S’inscrivant dans le champ des recherches concernant les représentations des élèves sur la langue, cette étude exploratoire utilise un dispositif didactique particulier, le tri de mots à visée grammaticale, afin de recueillir des données lors du suivi longitudinal d’une classe située en zone d’éducation prioritaire, sur une durée de deux années, en CE2 et CM1. Le corpus constitué par les traces écrites produites par les élèves a fait l’objet d’un traitement statistique afin d’en permettre la lisibilité. Les outils d’analyse linguistiques et didactiques utilisés ont permis de conforter des hypothèses déjà émises, mais aussi de dégager des tendances nouvelles concernant l’acquisition des classes grammaticales par les élèves de l’école élémentaire. Les résultats exposés portent sur les savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves, mais aussi sur l’éclairage que ces conceptions apportent sur les systèmes d’explication de la langue. Entre grammaire scolaire et linguistique, il s’agit de mieux comprendre le point de vue des élèves sur la langue afin d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexions didactiques / Fitting in the field of research relating to the representations of the pupils on the language, this exploratory study uses a particular didactic device, the sorting of words to grammatical aiming, in order to collect data at the time of the longitudinal follow-up of a class located in zone of priority education, over one two years duration, in CE2 and CM1. The corpus consisted the hard copies produced by the pupils was the object of a statistical processing in order to allow legibility of it. The linguistic and didactic tools for analysis used made it possible to consolidate already put forth hypotheses, but also to release from the new trends concerning the acquisition of the parts of speech by the pupils of the elementary school. The exposed results relate on the knowledge and know-how of the pupils, but also to the lighting which these designs bring on the systems of explanation of the language. Between school and linguistic grammar, it is a question of better understanding the point of view of the pupils on the language in order to open didactic lines of thinking

Organ donation is traditionally based on the notion of making a gift based on altruism. An important aspect of ‘altruistic gifting’ is commitment to a solidaristic approach to meeting transplant needs. In line with this, people are encouraged to donate their organs at death to a common pool for collective provision, or donate a live organ to another freely. Given a chronic organ shortage, proposals have been made to change this system to increase donation. Proposals include introducing some organ market or payment in the form of a reward to incentivise live or deceased donation. However, these proposals have been opposed because of the grip of ‘altruistic gift’ as the only ethically acceptable way to procure and distribute organs. To support the ethical acceptability of other systems, ‘altruistic gift’ has been subject to various criticisms. One criticism is the moral relevance of altruism: people may donate on other motives other than altruism; or, altruism is not the motive that underpins most deceased organ donations. Another criticism is the moral value of altruism: even if deceased organ donations are in general altruistic, altruism does not express communal virtues like generosity that support solidarity. A third criticism is the value of the concept of altruism when understood in the pure sense: ‘pure altruism’ fashions an unnecessary or false dichotomy – gift versus sale – in the way people can ethically relate and help each other. Consistent with or following this criticism, it has been argued that use of a financial reward to incentivise donation can be compatible with preserving donation as altruistic albeit in a ‘non-pure’ sense. ‘Altruism’ and reward can co-exist as motives for donation. This thesis concerns itself centrally with the third criticism. It argues that the concept of altruism delineates a distinctive moral ‘perspective’ of a common humanity that engenders a devotion to others’ interests. Accordingly, as I argue, ‘non-pure’ definitions of altruism are misleading as to how a financial reward can be compatible with altruism. From this, the thesis argues that introduction of a financial reward for organ donation would not preserve donation as altruistic. Based on an understanding of altruism as also a motive for ‘creative’ relationships, the thesis counters criticisms of its relevance and value to deceased organ donation under a gift model. As part of its legal analysis, the thesis considers the antithesis of ‘altruistic gift’: the idea of organs as property which places individual control on their disposition at its moral centre. It has been argued that organs should be owned as property so that individuals can sell them, or transmit them to relatives so that relatives can claim payment from donation. To provoke thought on whether organs should be owned as private property like any other, the thesis proposes an inheritance regime for organs with family as default successor.

