This theses covers the design and implementation of recording functionality for a set-top box in a home network. An initial investigation is done and possibilities for extending the system to support specific features are presented. Digital TV is becoming more common each day, and soon it will be more widely used than todays analogue standard. At the same time the need for recording TV shows remains the same or is increasing, which is shown by the number of PVR solutions popping up on the market. The goal of this thesis work was to investigate the possibilities for extending an existing set-top box to support common PVR features and, if possible, to implement a prototype. This was supposed to be done in a home network environment with the set-top box as the digital media center. A satisfying solution, covering basic recording functionality is defined and implemented. The solution includes recording to a USB hard drive and to a PC on the local network. On top of this, a graphical user interface is built and some simple benchmarks show the performance of the set-top box with the new functionality.

Brachytherapy (BT) with continuous low dose rate (LDR) has been used for 100 years and is considered as the radiotherapy method able to deliver a dose in the shortest time with high efficacy and low risk of side effects. The drawbacks are need for patient isolation and radiation exposure of the staff during the treatment. Brenner and Hall published the radiobiology concept for pulsed dose rate (PDR) in 1991.  Short (10-20 minutes), hourly pulses of high dose rate (HDR) given to the same dose, with same overall treatment time will virtually simulate continuous LDR. At the same time new afterloading machine technology became available, where a single millimetre sized radiation 192Iridium source sequentially moves through the applicator in small individually timed steps. The advantages are that the radiation dose can be optimized along the applicator and with no radiation exposure of the staff and no need for patient isolation more than during the pulse. This work deals with four different aspects of PDR BT An experimental comparison of measured absorbed doses outside a left sided breast target on a body equivalent Alderson phantom was made.  Five external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) whole breast treatments to 50 Gy versus five accelerated partial breast irradiations (APBI) by PDR BT to 50 Gy were studied. The absorbed doses were measured in 67 different positions inside the body phantom by thermoluminescence dosimeters. The result shows that dose points distant to the left breast will have 1-1.4 % of the prescribed dose with no difference between EBRT and PDR BT. Organs at risk in short distance (<5 cm) to the target (such as parts of the left lung, heart muscle and the right breast) will have significantly less dose by PDR BT. In conclusion PDR BT has dosimetric advantages close to the target compared to EBRT and cannot do more damage to remote organs. PDR APBI as the adjuvant RT treatment to breast conserving surgery after early breast cancer was studied. Between 1994-2004 we treated 50 women and 51 breasts. The median age of the population was 53 (40-72) years. The cases were radically resected, unifocal T1-2N0-1M0 tumours. PDR BT was given to a dose of 50 Gy for 5 days directed to the operated sector of the breast. The median treated volume was 160 cm3, constituting in median 31 % of the breast volume. The treatment is called accelerated because total treatment time is 5 days compared to 5 weeks for EBRT. After a median follow-up of 130 months (>10 years) we noted 5 (10 %) local recurrences in the treated breast. Four of these recurrences were outside the treated volume. Three women (6 %) developed cancers in the other breast. Early side effects were mild and less than with EBRT. As late side effects we found mild to moderate local fibroses in the treated volume. A cosmetic evaluation was done by both the patient and a nurse and was found to be lower than in other published data (56 % = good to excellent). The 10 years local failure rate is similar to the result from a large Swedish randomized study on whole breast radiotherapy to 50 Gy. The study indicates that PDR BT is highly effective. A combination of EBRT (40.8 Gy) and PDR boost (35 Gy) to T1-4N0-3M0, base of tongue (BOT) cancer, treated during 1994-2007 was analyzed. The study is the first with PDR and second largest with BT worldwide. A number of 83 patients with a median age of 60 (38-82) years were included. BT was given to a mean volume of 58 ccm 2 days after the neck dissection. Median follow-up was 54 months. At 5 years we found 89 % local tumour control, 95 % neck control, 80 % disease free survival and an overall survival of 65 %. Late side effects were 13 % minor transient soft tissue necrosis and 12 % long lasting or permanent soft tissue- or osteoradio-necrosis. The results are among the best published worldwide. An extensive quality of life analysis was done on 45 patients at last follow-up and showed limited, persistent xerostomia and dysphagia. The global quality of life was rated good in 75 % of the patients. The last study presented was PDR mono-brachytherapy (55-60 Gy) to cancer of the lip (T1-3N0M0). The study included 43 patients with a median age of 74 (37-92) years. The treatment time was 5.5-6 days and the mean treated volume was 15 ccm. The median follow-up time was 54 (1-158) months. Five year Kaplan-Meier data showed, local control 94 %, disease free survival 86 % and overall survival 59 %. An early side effect was a strong radiation mucositis and dermatitis, which healed in 1 month. Late side effects were uncommon and the cosmetic appearance and the lip function were found to be normal. Our data in total and per T-stage was compared to a European survey from 1993 on 2794 patients treated by LDR BT. The results are similar and are a strong indication of equal efficacy between PDR and LDR.

