This thesis describes the design of flight data recorder for UL aircraft. The theoretical part describes the basic principles of measurement of the quantities in relation to the operation of the aircraft, such as altitude, air speed. A separate chapter deals with systems for determining of GPS position. Furthermore, there are examples of instruments measuring these quantities. The practical part is focused on the description of selected components and their connection to PIC24FJ64GA004 microcontroller. This is followed by a description of the control of USB drives with USB Controller Vinculum-II. The work is finished by the functional test of the device.

Alors que les applications spatiales prennent une place de plus en plus cruciale dans nos vies, les coûts d'opération des satellites doivent être réduits. Ceci peut être obtenu par l'utilisation de systèmes de propulsion électriques, plus efficients que leurs homologues chimiques traditionnellement utilisés. Une des technologies de propulsion électrique la plus performante et la plus utilisée est le propulseur à effet Hall, toutefois ce système reste complexe et peu compris. En effet de nombreuses questions, concernant le transport anormal des électrons ou les interactions plasma/paroi, sont encore ouvertes.Les réponses à ces questions sont basées sur des mécanismes cinétiques et donc ne peuvent être résolues par des modèles fluides. De plus les caractéristiques géométriques et temporelles de ces mécanismes les rendent difficilement observables expérimentalement. Par conséquent nous avons, pour répondre à ces questions, développé un code cinétique bi-dimensionnel.Grâce à un modèle simplifié de propulseur à effet Hall, nous avons observé l'importance de l'instabilité de dérive électronique pour le transport anormal. Ensuite en utilisant un modèle réaliste de propulseur, nous avons pu étudier les effets des interactions plasma/paroi sur la décharge plasma. Nous avons également pu quantifier les effets intriqués des émissions électroniques secondaires et de l'instabilité de dérive sur le transport anormal. Par une étude paramétrique sur les émissions électroniques secondaires, nous avons pu identifier trois régimes de décharge plasma. Finalement l'impact des ergols alternatifs a pu être étudié en utilisant des processus collisionnels réalistes. / As space applications are increasingly crucial in our daily life, satellite operating costs need to be decreased. This can be achieved through the use of cost efficient electric propulsion systems. One of the most successful and competitive electric propulsion system is the Hall effect thruster, but this system is characterized by its complexity and remains poorly understood. Indeed some key questions, concerning electron anomalous transport or plasma/wall interactions, are still to be answered.Answers to both questions are based on kinetic mechanisms, and thus cannot be solved with fluid models. Furthermore the temporal and geometrical scales of these mechanisms make them difficult to be experimentally measured. Consequently we chose, in order to answer those questions, to develop a bi-dimensional fully kinetic simulation tool.Using a simplified simulation of the Hall effect thruster, we observed the importance of the azimuthal electron drift instability for anomalous cross-field electron transport. Then, using a realistic model of a Hall effect thruster, we were able to study the effects of plasma/wall interactions on the plasma discharge characteristics, as well as to quantify the coupled effects of secondary electron emission and electron drift instability on the anomalous transport. Through parametric study of secondary electron emission, three plasma discharge regimes were identified. Finally the impact of alternative propellants was studied.

