The Amaryllidaceae class of alkaloids have been isolated from various species of Amaryllidaceae. In intramolecular radical cyclization, we used three methods to synthesize Amaryllidaceae.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-13T11:27:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Cristiany Oliveira Bernardo.pdf: 1740458 bytes, checksum: ae55b89b5f70448972ad5987c95450b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T11:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Cristiany Oliveira Bernardo.pdf: 1740458 bytes, checksum: ae55b89b5f70448972ad5987c95450b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Among the different possibilities of use in the food industry, ultrasound can be considered an alternative to substitute or reduce the use of chemicals in extraction processes or modification of starches. When used in the extraction, enables higher purity of the obtained starch. The starch-the-air yam has physical characteristics desirable for applications such as thickening agent or disintegrating tablet formulations, for example, however, this extraction is hindered by the presence starch mucilage this tubercle. The aim of this study was to review the effect of ultrasound on the extraction and modification of several starches, evaluate their use in starch extraction of yam and its impact on characteristics this starch. After evaluating the chemical composition of tubers, previously washed, peeled and crushed in a blender. Then the crushed sample subjected to ultrasound. Different times (3, 6 to 9 minutes) and amplitudes (12, 40 and 68%) were evaluated by the Box Benker experimental design, furthermore evaluated the control treatment (0% amplitude) and ?T6? (15 minutes, 70% amplitude), totaling 7 treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and control). After sonication, the suspension was filtered and the extraction continued by successive washings, centrifugation and drying in an oven. After evaluating the performance of the extraction, the different treatments were characterized by analysis of chemical composition, instrumental analysis of color, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, particle size, pattern of crystallinity, swelling power and solubility, paste clarity, paste properties and thermal properties and absolute density. There was increase in yield of 29,85% (control) to 32,09%, when used longer time and amplitude (15 min and 70% amplitude). The ultrasound caused damage to the surface of starch and reduced starch crystallinity peak, characterized as type B. Additionally, increased swelling power and consequently the paste viscosity of some treatments. However, 15 minutes, 70% amplitude (T6), reduced the swelling power, the paste viscosity and paste clarity and increased the setback. Therefore, despite the small increase in yield, when used ultrasound during extraction, damage was caused in the structure of starch, as well as changes in its physical and chemical characteristics / Dentre as diferentes possibilidades de utiliza??o na ind?stria de alimentos, o ultrassom pode ser considerado uma alternativa para substituir ou reduzir a utiliza??o de subst?ncias qu?micas em processos de extra??o ou modifica??o de amidos. Quando utilizado na extra??o, possibilita maior pureza do amido obtido. O amido de car?-do-ar possui caracter?sticas f?sicas desej?veis para aplica??es como agente espessante ou desintegrante em formula??es de comprimidos, por exemplo. No entanto, a extra??o desse amido ? dificultada pela presen?a de mucilagem nesse tub?rculo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar o efeito do ultrassom na extra??o e modifica??o de diversos amidos, como milho, arroz, mandioca, batata, entre outros, avaliar sua utiliza??o na extra??o do amido de car?-do-ar e seu impacto sobre as caracter?sticas desse amido. Ap?s avaliar a composi??o centesimal do car?-do-ar, o mesmo foi lavado, descascados e triturados em liquidificador. Em seguida a amostra triturada foi submetida ao ultrassom. Diferentes tempos (3, 6 e 9 minutos) e amplitudes (12, 40 e 68%) foram avaliados por meio do planejamento experimental Box Benker. Al?m desses foram avaliados os tratamentos controle (0% amplitude) e T6 (15 minutos, 70% amplitude), totalizando 7 tratamentos (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 e controle). A extra??o prosseguiu por meio de filtra??o, lavagens sucessivas, centrifuga??o e secagem em estufa. Ap?s avaliar o rendimento da extra??o, os diferentes tratamentos foram caracterizados por meio das an?lises de composi??o centesimal, an?lise instrumental de cor, poder de inchamento e solubilidade, claridade de pasta, determina??o das propriedades t?rmicas e propriedades de pasta, padr?o de