Bakgrund: En fungerande kapitalmarknad är en förutsättning för en nations innovation,vilket i sin tur är fundamentalt för att uppnå ekonomisk tillväxt. Därav blir förståelsen för hurkapitalmarknaden fungerar av största vikt. En av de vanligaste frågorna investerare ochforskare ställer sig är huruvida marknader är effektiva? Kan investerare utgå ifrån attkapitalmarknaden är effektiv och att alla handlar på samma information? Frågan är viktigeftersom kapitalmarknaden är uppbyggd på ett förtroende hos allmänheten, om dettaförtroende raseras kan det få förödande konsekvenser för nationen, utifrån svårigheter medkapitalallokeringen. Denna studie undersöker, med utgångspunkt från effektiva marknader,fenomenet kallat ex-dagseffekten. Finns det prisavvikelser på marknaden och iförekommande fall, finns det en förklaring till detta? Utifrån det undersöker studien specifiktmikrostrukturen som förklaring till den potentiella prisavvikelsen. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka, analysera, samt förklara förekomsten av exdagseffektenoch dess relation med mikrostrukturen på OMX Stockholm Large Cap,respektive Mid Cap och Small Cap. Metod: Utifrån studiens behov att sammanställa en större mängd data har en kvantitativforskningsstrategi använts. Studiens sekundärdata är insamlad för utdelande bolag noteradepå OMX Stockholm Large, Mid samt Small Cap mellan årtalen 2016 och 2019. Insamladdata har sedan sammanställts till paneldata, vilken ligger till grund för studiens t-test samtmultipla regressioner. Slutsats: Utifrån studiens t-test påvisas att ex-dagseffekten föreligger på studiens utvaldamarknad. Vidare, utifrån studiens regressioner utläses det att mikrostrukturen har en negativpåverkan på PDR. Då förekomst av mikrostrukturen påvisas kan studien inte uttala sig omhuruvida marknaden som undersökts är ineffektiv eller ej. / Background: A functioning capital market is a prerequisite for the innovation of a nation,which in turn is fundamental to achieve economic growth. Hence, the understanding of howthe capital market operates becomes of paramount importance. One of the most commonquestions investors and researchers ask themselves is whether markets are efficient? Caninvestors assume that the capital market is efficient and that everyone trades on the sameinformation? The question is important because the capital market is built upon publicconfidence, and if this trust is destroyed, it can have devastating consequences for the nation,based on difficulties with capital allocation. This study examines, based on efficient markets,the phenomenon called the ex-day effect. Are there price deviations in the market, and ifapplicable, is there an explanation for this? Based on this, the study specifically examines themicrostructure as an explanation for the potential price deviation. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate, analyze, and explain the existence of theex-day effect and its relationship with the microstructure of OMX Stockholm Large Cap, MidCap and Small Cap. Method: Based on the study's need to compile a larger amount of data, a quantitativeresearch strategy has been used. The study's secondary data is collected for distributingcompanies listed on OMX Stockholm Large, Mid and Small Cap between the years 2016 and2019. Collected data has then been compiled into panel data, which is the basis for the study'st-test and multiple regressions. Conclusion: Based on the study's t-test, it is demonstrated that the ex-day effect is present inthe study's selected market. Furthermore, based on the regressions models the study used, itcan be deducted that the microstructure has an impact of PDR. Since the presence of themicrostructure is detected, the study cannot comment on whether the market examined isinefficient or not.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18326号 / 農博第2051号 / 新制||農||1022(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4833(農学部図書室) / 31184 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 植田 充美, 教授 喜多 恵子, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Waveform Description Language (WDL) was invented to ease the process of porting legacy and/ or new radio waveforms to Programmable / Software Radios. WDL has two primary requirements; 1st it is to provide a rigorous executable behavioural description of waveform signal structures that is unambiguous and yet independent of any particular end item software radio architecture. The 2nd requirement is that the behavioural specification provides a path to automatic code generation for GP’s, DSP’s, and FPFG’s and that the Generated code be tested against the behavioural model.