Internet of Things (IoT) blir allt vanligare i dagens samhälle. Allt fler vardagsenheter blir uppkopplade mot det trådlösa nätet. För det krävs kostnadseffektiv datorkraft vilket medför att det kan vara gynnsamt att undersöka mikrokontroller och hur de skulle klara av detta arbete. Dessa kan ses som mindre kompakta datorer vilka trots sin storlek erbjuder en hel del prestanda. Denna studie avser att underrätta om något befintligt operativsystem kan fungera ihop med mikrokontrollern PIC18F452 samt hur många processer som kan köras parallellt givet MCU:ns begränsade minne. Olika metodval undersöktes och diskuterades för att avgöra vilken metod som skulle generera bäst resultat. En undersökning och flera experiment genomfördes för att kunna besvara dessa frågor. Experimenten krävde att en speciell utvecklingsmiljö installerades och att den generiska FreeRTOS distributionen porterades till både rätt processor och experimentkort. Porteringen lyckades och experimenten visade att frågeställningen kunde besvaras med ett ja - det går att köra ett realtidsoperativsystem på en MCU med enbart 1,5 kB RAM-minne. Under arbetets gång konstaterade också projektet att Amazon byggt sin IoTsatsning på FreeRTOS. De hade dock satsat på en mer kraftfull MCU. Satsningen ville därmed framhålla det som en mer framtidssäker inriktning. / Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more common in today's society. More and more everyday devices are connected to the wireless network. This requires costeffective computing power, which means that it can be beneficial to investigate the microcontroller and how they would cope with this task. These can be seen as smaller compact computers which despite their size offer a lot of performance. This study aims to inform if any existing operating system can work together with the microcontroller PIC18F452 and how many processes that can run in parallel given the MCU's limited memory. A survey and an experiment were conducted to answer these questions. Different choice of methods was investigated and discussed to determine which method would generate the best results. A survey and an experiment were conducted to answer these questions. The experiments required a special development environment to be installed and the generic FreeRTOS distribution was ported to both the correct processor and the experimental card. The porting succeeded and experiments showed that the research question could be answered with a yes. You can run a real-time operating system on an MCU with only 1,5 kB RAM memory. During the work, the project also found that Amazon built its IoT on FreeRTOS. However, they had invested in a more powerful MCU. The effort would thus emphasize it as a more future-proof approach.

The complexes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane in higher structural and functional complexes, so-called supercomplexes, which facilitates substrate channeling. ATP synthase is also able to organize in higher structures. In mammalian mitochondria, ATP synthase is usually present in a dimeric form. There is evidence of its trimerization and even tetramerization. Furthermore, it seems that ATP synthase catalyzing the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) ensuring the exchange of ADP for newly synthesized ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane and phosphate carrier (PiC) allowing the import of inorganic phosphate (Pi) into the matrix of mitochondria are assembled in a supercomplex called ATP synthasome. This association among the components of phosphorylative apparatus seems to increase the efficiency of processes leading to the ATP synthesis. First, we studied amounts of the components of phosphorylative apparatus in connection with various ATP synthase contents among mitochondria isolated from nine rat tissues. Mitochondrial proteins were separated by denaturing electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and their content was analyzed using specific antibodies. In agreement with our expectations, the highest content of...

A serinoprotease Pic é uma proteína autotransportadora que apresenta papel importante na colonização da mucosa intestinal por E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Uma cepa de E. coli enteropatogênica atípicas (aEPEC) albergando o gene pic foi detectada em um estudo prévio. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a proteína Pic produzida por essa cepa de aEPEC (BA589). O gene pic em BA589 está presente em um plasmídeo de alto peso molecular (~98 kb) e o sequenciamento desse gene mostrou identidade de 99% com pic de EAEC 042. Pic da cepa BA589 (Pic589) foi capaz de clivar mucina bovina, hemaglutinar eritrócitos de coelho e clivar moléculas das três vias sistema complemento. O mutante BA589Dpic todas essas atividades in vitro. A cepa selvagem foi capaz de colonizar o intestino de camundongos tratados com estreptomicina, o que não foi observado com o mutante BA589Dpic. Desta forma, a serinoprotease Pic representa um fator de virulência adicional na cepa de aEPEC BA589, relacionada às etapas de adesão, colonização e evasão do sistema imune inato. / The serine protease Pic is an autotransporter protein that plays an important role in the colonization of the intestinal mucosa by enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). An atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) strain harboring the pic gene has been detected in a previous study. The present study aimed to characterize the protein Pic produced by that aEPEC strain (BA589). In BA589 pic is located in a high molecular weight plasmid (~98 kb), and sequencing of this gene showed 99% identity with pic from EAEC 042. Pic from BA589 (Pic589) was able to cleave bovine mucin, hemagglutinate rabbit erythrocytes and cleave molecules of the three complement system pathways. The mutant BA589Dpic lost all these capacities. The wild type strain was able to colonize the intestine of streptomycin treated mice, which was not observed with the mutant BA589Dpic. Thus, the serine protease Pic represents an additional virulence factor in aEPEC strain BA589, associated with adherence, colonization and evasion of innate immune system.