cristalinidade, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, microscopia ?ptica, determina??o do tamanho de part?cula e densidade absoluta do amido. Houve aumento do rendimento de 29,85% (controle) para 32,09%, quando utilizado o maior tempo e amplitude (15 min e 70% amplitude). O ultrassom provocou danos na superf?cie do amido e reduziu os picos de cristalinidade do amido, caracterizados como tipo B. Al?m disso, aumentou o poder de inchamento e consequentemente a viscosidade de pasta de alguns tratamentos. No entanto, 15 minutos e 70% de amplitude (T6), do tratamento com ultrassom, reduziu o poder de inchamento, a viscosidade de pasta e a claridade de pasta e aumentou a tend?ncia ? retrograda??o. Dessa forma, apesar do pequeno aumento do rendimento quando utilizado o ultrassom durante a extra??o, danos foram provocados na estrutura desse amido, assim como altera??es das suas caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T19:31:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMirandaCabral_TESE.pdf: 6365210 bytes, checksum: 82d82db05530ac0319ed9de4c089f191 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-06T21:16:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMirandaCabral_TESE.pdf: 6365210 bytes, checksum: 82d82db05530ac0319ed9de4c089f191 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T21:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMirandaCabral_TESE.pdf: 6365210 bytes, checksum: 82d82db05530ac0319ed9de4c089f191 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / A Benzilpenicilina (PENG) ? usada como princ?pio ativo em medicamentos veterin?rios, para aumentara produtividade pecu?ria, devido suas propriedades terap?uticas. Este antibi?tico ? indicado para controle de infec??es em animais produtores de alimentos, como bovinos e caprinos. Por?m, quando s?o de m? qualidade e utilizados indiscriminadamente, resultam em res?duos nos alimentos expostos ao consumo humano, principalmente, no leite que ? essencial para dieta das popula??es de crian?as e idosos. Assim, ? imprescind?vel que se desenvolvam novos m?todos capazes de detectar os res?duos nesse alimento, em n?veis que s?o nefastos a sa?de humana, a fim de contribuir com a seguran?a alimentar dos consumidores e colaborar com as ag?ncias reguladoras numa fiscaliza??o eficiente. Este trabalho oferece um novo m?todo, para determina??ode res?duos dos antibi?ticos. Aqui, mostramos duas etapas para controle anal?tico, na primeira ? constatado, pelas medidas das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas, a identidade e qualidade desses f?rmacos, comercialmente distribu?dos. Na segunda etapa, foi desenvolvido e validado um novo m?todo para extra??o, identifica??o e quantifica??o de PENG utilizando Cromatografia liquida ultra-r?pida acoplada a arranjo linear de fotodiodos (UFLC-DAD). Este m?todo foi aplicado em amostras de leite ultrapasterizado bovino (m?todo 1) e caprino (m?todo 2). O m?todo 1 apresentou limite de detec??o (LD) 7,246 ? 10-4?g mL-1. Limite de quantifica??o (LQ) 2,196 ? 10-3?g mL-1. O m?todo 2 apresentou LD de 8,251 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LQ de 2,5270 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. Os resultados mostraram concord?ncia com o limite m?ximo de res?duos (LMR)de 4 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1em 88% para leite bovino e 85% para leite caprino. Os m?todos desenvolvidos se apresentam como uma excelente ferramenta a ser utilizada na investiga??o dos res?duos de antibi?ticos em leite. Sobretudo porque os procedimentos desenvolvidos apresentaram simplicidade, seletividade, reduzido tempo de an?lise e consumo de reagentes e solventes t?xicos, se comparados ?s metodologias j? estabelecidas. / The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 ? 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ? C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ? 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ? 8 ? 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 ?g Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 ? 10-4 ?g mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 ? 