La tuberculose (TB) reste parmi les 10 premières causes de décès dans le monde ; l’émergence/réémergence de la TB résistante aux antituberculeux aggrave la situation et représente un défi majeur pour l’éradication de la TB. Le Laos est entouré par des pays fortement touchés par la TB et la TB multi-résistante (MDR) et cette maladie représente une priorité en termes de santé publique dans ce pays. Il n’existe encore aucune donnée sur la structure génétique et la résistance aux antibiotiques de la population de M. tuberculosis au Laos.Dans ce contexte, ce travail avait pour but d’analyser la diversité génétique et la structure des populations de M. tuberculosis ainsi que les déterminants génétiques associés à la résistance à partir d’échantillons collectés lors de l’enquête de prévalence nationale de la Tuberculose (TBPS) 2010-2011, l’enquête de résistance aux antituberculeux (DRS) 2016-2017 et chez les cas suspects de MDR-TB au Laos (2010-2014). Plusieurs techniques d’analyses ont été utilisées, comprenant les tests de sensibilité aux médicaments (phénotypique et génotypique), le séquençage et le génotypage par spoligotypage et MIRU-VNTR. Les données ont été analysées par des méthodes statistiques et phylogénétiques.Premièrement, ce travail s’est focalisé sur la diversité des familles de M. tuberculosis circulant au Laos. Les familles EAI et Beijing (76.7% et 14.4% respectivement) ont été principalement observées dans les échantillons de TBPS, alors que la famille Beijing était plus fréquente dans les échantillons de DRS et chez les patients suspectés de MDR-TB (35% et 41% respectivement). La transmission récente était non-négligeable avec un taux de « clustering » global de 11.9%, et des taux pour Beijing de 20 % et EAI de 11 %. Deuxièmement, les résultats ont révélé des profils de résistance très diverses allant de la mono-résistance jusqu’à la pré-XDR (ultrarésistance). Les mutations associées aux profils de résistance ont montré une grande diversité, avec cependant certaines mutations majeures dans les gènes rpoB, katG, et rpsL. Le gène pncA a montré un pattern différent avec de la diversité sans mutations prééminentes. En plus des mutations détectées, des délétions et insertions de bases ont été également observées. Le séquençage a montré son utilité pour la détection de la résistance aux antibiotiques dans les trois échantillons à l’étude. Enfin, la famille Beijing, famille la plus problématique au niveau mondial en termes de résistance et de transmissibilité, a été identifiée de manière significative dans le groupe de patients <35 ans, principalement dans les provinces du Nord, dans les cas de transmissions récentes et chez les isolats très résistants. Tous ces points suggèrent un risque d’émergence de la MDR-TB accrue au Laos dû à la famille Beijing.En conclusion, cette étude permet d’avoir pour la première fois un aperçu de la structure des populations de M. tuberculosis au Laos. Les résultats soulignent le risque d’augmentation du nombre de cas infectés par la famille Beijing et donc des cas de résistance. Pour empêcher une dégradation de la situation, il est essentiel d’améliorer les stratégies pour le dépistage des résistances et de développer des tests moléculaires capables de couvrir un large nombre de mutations qui soit simple à implémenter dans les pays à ressources limités. Les résultats de ce travail serviront de base en termes de famille/sous-famille/génotype et de mutations associées à la résistance au Laos. Ces données pourront être comparées avec de futures études/analyses pour étudier l’évolution de la TB et de la TB résistante et ainsi d’évaluer l’efficacité des politiques de contrôle mises en place. La description des mutations associées aux résistances est utilisée pour créer une base de données régionale en collaboration avec le Vietnam et le Cambodge pour développer un outil de diagnostic basé sur la technologie des puces à ADN pour améliorer la détection