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The first part of diploma work is focused on the description of the basic concepts related to logistics, explanation the terms such as Supply Chain Management or Vendor Managed Inventory. Further there is mentioned the basic arrangement and the parting of the logistics and also there are described the methods used in the logistics, there's also shown company's strategy and its objectives. The second part of diploma work is devoted to the characteristic of the material parts entering to the production of the view ABC analysis, there's also pointed out to the distinctness in character of difficulty with ensurance these items of the view purchase costs and costs of production. Further there's an illustration of usage the ABC analysis as an instrument for inventory management and some possible resource while usage logistic technologies. The objective of the third part is the identification of individual types of productions namely of the view of the characteristic the consumption of parts and recommendation what is the optimal way of supply for a particular kind of the production of the view Vendor Managed Inventory while connection accessories supply by system Kanban-TB. The last part of diploma work is devoted to the process of implementation the system Kanban-TB into the practise, where's dealt with a concrete real example of system implementation to the manufacturing corporation of company Gama. Whole process is described from the starting identification of requirements upon this system, its processing, up to its full implementation including representation of brought effects and savings.

This thesis is divided into three chapters, the first two are theoretical and the third one is practical. The first chapter deals with the characteristics of logistics services, the second one is dedicated to the customer service and its measurement and the last one focuses on a case study of selected IT company. The main goal is to map the current state of logistics services and supply chain processes of the spare parts of the IT company Fujitsu Ltd., reveal its weaknesses and shortcomings and propose possible improvements.

Blackfoot (Siksika), an Algonquian language spoken in Southern Alberta and in Northwestern Montana, is claimed to have a pitch-accent system (Frantz 1991). However, no complete analysis of the Blackfoot word accent system is available in the literature. This thesis examines Blackfoot nominal accent by means of metrical analysis (Halle and Vergnaud 1987) in Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky 1993). All of the data in this thesis are elicited from native speakers of Blackfoot. Regardless of noun type, every word contains one and only one pitch peak. Bare nouns (mono-morphemic nouns) and relational nouns (dependent nouns) show that Blackfoot has a mixed predictable and lexical accent system. Accent is quantity-sensitive, i.e. a heavy syllable attracts accent, while in nouns which contain no heavy syllable or more than one heavy syllable, it is lexically specified. An interesting contrast is found in long vowels - they contrast a high-level pitch, a falling pitch, and a rising pitch. Derived nouns (compounds) demonstrate four kinds of accent patterns, depending on the status (free vs. bound) and the accentual property (accented vs. unaccented) of morphemes. The leftmost accent of the compound members is retained, but the accent shifts to the juncture of them if it is word-final. If compound members are unaccented, the accent is assigned to word-final position by default. Speaker variation also occurs. One speaker systematically changes vowel length depending on the type of accented syllable, while the other speaker shows a wide variety of accent patterns. This thesis concludes that all the accent patterns can be accounted for by a single ranking of constraints in an OT analysis, in spite of the fact that the accent system is both lexical and predictable. Addition of constraints is needed specifically for compounds! Speaker variation is accounted for by reranking the same set of constraints. Priority is given to constraints that refer to the predictable accent in the grammar of one speaker. The lexical information is more respected in the other speaker's grammar. In addition to the analysis of general pitch-accent patterns, four types of irregular patterns are examined. The conclusions reached in this thesis demonstrate that the accent system interacts with other phonological properties of Blackfoot. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate

The aim of this thesis is to introduce sales of SKODA Genuine Parts and to confirm the hypothesis that current data referring to amount of Skoda vehicles being used within the Czech Republic are gathered upon wrong methodology, which leads to unobjective marketing analysis which serves as a basis for decision-making. In case the hypothesis is confirmed, a new proposal of data collecting system is required, which will be feasible in long term. It will be necessary to specify the data sources, its plausibility, provide useful information such as the number of cars, age, models, engines, segmentation and so on. Afterwards, the author analyses the market potential for sales of Genuine Parts using the collected data. The data obtained by the new system is required to be used both for sales purposes and for dealing with customers.