De nos jours, les liaisons par fibres optiques monomode ou multimodes équipent de plus en plus de bâtiments, de lieux et sites de transports publics (gares, aéroports, autoroutes, ports ou plateformes multimodales). Ceci est dû au débit important qu’offre la fibre optique et à son atténuation très faible sur de longues distances. Afin de gérer au mieux la transmission au sein de la fibre optique, les performances de divers codes à une dimension 1D OOC et PC et deux dimensions 2D-MWOOC sur les récepteurs conventionnels ont été étudiées. Cependant, les performances obtenues restent limitées lorsque le nombre d’utilisateurs croit significativement. En ne tenant pas compte du bruit causé par les composants du système, la dégradation des performances est principalement due aux interférences d’accès multiples (IAM). De ce fait, nous proposons dans le cadre de cette thèse d’optimiser les performances du récepteur PIC en ajoutant un facteur de compensation qui permet de réduire au mieux les interférences d’accès multiples. Ceci est étudié avec les codes optiques à deux dimensions 2D-PC/PC que nous générons. Des expérimentations sur un banc d’essai optique en laboratoire sont effectuées pour illustrer la mise en oeuvre de multiservices. Une validation de certains résultats théoriques est également menée sur un simulateur dédié. / Nowadays, public transport spaces (train stations, airports, highways, ports or multimodal platforms) and buildings are being more and more equipped by single mode or multimode optical fibers. The high throughput offered and the very low attenuation over long distances proposed by optical fiber are indeed very promising. For a better management of optical fiber transmissions, the performance of various one-dimensional 1D OOC and PC codes, and twodimensional2D- MWOOC codes on conventional receivers have been previously studied.These studies show that a good level of performance is only available to a restricted number of users. Assuming noiseless components in the system, the performance degradation is mainly due to multiple access interference (MAI). Therefore, we propose in this thesis to optimize the performance of PIC receivers by adding a compensation factor that can best reduce the MAI. This is studied with two-dimensional optical codes 2D-PC/PC that we have generated. Experiments on a laboratory test bench were made to implement multiple services. The theoretical studies and the channel optical transmission simulations were also validated by using a dedicated simulator tool.

Anders Sjöblom och Mats Larson är två golfspelare och ingår som beställare till detta projekt. De har kommit fram med ett koncept för en golfvagn som automatiskt följer användaren. Denne bär en kompakt GPS och Bluetooth enhet som kommunicerar med en mikroprocessor monterad på vagnen. Kommunikationen sker över Bluetooth och mikroprocessorn beräknar den optimala färdvägen utifrån insamlade GPS‐data och styr vagnens två motorer, en för varje hjul. Vagnen har även två knappar för styrning av funktionerna som systemet tillhandhåller. Dessa är AV/PÅ som stänger av/startar systemet, PAUS/FORTSÄTT som stannar vagnen när föraren vill röra sig fritt utan att logga sin position och vid Fortsätt börjar vagnen följa användaren igen. Själva vagnen finns redan som en färdig produkt, dock med begränsade möjligheter till styrning, den kan endast röra sig rakt fram. Det är kritiskt att vagnen följer samma väg som användaren, dvs. systemet skall inte försöka beräkna den snabbaste eller effektivaste vägen, eftersom det kan finnas hinder där. / Anders Sjöblom and Mats Larson are two golf players that have come up with a concept for a golf cart which automatically follows the player, who carries a compact GPS and Bluetooth unit enabled to communicate with a microprocessor mounted on the cart. Bluetooth is used as a wireless communication protocol and the microprocessor calculates optimal path from the recorded GPS‐data and runs the cart‐fitted engines, one for each wheel. The cart is also equipped with two push‐ buttons for user interaction. One is ON/OFF which starts and shuts‐ down the system, and PAUSE/CONTINUE which puts the cart on hold or re‐enables the following function. The cart is available to buy as a product, but with very limited steering functionality, it can only move forward. It is critical that the cart takes exactly the same route as the player and the system should not try to calculate the fastest or most efficient route because obstacles can occur.