10-3 ?g mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SaniaMBAF.pdf: 3070934 bytes, checksum: 722dda15cd04d9eb4986b09211186f20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Geopolymers are cementing materials that depict a number of advantages compared to Portland cement. Contrary to the latter, geopolymers are synthesized at room temperature, thus significantly reducing the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. Moreover, the composition and synthesis reactions can be tailored to adjust the setting time of the material as well as its compressive mechanical strength. It is then possible to produce geopolymeric cements with short setting times and high compressive strength, although relatively brittle. The objective of the present study was to produce and characterize composite materials by reinforcing fastsetting geopolymeric matrixes with polypropylene geosynthetics (geomats and geotextiles) in an attempt to improve the toughness and tensile strength of the cementing material. Geosynthetics have been increasingly used to reinforce engineering structures, providing higher strength and better toughness. In particular, polypropylene nonwoven and geomats depict other attractive properties such as low density, durability, impact absorption and resistance to abrasion. Fast-setting geopolymers were then synthesized and reinforced with polypropylene nonwoven and geomats. The mechanical strength of the materials, reinforced or not, was characterized. The results showed that relatively short setting times and adequate flowing behavior were achieved by adjusting the composition of the geopolymer. In addition, it is possible to improve the fracture resistance of geopolymeric cements by adding polypropylene geosynthetics. The best results were achieved by reinforcing geopolymer with polypropylene TNT / Geopol?meros s?o materiais cimentantes que apresentam uma s?rie de vantagens quando comparados ao cimento Portland. Ao contr?rio deste, a s?ntese de geopol?meros ? feita em temperaturas pr?ximas da ambiente, reduzindo significativamente a emiss?o de CO2 para a atmosfera. Al?m disso, tanto a composi??o quanto ?s condi??es das rea??es de s?ntese podem ser ajustadas para que os materiais resultantes tenham o tempo de pega e as propriedades mec?nicas desejadas. Desta forma, ? poss?vel produzir geopol?meros de pega r?pida e com resist?ncias mec?nicas relativamente altas, embora seu comportamento seja intrinsecamente fr?gil. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a produ??o e as propriedades de comp?sitos produzidos a partir do refor?o de matrizes geopolim?ricas com polipropileno, a fim de reduzir o car?ter fr?gil dos materiais. Para esta finalidade foram empregados geosint?ticos (geot?xteis e geomanta) de polipropileno. Esses materiais t?m sido amplamente utilizados com refor?o estrutural, proporcionando maiores resist?ncias ? tra??o e tenacidade. Em particular, tecidos n?o tecidos e geomantas de polipropileno apresentam outras propriedades atraentes como baixa densidade, durabilidade, absor??o ao impacto e resist?ncia ? abras?o. Geopol?meros de pega r?pida foram sintetizados e refor?ados com tecido n?o tecido e geomanta de polipropileno. A resist?ncia mec?nica dos geopol?meros, com e sem refor?o, foi avaliada. Os resultados mostraram que o ajuste na formula??o do geopol?mero permitiu produzir pastas com tempos de pega relativamente curtos e ao mesmo tempo, mant?-las com a fluidez necess?ria para o recebimento do refor?o. Comprovou-se que a presen?a de geosint?ticos aumentou a energia de fratura do geopol?mero, sendo que os melhores resultados foram alcan?ados com refor?o de TNT

Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-26T16:09:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Eng. Piedade.pdf: 6225051 bytes, checksum: c7f77823a538300959734acada65a861 (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido a 1) Arquivo PDF sem capa institucional. 2) Na primeira e segunda folha do arquivo PDF, o nome do autor est? incompleto. Na ficha catalogr?fica e publica??o enviada est? completo. 3) Nome e descri??o do arquivo na publica??o est?o em desacordo com o manual enviado. on 2017-11-07T13:03:14Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-08T17:01:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 final para entrega com capa.pdf: 6291908 bytes, checksum: a447082574d55fe4709b55f1c2da38fb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-17T12:16:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 final para entrega com capa.pdf: 6291908 bytes, checksum: a447082574d55fe4709b55f1c2da38fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T12:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final para entrega com capa.pdf: 6291908 bytes, checksum: a447082574d55fe4709b55f1c2da38fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Quasicrystals are materials that have unusual characteristics, they can not be described as crystalline, for not having long-range order, or as amorphous, have medium-range structure. Some Al-Cu-Fe family alloys presents quasicrystalline phases when have rapidly solidification. In order to obtain this alloy, ingots of the Al65Cu35-xFex family were casted with x=6 (atomic), initially in a standard mold with solidification equilibrium. To provide samples with different cooling rates, the alloy was cast in a stepped mold, containing six different steps, resulting in samples out of equilibrium