The related work tells about the implementation of a Quality Management Systematic for Purchased Parts (SG) with focus on results and its effectiveness at an Automobile Company. The objective was to analyze the gains achieved through the purchased parts performance management applied in the assembly process of a national vehicle using a new Management Systematic, comparing results before and after the SG implementation, through the indicators: Qualitative Approval Index (IAQ), Quality Cost (QK), Product Quality in Process Index (IQPP), Customer Satisfaction Index (ISC) and the Field Failures Index (IFC). The methodology applied to emphasize the evolutions occurred by the organization with the SG implementation took in account samples analyses related to 48 consecutives months following the indicators, divided in two parts equivalents to 24 months before and after the total SG implementation. As result, the organization improved its performance as the higher values of the Quality Approval and Costumer Satisfaction Indicators, additionally the reduction in the loses indicators as the Quality Cost, Product Quality in Process, and Field Failures, allowing to the company increases its competitiveness in terms of quality costs, development and exportation capacities, as well a new products launching timing reduction. / O presente trabalho descreve a implementação da Sistemática de Gestão da Qualidade para Peças Compradas (SG) focada em resultados e a sua efetividade em uma empresa do segmento automobilístico. O objetivo foi analisar os ganhos obtidos pelo gerenciamento do desempenho das peças compradas aplicadas na montagem de um veículo de fabricação nacional utilizando-se de uma nova Sistemática de Gestão, comparando-se os resultados antes e após a sua implementação, por meio dos indicadores: Índice de Aprovação Qualitativa (IAQ), Custo da Qualidade (QK), Índice da Qualidade do Produto no Processo (IQPP), Índice de Satisfação do Cliente (ISC) e o Índice de Falhas no Campo (IFC). A metodologia aplicada para evidenciar as melhorias obtidas pela organização com a implementação da SG considerou a coleta de dados relativos há 48 meses consecutivos de acompanhamento dos indicadores, estratificados em dois períodos equivalentes de 24 meses antes e após a implementação plena da SG. Como resultado, a organização obteve ganhos expressivos por meio do aumento dos Índices de Aprovação Qualitativa e Satisfação do Cliente, além da redução nos indicadores de perdas como o Custo da Qualidade, Índice da Qualidade do Produto no Processo, e Índice de Falhas no Campo, permitindo a empresa maior competitividade em qualidade, custos, capacidades de desenvolvimento e exportação, bem como a redução no tempo de lançamento de novos produtos.

The National Literacy Project initiated in 2016 by the Swedish government and The Swedish National Agency for Education was a strategy from the Swedish government to improve the results of the Swedish pupils. Sweden had previously been one of the top countries in the OECD test results, but during the last two decades that had changed. The project is a school developing project with the purpose to enhance competence in literacy among teachers in different subjects, and as a consequence improve the results. The method of the project was collegial learning in minor groups of ten to twelve members with a tutor who represented expertise in literacy. In the interviews in this essay the tutors are all teachers in Swedish.        This study aims to describe how six tutors of The National Literacy Project and six teachers in upper secondary school experienced their work with the project. They all work at theoretical national programs. The method is qualitative interviews in focus groups and individually and the research concerns professional identity, collegial learning and relationships in professional groups. The subject for the teachers in the groups is research and methods in literacy.        Research relevant for the study is the sociological and pedagogical aspect of professional identity within a teachers’ community. The theory helps to understand how teachers involved in a school developing project initiated by headmasters, municipality, authority and utmost the government, react. Another aspect is the theory of Community of Practice, which helps to enlighten the leadership and parts in a group and also how knowledge and identity is reproduced within a group of colleagues.        The result shows how six tutors and six individual teachers experience their work with The National Literacy Project; the parts in the community (tutor and group member) and the utility of the methodical and theoretical topics in the literacy material of the project.