Made available in DSpace on 2008-10-20T20:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2006FortunatoFerraz.pdf: 372344 bytes, checksum: be8f50ae9d711993f8ed343a90c87952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-07T00:00:00Z / The present thesis emphasises the need for an aproach among public education instituitions and listed heritage through an analytic conception. It also focuses the enhancement of a dormant identity among students and the heritage, developing their knowledge, skill, attitude and proper evaluation through the teaching of its significance. As shown in the survey of teachers of some units of Pedro II High School, students affiliated to the PIC-JUNIOR program, a joint commitment with the National Museum, authorities and officials of both instituitions allocated for contact with the public on the construction and listed parks, the activity motivates opinions and concern required to debate the enhancement of the heritage as an educational instrument. Along the same way, mapping expresses the concern of students, teachers and authorities as for the need to create links to aproach schools and listed heritage. Thus we propose the implementation of a civic, educational and cultural to be acomplished through a partnership with all related parts inspired with the same concern in active synergy. Accomplishing such formulations, the thesis maintains the significance of the heritage as well as the build-up of social identities, in accordance with the references of equity, law abiding, social justice, citzenship and public space. So that the stage for such achievements is formed by the instituitions, constructions as well as the abovementioned protagonists. At last, a special emphasis is given to a basic project envolving heritage education, to enable entrants to a knowledge of the listed heritage increasing those of the history of such heritage in the capacity of agents to reproduce their experience to their classmates, friends, family and the community they belong to. / Este trabalho busca colocar em foco a necessidade do estreitamento dos laços entre instituições educacionais públicas e bens tombados. Mostra ainda que seus efeitos fortalecem o latente sentimento de pertencimento - existente nos jovens alunos com relação a esses tombados - ampliam conhecimento, desenvolvem sua capacidade, atitude e valores por meio da educação patrimonial.Como apresenta a pesquisa aplicada aos professores de algumas unidades do Colégio PII, aos alunos pertencentes ao programa PIC-JUNIOR - realizado em parceria com o Museu Nacional - às autoridades das respectivas instituições e funcionários do Museu que atendem ao público na construção e parque tombados, o trabalho levanta opiniões e interesses necessários à realização de um debate sobre a valorização do patrimônio como recurso educacional.Nessa linha de desenvolvimento ganha realce o mapeamento que expressa o interesse dos alunos, professores e autoridades quanto à necessidade da construção de vínculos de aproximação entre instituições escolares e as existentes em bens tombados. Propõe-se, então, a realização de um projeto cívico, educacional e cultural que, no entanto, só se tornará possível por meio de parcerias onde todos os envolvidos, dotados de sentimento público, colaborem ativamente no objetivo.Consubstanciando tais formulações o trabalho investe na valorização dos bens patrimoniais, bem como na construção de identidades sociais, coerentes com referenciais de igualdade, direito, justiça social, cidadania e espaço público. Para tanto o palco inicial às articulação são as instituições, construções bem como os protagonistas citados.Finalmente recebe destaque um projeto básico envolvendo educação patrimonial, cuja formação confere aos participantes conhecimentos sobre bens tombados, ampliando os da história do patrimônio em questão, capacitando-os com agentes multiplicadores, que passam esse saber a colegas de aula, amigos, familiares e às comunidades que pertencem.Palavras chave: Bens patrimoniais, escolas públicas, educação patrimonial, Programa PIC-JUNIOR.