state (rapidly solidification). For the analysis of the cooling curves, the CACC-TA technique was used, with cooling rates varying from170 to 540?C / s, which were obtained by dT/dt. Analyzes by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectrometry (EDS), show microstructure with faceted dendrites, lamellar interdendritic formations and pentagonal precipitates (IQC). The Vickers microhardness ranged from 4.09 to 7.22 GPa and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved by characteristic diffractograms the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase formation. / Os quasicristais s?o materiais que apresentam caracter?sticas incomuns, pois n?o podem ser descritos como cristalinos, por n?o apresentarem ordem de longo alcance, nem como amorfos, apresentam estrutura de m?dio alcance. Algumas ligas da fam?lia Al-Cu-Fe apresentam fases quasicristalinas quando rapidamente solidificadas. Para obter-se esta liga, foram fundidos lingotes da fam?lia Al65Cu35-xFex com x=6 (at?mico), inicialmente em um molde padr?o com solidifica??o em estado de equil?brio. Para proporcionar amostras com taxas de resfriamento variadas, a liga foi vazada em um molde escalonado, contendo seis cavidades diferentes, resultando em amostras solidificadas fora do estado de equil?brio (solidifica??o r?pida). Para an?lise das curvas de resfriamento utilizou- se a t?cnica CACC-TA, com taxas de resfriamento variando entre 170 e 540?C/s, que foram obtidas por meio de dT/dt. An?lises por microscopia ?ptica, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), espectrometria por energia dispersiva (EDS), mostram microestrutura com dendritas facetadas, forma??es interdendr?ticas lamelares e precipitados pentagonais (IQC). A microdureza Vickers variou entre 417 HV e 736 HV (4,09 e 7,22 GPa) e a difra??o de raios X (DRX) comprovou por meio de difratogramas caracter?sticos a forma??o de fase quasicristalina icosa?drica.

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-11-03T12:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaFerreiraCamarcoDissertacao2016.pdf: 487096 bytes, checksum: 541fd08fa9f79c48d28bb15be0b9861d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T12:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaFerreiraCamarcoDissertacao2016.pdf: 487096 bytes, checksum: 541fd08fa9f79c48d28bb15be0b9861d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-11 / MMA championships are bounded by weight category. Athletes re usually mantain bodyweight above the limit of category and pratice rapid wight loss for the weight-in moment, with subsequent weight regain until the moment of the combat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate hidration status, immue parameters, and isometric strenght in professional MMA fighters who underwent smaller (group 1, n = 6) or greater (group 2, n = 6 ) rapid weight loss in two momwnts: at weigh-in and immediately prior to the competition. We used blood tests to quantify the total and differential leukocyte count,, handgrip strength test and verified variation among the usual weight and weight at the time of the fight. Groups were divided establishing percentile 50%, considering delta perceptual of weight loss from the usual weight and weigh-in weight. Even after verify normality of the sample distributionby the Shapiro-Wilk test, we decided to use non-parametric statistical analysis, given the fact the sample size. We used Mann-Whitney test to verify thedifference between groups and Wilcoxon test to verify the difference between moments. . Values are expressed as median, mean ?? standard deviation. The median and the average percentage of weight loss delta are statistically different between the groups (p???0,05). Group 1: median = 5.54, mean = 6.45 ?? 3.98%, and Group 2: median = 12, 99, mean = 14.23 ?? 2.52%. The groups are homogeneous in the following variables: age (Group 1: median = 22, mean = 26.5 ?? 11.30 years; Group 2: median = 27, mean = 27.5 ?? 2.35 years); height (Group 1: median 174.5, mean = 176.8 ?? 0.06 cm; Group 2: median = 176, mean = 177.2 ?? 0.04 cm); BMI (Group 1: median = 25.17, mean = 25.23 ?? 2.71 kg / m 2, Group 2: median = 25, 06, mean = 25.54 ?? 1.26 kg / m2) body weight (Group 1: median 78.5, mean = 78.67 ?? 6.15 kg; Group 2: median 79.0, mean = 80.17 ?? 4,83kg). Between groups, we observed total leukocytes decreased in Group 1 (median = 8850, 11450 = maximum value, minimum value = 4850, mean = 8408.44 ?? 2585.6 mm3) compared to Group 2 ( median = 8300, maximum = 17400, minimum value = 4200, mean = 9208.3 ?? 4732.1 mm3) at the of weigh-in, with statistically significant difference (p <0.05).No significant differences between groups and moments were found for neutrophils, lymphocytes and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed on absolute and relative isometric handgrip strength between groups and moments. In conclusion, greater rapid wight loss can transiently downregulate immune parameters. We elucidate the needin of rules to determinate maximum values of weight loss and regain prior to championships. / As competi????es de MMA s??o delimitadas por categorias de peso. Grande parte dos atletas costuma manter seu peso corporal usual acima do limite da categoria que lutam, perdendo grande quantidade de peso para a pesagem, com subsequente recupera????o do peso perdido at?? o momento da luta. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, no momento da pesagem e imediatamente anterior ?? competi????o, a hidrata????o, par??metros imunes, e desempenho em lutadores profissionais de MMA que realizaram perda de peso r??pida pr??-competitiva, em menor (Grupo 1, n = 6) ou maior (Grupo 2, n = 6) escala, por meio de an??lises sangu??neas para quantifica????o total e diferencial de leuc??citos, for??a de preens??o palmar e varia????o entre o peso usual e peso no momento da luta. A divis??o dos grupos foi feita estabelecendo percentil 50%, considerando o delta percentual de perda de peso entre o peso usual e peso de pesagem. Mesmo ap??s verifica????o da normalidade da distribui????o da amostra por meio do teste Shapiro Wilk optou-se por utilizar an??lise estat??stica n??o param??trica U de Mann-Whitney para verificar a diferen??a de m??dias entre os grupos e teste de Wilcoxon para verificar a diferen??a entre momentos, haja visto o tamanho da amostra. Os valores est??o expressos em mediana, m??dia ?? desvio padr??o. As medianas e as m??dias do delta percentual de perda de peso foram estatisticamente diferentes (p???0,05) entre os grupos, sendo que no Grupo 1: mediana = 5,54, m??dia = 6,45 ?? 3,98% e no Grupo 2: mediana = 12,99, m??dia = 14,23 ?? 2,52%. Os grupos apresentam valores homog??neos nas seguintes vari??veis: idade (Grupo 1: mediana = 22, m??dia = 26,5 ?? 11,30 anos; Grupo 2: mediana = 27, m??dia = 27,5 ?? 2,35 anos); estatura (Grupo 1: mediana = 174,5, m??dia = 176,8 ?? 0,06 cm; Grupo 2: mediana = 176, m??dia = 177,2 ?? 0,04 cm); IMC (Grupo 1: mediana = 25,17, m??dia = 25,23 ?? 2,71 kg/m2; Grupo 2: mediana = 25, 06, m??dia = 25,54 ?? 1,26 kg/m2), peso corporal usual (Grupo 1:mediana = 78,5, m??dia = 78,67 ?? 6,15 kg; Grupo 2:mediana = 79,0, m??dia = 80,17 ?? 4,83kg). Em compara????o entre os dois grupos, observou-se valores de leuc??citos totais diminu??dos no Grupo 1 (mediana = 8850, valor m??ximo = 11450, valor m??nimo = 4850, m??dia = 8408,44 ?? 2585,6 mm3) em rela????o ao Grupo 2 (mediana = 8300, valor m??ximo = 17400, valor m??nimo = 4200, m??dia = 9208,3 ?? 4732,1 mm3), no momento da pesagem, com diferen??a estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) para os testes n??o param??tricos. Nos neutr??filos, linf??citos e raz??o neutr??filo/linf??cito n??o foram observadas diferen??as significativas entre os grupos e momentos. N??o foram observadas diferen??as significativas na for??a de preens??o palmar absoluta e relativa no dia da pesagem e luta entre os grupos nos momentos. Conclui-se que a perda de peso r??pida pode influenciar par??metros imunes de forma transit??ria. Salienta-se a import??ncia de regras que determinem valores m??ximos de perda e recupera????o de peso nos campeonatos.

Ce travail consacré aux risques dans les territoires touristiques de montagne propose une analyse de l'action de gestion dans la complexité de sa mise en œuvre. Pour ce faire cette recherche s'inscrit dans une approche endogène du risque, en questionnant l'offre de gestion, c'est-à-dire la réponse au problème collectif qu'il constitue. En prenant plus particulièrement appui sur la question du risque d'avalanches dans différentes communes supports de station de sports d'hiver de l'arc alpin français, deux axes d'analyse complémentaires sont proposés. Le premier vise la description des modalités pratiques de l'action publique relative au risque dans les territoires touristiques. Le second propose de se pencher sur certains facteurs actifs de vulnérabilité liés aux modalités de gestion observées. <br />En matière de risque d'avalanches, la vulnérabilité désigne classiquement les éléments passifs exposés aux phénomènes : espaces urbanisés, infrastructures routières, domaines skiables. Toutefois dans une acception active, la vulnérabilité peut aussi couvrir un champ d'analyse plus large, lorsqu'elle permet de questionner les logiques et dynamiques de gestion dans leurs contextes territoriaux de mise en œuvre. Cette gestion se structure autour de dispositifs multiples à l'échelle locale qui impliquent différentes sphères d'acteurs : locales / nationales, publiques / privées, politiques, techniques, civiles, économiques,...<br /><br />L'analyse des scènes de risques propose une description comparée des modalités d'engagement des acteurs dans l'action structurée autour des grands cadres d'action que sont le PPR ou le PIDA. Pour ce faire une analyse empirique est menée sur 7 communes supports de station de sports d'hiver, situées dans l'arc alpin français. Sur chacun des sites, les conditions particulières de mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs sont caractérisées et mises en parallèle. L'attention est portée sur la réalité des pratiques et diversité des situations de gestion auxquelles les protagonistes de l'action sont confrontés pour un même dispositif de gestion. Par ailleurs, en complément des cadres d'action classiques, existent d'autres formes de réponse collective au risque. Il s'agit d'initiatives, de politiques, de dispositifs préventifs portés par les acteurs territoriaux qui expriment parfois une autre vision du risque et de la réponse à lui apporter.<br /><br />Parallèlement à ces analyses centrées sur les modalités de gestion, un questionnement sur la vulnérabilité même de certaines modalités de gestion dans ces territoires est proposé. La fragilité, mais aussi les limites relatives au pilotage de certains dispositifs sont ainsi considérées. Il s'agit ici de replacer la question du risque au centre du débat politique et collectif de ces territoires. Nous pointons ainsi le poids de la dimension technique dans les pratiques de gestion, occultant parfois la question du sens de l'action. Nous pointons également à cette occasion l'accentuation de certains décalages et décrochements au sein de l'action de gestion, entre les acteurs en responsabilité ou bénéficiaires des dispositifs et ceux en charge de les mettre en œuvre.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoJMC_TESE.pdf: 4090837 bytes, checksum: c86bb775317f1faa46b14511be554257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-02 / In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Sch?n (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference / Na pr?tica do ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil, verifica-se a exist?ncia de laborat?rios e oficinas de maquetes, reconhecidas pela legisla??o educacional como parte da infraestrutura necess?ria para o funcionamento de um curso. Embora a evolu??o da tecnologia da informa??o no ?mbito internacional disponibilize novas possibilidades para a produ??o digital de maquetes e modelos de Arquitetura com pesquisas produzidas desde o in?cio da d?cada de 1990, no Brasil essas tecnologias s? come?aram a ser apropriadas pelo ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo a partir de 2007 com a experi?ncia pioneira do LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. Trata-se, portanto de uma experi?ncia recente e que evidencia a desafios. Por exemplo: (i) s?o raros os casos de implanta??o de laborat?rios de prototipagem digital em cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Pa?s; (ii) por ser um campo em desenvolvimento com poucas refer?ncias de aplica??es na gradua??o, h? dificuldades na defini??o de procedimentos metodol?gicos que sejam adequados aos projetos pedag?gicos j? implantados e consolidados; (iii) as novas formas digitais de produ??o de modelos tridimensionais cont?m especificidades que dificultam a compatibiliza??o com as estruturas de laborat?rios e oficinas de maquetes j? existentes. Considerando o exposto, na presente tese se discute o modelo tridimensional como instrumento auxiliar no desenvolvimento da capacidade do estudante de perceber, compreender e representar o espa?o tridimensional. Analisa-se a rela??o entre diferentes formas de modelos e o ensino de projeto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo com interesse no processo projetual. Partindo da conceitua??o do modelo em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, busca-se identificar os tipos de modelos tridimensionais utilizados no processo de elabora??o do projeto, tanto nas formas tradicionais de constru??o manual de maquetes e modelos quanto nos meios digitais. Procura-se conhecer como as novas tecnologias para a produ??o digital de modelos por meio da prototipagem digital est?o sendo introduzidas nos cursos de gradua??o de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil, assim como a produ??o acad?mica recente na ?rea. Considerando o paradigma do ensino pr?tico reflexivo concebido por Sch?n (2000), o experimento realizado na pesquisa tem como ambiente de estudo o ateli? integrado de projeto do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. No experimento a Modelagem f?sica, a Modelagem Geom?trica e a Prototipagem Digital s?o inseridas em momentos do processo do projeto com o objetivo de se observar a adequa??o do modelo ?s fases do projeto. A metodologia empregada nos experimentos muito se aproxima da Pesquisa A??o na qual o alvo principal ? a cria??o de conhecimento te?rico com o aprimoramento da pr?tica. O processo se repetiu por tr?s semestres consecutivos e a reflex?o sobre os resultados alcan?ados em cada ciclo forneceram subs?dios para aprimoramento no seguinte. Como resultado prop?e-se um procedimento metodol?gico no qual o Modelo Tridimensional constitui elemento integrador de conte?dos desenvolvidos em um per?odo curricular, tendo como refer?ncia o ensino de Projeto Arquitet?nico e Urban?stico no quinto per?odo do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFRN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucioAOF_TESE.pdf: 1700370 bytes, checksum: e23b516b6b57629ea655b3a1c24fcf35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / The demand for alternative sources of energy drives the technological development so that many fuels and energy conversion processes before judged as inadequate or even non-viable, are now competing fuels and so-called traditional processes. Thus, biomass plays an important role and is considered one of the sources of renewable energy most important of our planet. Biomass accounts for 29.2% of all renewable energy sources. The share of biomass energy from Brazil in the OIE is 13.6%, well above the world average of participation. Various types of pyrolysis processes have been studied in recent years, highlighting the process of fast pyrolysis of biomass to obtain bio-oil. The continuous fast pyrolysis, the most investigated and improved are the fluidized bed and ablative, but is being studied and developed other types in order to obtain Bio-oil a better quality, higher productivity, lower energy consumption, increased stability and process reliability and lower production cost. The stability of the product bio-oil is fundamental to designing consumer devices such as burners, engines and turbines. This study was motivated to produce Bio-oil, through the conversion of plant biomass or the use of its industrial and agricultural waste, presenting an alternative proposal for thermochemical pyrolysis process, taking advantage of particle dynamics in the rotating bed that favors the right gas-solid contact and heat transfer and mass. The pyrolyser designed to operate in a continuous process, a feeder containing two stages, a divisive system of biomass integrated with a tab of coal fines and a system of condensing steam pyrolytic. The prototype has been tested with sawdust, using a complete experimental design on two levels to investigate the sensitivity of factors: the process temperature, gas flow drag and spin speed compared to the mass yield of bio-oil. The best result was obtained in the condition of 570 oC, 25 Hz and 200 cm3/min, temperature being the parameter of greatest significance. The mass balance of the elementary stages presented in the order of 20% and 37% liquid pyrolytic carbon. We determined the properties of liquid and solid products of pyrolysis as density, viscosity, pH, PCI, and the composition characterized by chemical analysis, revealing the composition and properties of a Bio-oil. / A demanda por fontes alternativas de energia impulsiona o desenvolvimento tecnol?gico de tal forma que muitos combust?veis e processos de convers?o energ?tica, antes julgada como inadequados ou mesmo invi?veis, s?o agora concorrentes de combust?veis e processos ditos tradicionais. Assim, a biomassa exerce um papel relevante, sendo considerada uma das fontes de energia renov?vel mais importante de nosso planeta. A biomassa contribui com 29,2 % de todas as fontes renov?veis de energia. A participa??o de energia de biomassa do Brasil na OIE ? de 13,6 %, sendo bem superior a m?dia mundial de participa??o. V?rios tipos de processos de pir?lise v?m sendo estudados nos ?ltimos anos, destacando-se o processo de pir?lise r?pida de biomassa para obten??o de Bio-?leo. Os processos cont?nuos de pir?lise r?pida, mais investigados e aprimorados s?o os de leito fluidizado e leito ablativo, entretanto vem sendo estudados e desenvolvidos outros tipos, visando obter um bio-?leo de melhor qualidade, com maior produtividade, menor consumo de energia, maior estabilidade e confiabilidade de processo e menor custo de produ??o. A estabilidade do produto Bio-?leo ? fundamental para a concep??o de dispositivos consumidores, tais como queimadores, motores de pist?o e turbinas. O presente estudo foi motivado para a produ??o de Bio-?leo, atrav?s da convers?o da biomassa vegetal ou do aproveitamento de seus res?duos industriais e agr?colas, sendo apresentada uma proposta alternativa de processo de pir?lise termoqu?mica, aproveitando a vantagem din?mica das part?culas no leito rotativo o que favorece a raz?o de contato g?s-s?lido e a transfer?ncia de calor e massa. O pirolisador foi projetado para operar em processo cont?nuo, contendo um alimentador de dois est?gios, um sistema desagregador da biomassa integrado com um separador de finos de carv?o e um sistema de condensa??o de vapores pirol?ticos. O Prot?tipo foi submetido a ensaios com serragem de madeira, utilizando um planejamento experimental completo em dois n?veis para investigar a sensibilidade dos fatores: temperatura do processo, fluxo de g?s de arraste e velocidade de centrifuga??o em rela??o ao rendimento m?ssico de Bio-?leo. O melhor resultado foi obtido na condi??o de 570 oC, 25 Hz e 200 cm3/min, sendo a temperatura o par?metro de maior signific?ncia. O balan?o Tese de Doutorado PPGCEP/UFRN L?cio ?ngelo de Oliveira Fontes vi de massa elementar das fases apresentou da ordem de 20 % liquidos pirol?ticos e 37 % de carv?o. Foram determinadas as propriedades dos produtos l?quidos e s?lidos da pir?lise como densidade, viscosidade, pH, PCI, sendo a composi??o caracterizada atrav?s an?lise qu?mica, revelando as propriedades e composi??o de um Bio-?leo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdsonJAP.pdf: 1427766 bytes, checksum: 2d062c892b501f8f46093e7d7c17a9b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-10 / The manufacturing of above and below-knee prosthesis starts by taking surfac measurements of the patient s residual limb. This demands the making of a cartridg with appropriate fitting and customized to the profile of each patient. The traditiona process in public hospitals in Brazil begins with the completion of a record file (according to law n?388, of July 28, 1999 by the ministry of the health) for obtaining o the prosthesis, where it is identified the amputation level, equipment type, fitting type material, measures etc. Nowadays, that work is covered by the Brazilian Nationa Health Service (SUS) and is accomplished in a manual way being used commo measuring tapes characterizing a quite rudimentary, handmade work and without an accuracy.In this dissertation it is presented the development of a computer integrate tool that it include CAD theory, for visualization of both above and below-knee prosthesis in 3D (i.e. OrtoCAD), as well as, the design and the construction a low cos electro-mechanic 3D scanner (EMS). This apparatus is capable to automatically obtain geometric information of the stump or of the healthy leg while ensuring smalle uncertainty degree for all measurements. The methodology is based on reverse engineering concepts so that the EMS output is fed into the above mentioned academi CAD software in charge of the 3D computer graphics reconstruction of the residualimb s negative plaster cast or even the healthy leg s mirror image. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model is valid, because it allows the structura analysis to be performed based on the requested loads, boundary conditions, material chosen and wall thickness. Furthermore it allows the manufacturing of a prosthesis cartridge meeting high accuracy engineering patterns with consequent improvement in the quality of the overall production process / A fabrica??o de pr?teses para amputados de membros inferiores (transfemural e transtibial) exige a confec??o de um cartucho com encaixe adequado e personalizado ao perfil de cada paciente. O processo tradicional de atendimento a pacientes em hospitais p?blicos no Brasil inicia-se com o preenchimento de uma ficha conforme portaria n?388, de 28 de Julho de 1999 do minist?rio da sa?de para obten??o da pr?tese, onde ? identificado o n?vel de amputa??o, tipo de equipamento, tipo de encaixe, material, medidas etc. Atualmente, esses cartuchos s?o fabricados de forma manual atrav?s de instrumentos de baixa precis?o, caracterizando um trabalho bastante rudimentar, artesanal e sem nenhuma acuracidade. Nesta disserta??o prop?e-se o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta integrada que envolva o CAD, para visualiza??o das pr?teses dos tipos transfemural/transtibial em 3D (OrtoCAD), bem como, o projeto e a constru??o um leitor eletromec?nico (esp?cie de scanner tridimensional), capaz de obter automaticamente e qualitativamente, com menor grau de incerteza as informa??es geom?tricas do coto ou da perna sadia. A metodologia inclui a aplica??o de conceitos de engenharia reversa para gerar computacionalmente a representa??o do coto e/ou a imagem reversa do membro sadio. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o modelo posposto ? v?lido, pois permite a an?lise estrutural em fun??o do carregamento solicitado e a confec??o de um cartucho de pr?tese atendendo elevados padr?es de acuracidade da engenharia com conseq?ente melhoria na qualidade do processo de fabrica??o