?s ou que eram satisfeitas de outras formas. Assim sendo, eram satisfeitas pelo pr?prio indiv?duo, na medida em que possu?a os conhecimentos e habilidades necess?rios, adquiridos atrav?s da socializa??o familiar, ou por algum outro membro da fam?lia, por amigos ou empregados que detinham essas habilidades, o que significa que esses servi?os eram prestados no ?mbito de rela??es mais amplas e permanentes, envolvendo a l?gica da d?diva ou a das rela??es de assalariamento. A partir de uma pesquisa realizada entre 2013 e 2016 em Porto Alegre, S?o Paulo e Paris (durante o estagio doutoral 2015 a 2016) esta tese visa investigar o surgimento desse mercado de servi?os pessoais. Por meio de uma abordagem etnogr?fica se buscou averiguar como se construiu a oferta, a demanda destes servi?os pessoais e quais as implica??es na forma como se constr?i a pessoa na contemporaneidade. A principal conclus?o deste trabalho diz respeito ao fato de que a constitui??o desse mercado de servi?os pessoais est? relacionada com a ocorr?ncia de mudan?as na organiza??o da vida familiar e no mundo do trabalho e, especificamente no caso brasileiro, com a ascens?o econ?mica de certos grupos sociais e com a possibilidade de reconvers?o de capitais por parte de determinados segmentos sociais e categorias profissionais.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:04:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 5 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivo: Investigar o acesso de mulheres negras e brancas aos exames de detecção precoce de câncer, mama e citopatológico (CP), em duas cidades no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado a partir da junção de duas amostras representativas de mulheres dos 20 aos 60 anos, residentes em São Leopoldo e em Pelotas, cidades localizadas no sul do Brasil. As análises foram ajustadas por renda, escolaridade, classe econômica e idade para verificar a associação entre raça/cor e o acesso ao CP e ao exame de mama. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 2030 mulheres, das quais 327 (16,1%) eram negras e 1703 (83,9%) brancas. Houve maior percentual de mulheres negras pertencentes aos estratos mais baixos de renda, de classe econômica e de escolaridade comparados com as mulheres brancas. A probabilidade das mulheres não realizarem os exames citopatológico e de mama foi significantemente maior nas negras. A desigualdade racial no acesso aos exames de detecção precoce de câncer persistiu após con / Objective: To investigate the access of both Black and White women to cancer early detection exams, breast and pap-smear, in two cities in Southern Brazil.Methods: A population based cross-sectional study that combines two representative samples of women aged from 20 to 60 years, from São Leopoldo and Pelotas, south Brazil cities. The analyses were adjusted according to income, education, economic class and age in order to verify the association of race/color with the access to pap-smear and breast exam. Results: Out of 2030 women interviewed, 327 (16.1%) were Black and 1703 (83.9%) were White. In comparison with White women, there were higher percentages of Black women in the lower strata of income, economic class and education. The probability of not accomplishing pap-smear and breast exam was significantly higher among Black women. Racial inequalities in access to cancer early detection exams persisted after controlling for age and other socioeconomic variables. In the previous year, Black women, regardl

中共武警部隊與人民解放軍、民兵並列為為中共國家三大武裝力量之一，對於中共這個世界現存最大的專制控制政權的維繫，具有舉足輕重的地位。 中共在馬列主義和毛澤東思想影響下，政體與一般民主國家殊異，而人民武裝警察（武警）制度更是不同於民主國家之軍事或警察制度。武警為中共武裝力量組成之一，其任務涵蓋面廣、實質力量大，雖然中共將武警視為公安體系中的一環，但是我們必須注意到的是其亦警亦軍的特性，及戰時可納入軍事指揮體系的動員能量。 本論文首先針對中共武警的發展沿革，依中共領導人之更迭，共分四個時期作一敘述，歸納出中共武警的建軍模式、與中共政治局勢之互動、未來走向等。其次，綜整當前中共武警制度的內容，整理分類將中共武警警種之間的關係作一探討研究，期能對該制度有通盤瞭解。第三，透過對中共國家安全的分析，找出中共國家安全之戰略目標、危機與支撐力量，並從武警的角度去思考其在國家安全的地位，進而研究中共武警具備之功能與在國家安全上所扮演的角色。第四，從中共武警的角度及外環境的變化，交叉探討武警制度在中共全力發展經濟的政策變革下，所遭遇的問題與挑戰。 本文最終希望發揮拋磚引玉之功效，引起國內研究中共武警之風氣，使我國得以具體研判武警部隊的未來走向。

Le but de ce travail est d'exposer de nouveaux résultats concernant l'utilisation d'une classe particulière de réseaux de neurones formels (les Perceptrons Affines Par morceaux: PAP) dans le cadre du contrôle optimal en boucle fermée. Les résultats principaux obtenus sont: plusieurs propriétés des PAP, concernant la nature des fonctions qu'ils peuvent émuler, un théorème constructif de représentation des fonctions continues affines par morceaux, qui permet de construire explicitement un PAP à partir d'une collection de fonctions affines, une série d'heuristiques pour l'apprentissage des paramètres d'un perceptron dans une boucle fermée et dans un cadre de contrôle optimal, des résultats théoriques concernant la stabilité de PAP utilisés comme contrôleurs. La dernière partie est consacrée des applications de ces résultats à la construction automatique de contrôleurs de la combustion de moteurs de voiture, qui ont donné lieu au dépot de deux brevets par Renault.