de la résistance dans la région. / Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide; the emergence/re-emergence of drug resistant TB aggravates the situation globally and challenges the prospect of ending TB by 2035. Lao PDR is surrounded by TB and MDR-TB high burden countries and TB continues to be one of the priority infection diseases in this country. The prevalence of TB in 2010 was almost twice as high than previous estimates and little is known about drug resistance. Up to now, M. tuberculosis population data regarding drug resistance and genetic structure are totally absent. In this context, we aimed to study the diversity and the structure of M. tuberculosis population and the genetic determinants associated to drug resistance using clinical samples collected from the TB prevalence survey (TBPS), 2010-2011; from the Drug resistance survey (DRS), 2016-2017 and from presumptive MDR-TB cases in Lao PDR (2010-2014). Various methods and analyses were used, including drug susceptibility testing (phenotypic and genotypic), DNA sequencing and genotyping of M. tuberculosis using spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR. The data were analyzed by statistical and phylogenetic analyses.Firstly, this work was focused on the diversity of M. tuberculosis families circulating in Lao PDR. According to the result form TBPS, EAI and Beijing family (76.7% and 14.4% respectively) were mainly observed, while Beijing family was more observed in DRS, and presumptive MDR-TB cases (35% and 41% respectively). The level of recent transmission in Lao PDR was non-negligible with a global clustering rate of 11.9% and in Beijing and EAI of 20% and 11%, respectively. Secondly, the results demonstrated the diversity of drug resistant patterns from mono-resistance to pre-extensively drug resistance (pre-XDR). A high diversity of mutations associated with drug resistance was also observed, however common mutations were mainly found (e.g: mutations in rpoB gene, katG and rpsL). The pattern was different for pncA gene, we observed a diversity of mutations without preeminent ones. Besides the number of known and unknown mutations associated with anti-TB drug resistance, deletion and insertion of bases were also observed. The sequencing showed its usefulness for drug resistance detection. Lastly, Beijing family, which is the more problematic family in the world in terms of resistance and transmissibility, was observed on a significant manner in young age group, mainly in the northern provinces, in recent transmission cases and among highly drug resistant isolates, suggesting an increasing risk of highly drug resistance TB due to highly transmissible Beijing strains in Lao PDR.In conclusion, this study provides the first genetic insights into the M. tuberculosis population in Lao PDR. The results underline the risk of increase of Beijing and drug resistant TB in the country. In order to prevent a more serious situation in the future regarding drug resistance as observed in neighboring countries, there is an urgent need of effective strategy improvement for drug resistance screening and the development of rapid molecular tests that cover a large number of drug resistance simultaneously with a feasible implementation in the limited resource countries. The results of genotyping from our study will be the baseline of families/subfamilies/genotype of M. tuberculosis population and of the mutations associated with drug resistance in Lao PDR. These data will be compared with further study/analysis to evaluate the trend of TB and drug resistant TB in the country and to determine if the drug resistance is under control after the set-up of new policies. The data of drug resistance associated mutations are used to build a regional database in collaboration with Vietnam and Cambodia in order to develop a diagnostic tool based on DNA chip technology to improve the drug resistance detection in the region.

Victors do not always write history. To date our knowledge of how the Pathet Lao seized power in Laos in 1975 has been based on accounts from those who witnessed events but who were not privy to the thinking and planning behind them. After the violent fall of Cambodia and Vietnam, the slow, relatively peaceful and seemingly dilatory takeover of power they observed did not equate with the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party’s assertion that its seizure of power was due to the “creative application of Marxism-Leninism to Lao conditions”. This work attempts to determine the accuracy of the Lao Party’s claim by using LPRP documents and written and verbal accounts, which reveal the strategic thinking and tactics behind the Lao Revolution. The piecing together of information drawn from many and varied sources that were directly involved, at last sheds some light on how a small, weak movement overthrew a government almost without violence. It also reveals that the LPRP carefully and deliberately planned and executed the peaceful formation of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic in December 1975 in a revolution that was unprecedented in the history of Marxist-Leninist revolutions.

The species of Amomum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam are revised. Thirty-five species and two varieties are recognised, all names are typified, and detailed descriptions and a key are provided. Nine new species are described and one species is validated. Whilst revising Amomum for the Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêtnam, we have proposed to conserve the name Amomum villosum Lour. with a recent collection from Laos, which was not included in the protologue, as its type. Our research on the use of Amomum focuses on the use of plants during pregnancy, parturition, postpartum recovery and infant healthcare among three ethnic groups, the Brou, Saek and Kry. The investigations aim to identify culturally important traditions that may facilitate implementation of culturally appropriate healthcare. Data were collected in Khammouane province, Lao PDR, through group and individual interviews with women by female interviewers. More than 55 plant species are used in women's healthcare, of which &gt; 90 % are used in postpartum recovery. This wealth of novel insights into plant use and preparation will help to understand culturally important practices such as confinement, dietary restrictions, mother roasting and herbal steam baths and their incorporation into modern healthcare. Through chemical analyses of Amomum we have recorded compounds with antimicrobial, analgesic and sedative effects that point to an empirical development of the traditional treatments around childbirth. Essential oils of three species used in hotbed and mother roasting, Amomum villosum Lour. Amomum microcarpum C.F.Liang &amp; D.Fang and Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. were found to contain significant amounts of the following terpenes: b-pinene, camphor, bornylacetate, borneol, linalool, D-limonene, fenchone, terpinen-4-ol and a-terpinene.

The focus of this dissertation is to study the star-forming regions of the interstellar medium (ISM), using two very diverse environments: the Polaris Flare, high-galactic latitude, cirrus cloud complex consisting of several starless molecular cores with no nearby hot stars; and the Orion Nebula, which is the closest massive star forming region. The two environments provide a wide range of physical conditions. It is commonly assumed that the Herschel far-infrared (FIR) fluxes are a good measure of column density, hence, mass of interstellar clouds. We find that the FIR fluxes are insensitive to the column density if AV ≳ 2. The Polaris Flare has been previously observed with the Herschel Space Telescope. We use Cloudy to model the molecular cores in MCLD 123.5+24.9 of the Polaris Flare. The Polaris Flare, 150 pc distant, is well within the Galactic disc. There are no nearby hot stars. Therefore, the cloud is illuminated by an external far-ultraviolet (FUV) flux (6-13 eV) due to the galactic background interstellar radiation field (ISRF). The dust grains absorb the incident FUV flux and re-emit in the FIR continuum emission. We use detailed grain models that suggest that the grains in dense regions are coated with water and ammonia ices, increasing their sizes and opacities. In our models, dust temperatures decline rapidly into the cloud. Therefore, the cloud interiors contribute very little additional FIR flux, leading to an underestimate of inferred column density. Cloudy also predicts mm-wavelength molecular lines for comparison with published observations. Our models suggest that at low temperatures (≲ 20K), molecules freeze-out on grain surfaces, and desorption by cosmic rays becomes important. Our models of inter-core regions in MCLD 123.5+24.9 significantly under predict molecular line strengths unless the gas is clumped into high-density regions. We use Cloudy to construct a detailed model of the Orion H ii region. This study is an improvement over the work of Baldwin et al. 1991 with the new atomic data and stellar atmosphere models, and a wealth of archival observational data obtained over last two decades. We use collisionally excited lines to determine the elemental abundance of the region.