A serinoprotease Pic é uma proteína autotransportadora que apresenta papel importante na colonização da mucosa intestinal por E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Uma cepa de E. coli enteropatogênica atípicas (aEPEC) albergando o gene pic foi detectada em um estudo prévio. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a proteína Pic produzida por essa cepa de aEPEC (BA589). O gene pic em BA589 está presente em um plasmídeo de alto peso molecular (~98 kb) e o sequenciamento desse gene mostrou identidade de 99% com pic de EAEC 042. Pic da cepa BA589 (Pic589) foi capaz de clivar mucina bovina, hemaglutinar eritrócitos de coelho e clivar moléculas das três vias sistema complemento. O mutante BA589Dpic todas essas atividades in vitro. A cepa selvagem foi capaz de colonizar o intestino de camundongos tratados com estreptomicina, o que não foi observado com o mutante BA589Dpic. Desta forma, a serinoprotease Pic representa um fator de virulência adicional na cepa de aEPEC BA589, relacionada às etapas de adesão, colonização e evasão do sistema imune inato. / The serine protease Pic is an autotransporter protein that plays an important role in the colonization of the intestinal mucosa by enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). An atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) strain harboring the pic gene has been detected in a previous study. The present study aimed to characterize the protein Pic produced by that aEPEC strain (BA589). In BA589 pic is located in a high molecular weight plasmid (~98 kb), and sequencing of this gene showed 99% identity with pic from EAEC 042. Pic from BA589 (Pic589) was able to cleave bovine mucin, hemagglutinate rabbit erythrocytes and cleave molecules of the three complement system pathways. The mutant BA589Dpic lost all these capacities. The wild type strain was able to colonize the intestine of streptomycin treated mice, which was not observed with the mutant BA589Dpic. Thus, the serine protease Pic represents an additional virulence factor in aEPEC strain BA589, associated with adherence, colonization and evasion of innate immune system.

Un code de simulation de plasma à deux dimensions électrostatique à coordonnées cartésiennes Particle-in-cell/ Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) est présenté, incluant un nouveau traitement de l'équilibre des charges aux limites diélectriques. Il est utilisé pour simuler un plasma dans le gaz Ar dans un réacteur à plaques parallèles à couplage capacitif à radiofréquence a géométrie symétrique avec une paroi latérale diélectrique épaisse. La paroi latérale diélectrique protège efficacement le plasma du champ électrique augmenté au niveau de la jonction entre l'électrode alimentée et l'électrode à la masse, dont on a montré précédemment qu'elle produisait une augmentation localise de la densité de plasma. Néanmoins, un réchauffement accru des électrons est observé dans une région adjacente à la limite diélectrique, conduisant à des maxima de le taux d'ionisation, de la densité du plasma et du flux ionique vers les électrodes dans cette région. Les différents composants du chauffage électronique sont dérivés des simulations PIC/MCC et montrent que cette augmentation du chauffage électronique provient d'un chauffage ohmique accru dans la direction axiale lorsque la densité électronique diminue vers la paroi latérale. Nous avons étudié la validité de différentes formules analytiques pour estimer le chauffage ohmique en les comparant aux résultats PIC. Le chauffage des électrons à composantes x a proximité des coins a été observé aux fréquences d'excitation plus élevées, provenant d'un champ RF oscillant important dans la direction x. / A Cartesian-coordinate two-dimensional electrostatic Particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) plasma simulation code is presented, including a new treatment of charge balance at dielectric boundaries. It is used to simulate an Ar plasma in a symmetric radiofrequency capacitively-coupled parallel-plate reactor with a thick dielectric side-wall. The dielectric side-wall effectively shields the plasma from the enhanced electric field at the powered-grounded electrode junction, which has previously been shown to produce locally enhanced plasma density. Nevertheless, enhanced electron heating is observed in a region adjacent to the dielectric boundary, leading to maxima in ionization rate, plasma density and ion flux to the electrodes in this region. The electron heating components are derived from the PIC/MCC simulations and show that this enhanced electron heating results from increased Ohmic heating in the axial direction as the electron density decreases towards the side-wall. We investigated the validity of different analytical formulas to estimate the Ohmic heating by comparing them to the PIC results. The x component electron heating near the corners was observed at higher driving frequency, which is caused by a significant RF oscillating field in the x direction.