Background Screening by cytology has been highly effective in reducing the incidence and mortality from squamous invasive cervical cancer (ICC), but the effectiveness is less established regarding non-squamous ICC and regarding women above screening ages and below 30 years of age. Cervical cancer still occurs despite the presence of an organised screening programme. A substantial proportion of screened women with ICC are reported to have had previous abnormal cytology findings. The significance of negative cytology with limited evaluation is not quite determined, the most effective management of women with low-grade abnormalities is controversial, and evaluation of long-term effect of different treatment methods is limited. Aims To identify possible areas of improvements in the prevention of cervical cancer by evaluating the effectiveness of the Swedish cervical screening programme, and by exploring risk factors for ICC in the cytological screening histories and in the management of women with abnormal cytology findings. Methods The screening histories of all ICC cases in Sweden 1999-2001 (n=1230) and of five population-based control women per case were reviewed, using data from the Swedish Cancer Registry, the national population register, the Swedish national cervical screening quality register, histopathological reports and questionnaires to clinicians. The risk of cervical cancer according to screening histories 0.5-6.5 years before cancer diagnosis was estimated as odds ratios (ORs) in logistic regression models with 95% confidence interval (CI) (Paper I). Risk related to different cytological reports was assessed in women below 67 years of age with cytology (n=572, n=3569) in Paper II. The initial follow-up of women with abnormal or unsatisfactory cytology reports (n=159, n=258) was evaluated in Paper III, and further investigation and treatment of abnormalities (n=143 cases, n=176 controls) in Paper IV. Results The cancer cases were above screening ages (31%), had not been screened according to recommendations (33%), had negative cytology (23%), or had previous positive screening tests (13%). No screening within the recommended interval increased the risk of squamous (OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.51-3.50) as well as non-squamous cancer (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20-2.11), and increased the risk in all ages. Negative cytology with partially obscuring factors and unsatisfactory cytology increased the risk of subsequent early stage ICC. All cytological abnormalities increased the risk of ICC, and women with glandular atypia or atypia in cells of uncertain origin carried a particularly high risk (OR 11.69, 95% CI 7.02-19.46). After a low-grade squamous abnormal smear finding, further investigation with biopsy was more effective than repeated cytology (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.89). Lack of biopsy increased the risk in women with both low-grade and high-grade squamous abnormalities. Neither repeat cytology, nor biopsy, decreased the risk in women with glandular atypia or atypia in cells of uncertain origin. Treatment decreased the risk, even when the biopsy before treatment was negative or showed low-grade atypia only. Ablative therapy was less effective than excision and laser conisation was the most effective therapy. Conclusions Improved adherence to screening recommendations and including older women at increased risk in the programme would have significant cancer preventive gains. Women with negative cytology with limited evaluation and with unsatisfactory cytology may need further evaluation. Assessment with biopsy should be recommended for women with low-grade as well as high-grade squamous abnormalities. The diagnosing of precancer lesions and the identification of women in need of treatment warrant improvements, in particular in cases of glandular or “other” atypia in cytology. Treatment techniques need further evaluation.

Bakgrund:Fysisk inaktivitet orsakar ohälsa och sjukdom i dagens samhälle. I Sverige introducerades, år 2001, fysisk aktivitet på recept (FaR) som en metod för att öka den fysiska aktiviteten bland befolkningen. Att undersöka hur distriktssköterskan uppfattar FaR är värdefullt eftersom det är en metod som distriktssköterskan kan använda i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors uppfattningar om fysisk aktivitet på recept (FaR). Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer med 18 distriktssköterskor genomfördes. Intervjumaterialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Distriktssköterskorna uppfattade att FaR kunde främja både hälsa och ekonomi i samhället men att metoden begränsar jämlik hälsa. Metoden hade ett brett användningsområde men det framkom skilda meningar om metodens användbarhet för patienterna. En motiverad patient, tvärprofessionellt samarbete, samverkan med andra FaR-aktörer och organisatoriskt stöd uppfattades av distriktssköterskorna som förutsättningar för att använda FaR. Uppfattningar om FaR:s framtidsutsikt visade att det fanns tveksamhet om metodens hållbarhet och ett behov av utveckling. Slutsats: Studien visar att ett flertal omständigheter påverkar om distriktssköterskorna ska uppfatta FaR som en metod värd att använda. Resultatet kan användas som vägledning för att se över dessa faktorer och vidareutveckla metoden FaR. / Background:Physical inactivity causes ill-health and disease in today’s society. As a method for increasing physical activity among the population, physical activity on prescription (PaP) was introduced in Sweden in 2001. PaP is a method which the district nurse can use in promoting health and it is therefore valuable to explore how the district nurses perceive this method. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe district nurses’ perceptions about physical activity on prescription (PaP). Method: The study was based on semi structured interviews with18 district nurses. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: District nurses felt that PaP could promote both health and economy in society, but that it restricts equal health. The method was understood to have a broad scope but there were differences of opinion about the method's usefulness for patients. A motivated patient, cross-collaboration, interaction with other PaP-actors and organizational support were perceived by the district nurses as prerequisites for using PaP. Opinions about the future of PaP showed that there was uncertainty about the sustainability and a need for development. Conclusion: The study shows that a number of factors affect the district nurses’ perception of whether PaP is a method worth using. The result can be used as a guide to surveying these factors and developing the PaP method.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-137). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xi, 137 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm