Dans le contexte de changement climatique, la compréhension des mécanismes régissant les pertes en eau de la vigne peut permettre d'adapter le matériel végétal pour maintenir la productivité de la vigne et la qualité du vin. L'adaptation à la sécheresse est un caractère complexe faisant intervenir des mécanismes physiologiques liés aux génotypes du greffon et du porte-greffe. Mais les effets du porte-greffe sur la régulation stomatique du greffon sont mal connus. La production par les racines de signaux chimiques tels que l'ABA et/ou hydraulique pourraient y contribuer. La réponse physiologique et moléculaire à la contrainte hydrique a été analysée sur de jeunes boutures pour 7 porte-greffes plus ou moins adaptés à la sécheresse et 2 cépages connus pour leur caractère iso ou anisohydrique. Puis 23 combinaisons greffon/porte-greffe issues de ces génotypes ont été étudiées. Une analyse métabolique sur l'accumulation de l'ABA et ses dérivés a été menée sur feuilles, racines et dans la sève xylémienne. Ces informations ont été couplées à des analyses transcriptomiques sur des gènes du métabolisme et de la signalisation de ABA, et codant des aquaporines de type PIP. L‘analyse conjointe des données physiologiques, métabolomiques et transcriptomiques ont permis d'identifier des composants moléculaires discriminant les porte-greffes selon leur fond génétique et leur adaptation à la sécheresse. Les réponses globales à la contrainte hydrique sont mieux coordonnées au sein d‘un même tissu qu‘entre racines et feuilles. A l‘échelle de la plante greffée, une prépondérance du signal hydraulique est probable. Certains gènes répondent spécifiquement aux interactions greffon/porte-greffe. / In the context of climate change, understanding the mechanisms governing the water loss of the vine is necessary to adapt the plant material to maintain the productivity of the vine and wine quality. The adaptation to drought is a complex trait involving physiological mechanisms related to scion and rootstock genotypes. But the effects of the rootstock on stomatal regulation graft are still unknown. Production by roots of chemical signals such as ABA and / or hydraulic ones be involved. Molecular and physiological responses to water stress were analyzed on young cuttings for 7 rootstocks more or less adapted to drought and 2 varieties known for their iso or anisohydric behaviour. Then 23 combinations scion / rootstock from these genotypes were investigated. Metabolic analyses for ABA and its derivatives was conducted in leaves, roots and in the xylem sap. The information was integrated with transcriptomic analyzes for genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, and encoding PIP aquaporins. Joint analyses of physiological data, metabolomic and transcriptomic allow the identification of the molecular components discriminating rootstocks according to their genetic background and their adaptation to drought. Global responses to water stress are better coordinated within the same tissue between roots and leaves. At the scale of the grafted plant, a preponderance of the hydraulic signal is likely. Some genes specifically respond to the scion / rootstock interactions.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-27T12:36:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 denisecristinacorreadarocha.pdf: 20374871 bytes, checksum: 19b301cc153ad5651c982eb4db8925e6 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: pedagógica/alfabetização - favor colocar espaço entre as palavras on 2016-06-02T15:17:07Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T15:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 denisecristinacorreadarocha.pdf: 20374871 bytes, checksum: 19b301cc153ad5651c982eb4db8925e6 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Não consigo editar para corrigir: - No título colocar as iniciais deste programa em maiúsculo: Alfabetização no Tempo Certo - nas palavras-chave colocar a inicial da primeira palavra em maiúsculo: Método de diferença em diferença Escore de propensão on 2016-07-02T13:15:52Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-04T10:24:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 denisecristinacorreadarocha.pdf: 20374871 bytes, checksum: 19b301cc153ad5651c982eb4db8925e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:12:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 denisecristinacorreadarocha.pdf: 20374871 bytes, checksum: 19b301cc153ad5651c982eb4db8925e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:12:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 denisecristinacorreadarocha.pdf: 20374871 bytes, checksum: 19b301cc153ad5651c982eb4db8925e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 denisecristinacorreadarocha.pdf: 20374871 bytes, checksum: 19b301cc153ad5651c982eb4db8925e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho analisa uma política pública na área educacional no âmbito do estado de Minas Gerais, no período entre 2008-2012, a qual foi denominada como “Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica – PIP/Alfabetização no Tempo Certo”. Para avaliar o impacto desta política pública na elevação do nível de proficiência dos alunos do 3° e do 5° ano do ensino fundamental foram analisados os dados do Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública – SIMAVE e os registros administrativos da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais – SEE/MG, utilizando-se o método de escore de propensão e diferenças em diferenças. Os resultados encontrados mostram que no 3° ano do ensino fundamental as escolas que receberam a intervenção pedagógica (escolas da rede estadual) apresentaram efeito médio do tratamento nos tratados de 23,32 pontos na nota para 0,35 desvios-padrão ao nível de confiança de 95% utilizando-se o método do primeiro vizinho mais próximo ponderado pelo escore de propensão calculado. Os resultados obtidos pelo método de diferenças em diferenças ponderados por diferentes formas de pareamento por escore de propensão foram muito semelhantes entre si, o que indica a robustez dos resultados encontrados, o que era esperado em função do tamanho da amostra, a qual é relativamente grande e, por isso, deveriam convergir. O impacto obtido pelo o método de diferenças em diferenças ponderados pelo pareamento pelo método de Kernel foi de 23,44 pontos na nota para 0,35 desvios-padrão e do vizinho mais próximo com reposição foi de 26,24 pontos na nota para 0,40 desvios-padrão. Já pelo método Radius o impacto foi de 26,22 pontos na nota para 0,40 desvios-padrão. Para o 5° ano do ensino fundamental as escolas que receberam a intervenção apresentaram efeito médio do tratamento nos tratados de 0,6 pontos na proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para 0,03 desvios-padrão utilizando-se o método do primeiro vizinho mais próximo ponderado pelo escore de propensão calculado, não significativo ao nível de x confiança de 95%. O impacto obtido pelo método de diferenças em diferenças ponderados pelos pesos gerados pelo pareamento pelo método de Kernel foi de 1,4 pontos na nota de Língua Portuguesa para 0,06 desvios-padrão, não significativo ao nível de confiança de 95%. O impacto obtido pelo método de diferenças em diferenças ponderados pelos pesos gerados pelo método do vizinho mais próximo com reposição foi de 1,3 pontos na proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para 0,06 desvios-padrão, não significativo ao nível de confiança de 95%. E o impacto obtido pelo método de diferenças em diferenças ponderados pelos pesos gerados pelo pareamento pelo método “Radius” ou “Calibrado” impondo uma distância de 0,001 foi de 1,8 pontos na proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para 0,08 desvios-padrão, significativo ao nível de confiança de 90%. / This study evaluates an education public policy in the state of Minas Gerais in the period 2008-2012, called "Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica – PIP”. We used the databases of SIMAVE and administrative records from the State Department of Education of Minas Gerais - SEE/MG to assess the impact of that public policy in raising the level of proficiency of students in the 3th and 5th year of elementary school, measured by the external evaluation conducted at the state level. We used the method of differences and differences and the method of propensity score. The results show that the schools in the 3rd year of primary education that received the educational intervention (state schools of Minas Gerais) had a mean treatment effect in the intervention of 23,32 points in the grade to 0,35 standard deviations with a confidence level of 95%, using the method of the first nearest neighbor weighted by the calculated propensity score. The results obtained by the method of differences in differences weighted by different ways of pairing on propensity score were very similar to each other. This indicates the robustness of the results, which was expected due to the relatively large size of sample, which should thus converge. The impact achieved by the method of differences in differences weighted by pairing the kernel method was 23,44 points in the grade to 0,35 standard deviations and the nearest neighbor with replacement was 26,24 points in the score to 0,40 standard deviations. On the other hand, when using the Radius method the impact was 26,22 points in the grade to 0,40 standard deviations. The schools in the 5th year of primary education that received the intervention had a mean effect in the intervention of 0,6 points in Portuguese proficiency to 0,03 standard deviations using the first nearest neighbor method weighted by the calculated propensity score, not significant at a 95% confidence level. The impact achieved by the method of xii differences in differences weighted by the weights generated by pairing the kernel method was 1,4 points in the Portuguese Language proficiency grade to 0.06 standard deviations, not significant at a 95% confidence level. The impact achieved by the method of differences in differences weighted by the weights generated by the nearest neighbor method with replacement was 1,3 points in Portuguese proficiency to 0,06 standard deviations, not significant at a 95% confidence level. The impact achieved by the method of differences in differences weighted by the weights generated by pairing using "Radius" or "calibration" by imposing a distance of 0,001 was 1,8 points in Portuguese proficiency to 0,08 standard deviations, significant at a 90% confidence level.

La domestication est un processus évolutif complexe au sein duquel les pressions de sélection exercées par l'Homme conduisent à des changements morphologiques et physiologiques importants qui permettent de différencier sans ambigüité les espèces domestiquées de leurs ancêtres sauvages. Les récentes études archéobotaniques, génétiques et génomiques sur différentes plantes annuelles telles que notamment, le maïs (Zea mays L.), le riz (Oryza sativa L.) ou la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ont considérablement fait progresser notre compréhension de la domestication des plantes. A la différence des espèces annuelles, la domestication des plantes pérennes, en particulier les espèces fruitières, reste énigmatique.Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à la compréhension du processus de domestication d'une plante pérenne fruitière emblématique, la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) à travers l'étude de la diversité et de l'évolution de deux caractères majeurs du syndrome de domestication : la forme du pépin et le système de reproduction. Nos travaux sur la morphologie du pépin appréhendée par la méthode des transformées elliptiques de Fourier ont révélé des relations significatives entre la forme du pépin, le statut taxonomique (sauvage – domestiqué), l'origine géographique des cépages et leurs liens de parenté corroborant les résultats d'analyses génétiques acquises antérieurement. D'autre part, le changement de forme du pépin se produisant au cours de la domestication serait intimement lié à l'augmentation de la taille de la baie due aux pressions de sélection exercée par l'Homme. Concernant la transition de la diécie vers l'hermaphrodisme opérée au cours de la domestication, l'analyse du polymorphisme de séquences du locus du sexe a révélé que les vignes domestiquées seraient les descendantes d'individus mâles capables de produire des baies. Le patron de diversité de ces mêmes séquences corrobore l'idée d'un événement de domestication majeur de la vigne dans le Proche Orient et témoigne de l'existence d'introgressions du compartiment domestiqué par le compartiment sauvage dans l'Ouest du bassin Méditerranéen. / Domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which, human selection pressures lead to great morphological and physiological changes that allow to differentiate domesticated species from their wild ancestors. Recent archaeobotanical, genetic and genomic studies of various annual crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have significantly advanced our understanding of plant domestication. However, the domestication of perennial plants, particularly fruit trees, remains poorly documented compared to the domestication of annual crop plants.In this framework, this work aims to contribute to the understanding of the domestication process of the emblematic perennial plant, the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) through the study of diversity and evolution of two major traits of the domestication syndrome: the seed shape and the reproductive system. Our work on seed shape based on the method of the elliptic Fourier transforms revealed significant relationships between seed shape, the taxonomic status (wild – domesticated), the geographic origin of cultivars and their parentage relationships, corroborating former results from genetic analysis. On the other hand, seed shape changes occurred during domestication seem to be linked to the increase of the berry size as the consequence of major human selection pressures. Regarding the transition from diecy to hermaphroditism to diecy operated during domestication, the analysis of sequence polymorphism in the sex locus revealed that domesticated grapevine would be the descendant of wild male individuals able to produce berries. The pattern of diversity of these sequences supports the hypothesis of the occurrence of a major domestication event in the Near East and testify of introgressions of Western European cultivars by local wild grapes.

A partir de um alerta internacional emitido pelas autoridades sanitárias francesas no ano de 2010 com respeito a altas taxas de ruptura de implantes mamários da marca Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), a Agência de Vigilância Sanitária brasileira (ANVISA) suspendeu a importação, distribuição, comércio e uso destes implantes no país. Visando manter a qualidade destes produtos no mercado brasileiro, a partir de março de 2012 – conforme publicado pelo Instituto Nacional de Metrologia (INMETRO) – foi instituída a certificação compulsória dos implantes mamários e em seguida definidos os ensaios através dos quais os implantes mamários devem ter sua conformidade avaliada, sendo esses ensaios mecânicos e químicos. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de equipamentos e metodologia para avaliação da conformidade de dois ensaios mecânicos em implantes mamários: ensaio de fadiga e ensaio de resistência ao impacto. Duas normas foram utilizadas para o processo de acreditação: ISO 14607 – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements, e ABNT NBR ISO 14607 – Implantes cirúrgicos não ativos – Implantes mamários – Requisitos particulares. Os equipamentos utilizados foram desenvolvidos e construídos ao longo do desenvolvimento deste estudo e os testes foram realizados em implantes mamários da marca PIP obtidos junto a ANVISA. A primeira etapa consistiu em organizar os documentos necessários para acreditação junto ao INMETRO e, após, ensaios os ensaios foram realizados. Ao todo trinta e cinco implantes foram ensaiados – 31 na primeira parte do trabalho e 04 na segunda – e analisados em lupa para verificação de defeitos causados pelos testes como: fraturas, cortes, alteração de forma, entre outros. Os equipamentos e metodologia desenvolvida atendem os requisitos de ambas as normas e permitem avaliação de conformidade de próteses mamárias comercializadas no país, no que diz respeito ao ensaio de fadiga e resistência ao impacto. / Due an international alert issued by French authorities in 2010 regarding high rupture rate of breast implants related to Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency has suspended the importation, distribution, commercialization and use of these implants into Brazil. In order to maintain the quality of these products in Brazilian market, on March 2012 – according published by National Institute of Metrology – it has been decided for compulsory certification of breast implants and then defined the tests through which these products have to be submitted for its conformity assessment, being these mechanical and chemical tests. This dissertation evaluates the development and methodology for conformity assessment of two mechanical tests on breast implants: fatigue and impact resistance test. The process was based on two standards: ISO 14607 and ABNT NBR ISO – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements. The equipment used was developed in the laboratory during the realization of this study and the tests were performed on implants produced by PIP provided by National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. It started with the organization of the documents to be sent to National Institute of Metrology, in order to ask the accreditation and then tests were performed. Thirty five implants were tested – 31 on first part of the work and 04 on the second one – and then analyzed to detect any anomaly that could be considered a defect such as: rupture, cuts, shape alteration, etc. The equipment and methodology has met the requirements from both standards and enable conformity assessment of breast implants commercialized in Brazil, regarding to fatigue and impact resistance tests.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ruiz_mg_dr_jabo.pdf: 360004 bytes, checksum: c4d8869a65f234f2056a1838f5d53e3f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidad Nacional Del Comahue / Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) é o principal agente de controle biológico de ácaros Tetranychidae nas culturas de pêras e maçãs do “Alto Valle del Río Negro y Neuquén”, Argentina. Os ácaros predadores, especialmente Phytoseiidae, podem manter os ácaros fitófagos em níves que não causam danos econômicos nas pomáceas. No laboratório, foi avaliada a mortalidade de N. californicus quando exposto a resíduos de azinfós metil, carbaril, ciflutrina, cihexatina e propargito, aos 1, 3, 6 e 10 dias após a aplicação desses produtos no campo. Cihexatina e propargito mostraram a maior mortalidade; azinfós metil mostrou a maior sobrevivência do predador. No campo, foi avaliado o efeito de três manejos fitossanitários (sem tratamentos, azinfós metil em calendário fixo de pulverização e manejo convencional), sobre os ácaros fitófagos, de hábito alimentar variado e predadores em macieira. Em dois ciclos vegetativos foram realizadas amostragens quinzenais, tomando-se 10 folhas de cada uma de 20 plantas em cada manejo. O manejo convencional afeta severamente os ácaros dos três hábitos alimentares. Azinfós metil não teve influência visível nas populações de ácaros predadores, nem no controle biológico por eles exercido. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) (Diptilomiopidae), Agistemus fleschneri (Summers), A. longisetus Gonzalez- Rodriguez e A. ecuadoriensis Gonzalez-Rodriguez (Stigmaeidae) são registradas pela primeira vez naquela região. Estudos são necessários para determinar as relação entre Phytoseiidae e Stigmaeidae nas condições específicas da região. / Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is the main biological control agent of Tetranychidae pest mites of pear and apple crops in the region known as “Alto Valle del Río Negro y Neuquén”, Argentina. Predatory mites, mainly Phytoseiidae, can keep populations of phytophagous mites at levels that do not cause economic losses in pip fruit crops. In the laboratory, we assessed the mortality of N. californicus when exposed to field-weathered residues of azimphos-methyl, carbaryl, cyfluthrin, cyhexatin and propargite at 1, 3, 6 and 10 days after application. Cyhexatin and propargite showed the greatest negative effects; azimphos-methyl was the pesticide that least affected the survival of the predatory mite. In the field, we assessed the effect of three pest managements (no pesticide treatments, calendar azimphos-methyl sprayings and conventional pest control) on the population of phytophagous, varied feeding habits and predatory mites in apple orchards. A sample of 10 leaves from each of 20 trees was taken fortnightly from each management throughout two growing seasons. The conventional pest control severely affects populations of the three feeding habit groups of mites. The insecticide azimphos-methyl had no apparent effect neither on the predatory mite population nor on the biological control. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) (Diptilomiopidae), Agistemus fleschneri (Summers), A. longisetus Gonzalez- Rodriguez and A. ecuadoriensis Gonzalez-Rodriguez (Stigmaeidae) are reported to occur in that region for the first time. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the relationship between Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae mites in the specific conditions of that region.

Orientador: Gilberto José de Moraes / Banca: Carlos Amadeu Leite de Oliveira / Banca: Nilza Maria Martinelli / Banca: Mário Eidi Sato / Banca: Pedro Takao Yamamoto / Resumo: Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) é o principal agente de controle biológico de ácaros Tetranychidae nas culturas de pêras e maçãs do "Alto Valle del Río Negro y Neuquén", Argentina. Os ácaros predadores, especialmente Phytoseiidae, podem manter os ácaros fitófagos em níves que não causam danos econômicos nas pomáceas. No laboratório, foi avaliada a mortalidade de N. californicus quando exposto a resíduos de azinfós metil, carbaril, ciflutrina, cihexatina e propargito, aos 1, 3, 6 e 10 dias após a aplicação desses produtos no campo. Cihexatina e propargito mostraram a maior mortalidade; azinfós metil mostrou a maior sobrevivência do predador. No campo, foi avaliado o efeito de três manejos fitossanitários (sem tratamentos, azinfós metil em calendário fixo de pulverização e manejo convencional), sobre os ácaros fitófagos, de hábito alimentar variado e predadores em macieira. Em dois ciclos vegetativos foram realizadas amostragens quinzenais, tomando-se 10 folhas de cada uma de 20 plantas em cada manejo. O manejo convencional afeta severamente os ácaros dos três hábitos alimentares. Azinfós metil não teve influência visível nas populações de ácaros predadores, nem no controle biológico por eles exercido. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) (Diptilomiopidae), Agistemus fleschneri (Summers), A. longisetus Gonzalez- Rodriguez e A. ecuadoriensis Gonzalez-Rodriguez (Stigmaeidae) são registradas pela primeira vez naquela região. Estudos são necessários para determinar as relação entre Phytoseiidae e Stigmaeidae nas condições específicas da região. / Abstract: Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is the main biological control agent of Tetranychidae pest mites of pear and apple crops in the region known as "Alto Valle del Río Negro y Neuquén", Argentina. Predatory mites, mainly Phytoseiidae, can keep populations of phytophagous mites at levels that do not cause economic losses in pip fruit crops. In the laboratory, we assessed the mortality of N. californicus when exposed to field-weathered residues of azimphos-methyl, carbaryl, cyfluthrin, cyhexatin and propargite at 1, 3, 6 and 10 days after application. Cyhexatin and propargite showed the greatest negative effects; azimphos-methyl was the pesticide that least affected the survival of the predatory mite. In the field, we assessed the effect of three pest managements (no pesticide treatments, calendar azimphos-methyl sprayings and conventional pest control) on the population of phytophagous, varied feeding habits and predatory mites in apple orchards. A sample of 10 leaves from each of 20 trees was taken fortnightly from each management throughout two growing seasons. The conventional pest control severely affects populations of the three feeding habit groups of mites. The insecticide azimphos-methyl had no apparent effect neither on the predatory mite population nor on the biological control. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) (Diptilomiopidae), Agistemus fleschneri (Summers), A. longisetus Gonzalez- Rodriguez and A. ecuadoriensis Gonzalez-Rodriguez (Stigmaeidae) are reported to occur in that region for the first time. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the relationship between Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae mites in the specific conditions of that region. / Doutor

A partir de um alerta internacional emitido pelas autoridades sanitárias francesas no ano de 2010 com respeito a altas taxas de ruptura de implantes mamários da marca Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), a Agência de Vigilância Sanitária brasileira (ANVISA) suspendeu a importação, distribuição, comércio e uso destes implantes no país. Visando manter a qualidade destes produtos no mercado brasileiro, a partir de março de 2012 – conforme publicado pelo Instituto Nacional de Metrologia (INMETRO) – foi instituída a certificação compulsória dos implantes mamários e em seguida definidos os ensaios através dos quais os implantes mamários devem ter sua conformidade avaliada, sendo esses ensaios mecânicos e químicos. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de equipamentos e metodologia para avaliação da conformidade de dois ensaios mecânicos em implantes mamários: ensaio de fadiga e ensaio de resistência ao impacto. Duas normas foram utilizadas para o processo de acreditação: ISO 14607 – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements, e ABNT NBR ISO 14607 – Implantes cirúrgicos não ativos – Implantes mamários – Requisitos particulares. Os equipamentos utilizados foram desenvolvidos e construídos ao longo do desenvolvimento deste estudo e os testes foram realizados em implantes mamários da marca PIP obtidos junto a ANVISA. A primeira etapa consistiu em organizar os documentos necessários para acreditação junto ao INMETRO e, após, ensaios os ensaios foram realizados. Ao todo trinta e cinco implantes foram ensaiados – 31 na primeira parte do trabalho e 04 na segunda – e analisados em lupa para verificação de defeitos causados pelos testes como: fraturas, cortes, alteração de forma, entre outros. Os equipamentos e metodologia desenvolvida atendem os requisitos de ambas as normas e permitem avaliação de conformidade de próteses mamárias comercializadas no país, no que diz respeito ao ensaio de fadiga e resistência ao impacto. / Due an international alert issued by French authorities in 2010 regarding high rupture rate of breast implants related to Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency has suspended the importation, distribution, commercialization and use of these implants into Brazil. In order to maintain the quality of these products in Brazilian market, on March 2012 – according published by National Institute of Metrology – it has been decided for compulsory certification of breast implants and then defined the tests through which these products have to be submitted for its conformity assessment, being these mechanical and chemical tests. This dissertation evaluates the development and methodology for conformity assessment of two mechanical tests on breast implants: fatigue and impact resistance test. The process was based on two standards: ISO 14607 and ABNT NBR ISO – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements. The equipment used was developed in the laboratory during the realization of this study and the tests were performed on implants produced by PIP provided by National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. It started with the organization of the documents to be sent to National Institute of Metrology, in order to ask the accreditation and then tests were performed. Thirty five implants were tested – 31 on first part of the work and 04 on the second one – and then analyzed to detect any anomaly that could be considered a defect such as: rupture, cuts, shape alteration, etc. The equipment and methodology has met the requirements from both standards and enable conformity assessment of breast implants commercialized in Brazil, regarding to fatigue and impact resistance tests.

A partir de um alerta internacional emitido pelas autoridades sanitárias francesas no ano de 2010 com respeito a altas taxas de ruptura de implantes mamários da marca Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), a Agência de Vigilância Sanitária brasileira (ANVISA) suspendeu a importação, distribuição, comércio e uso destes implantes no país. Visando manter a qualidade destes produtos no mercado brasileiro, a partir de março de 2012 – conforme publicado pelo Instituto Nacional de Metrologia (INMETRO) – foi instituída a certificação compulsória dos implantes mamários e em seguida definidos os ensaios através dos quais os implantes mamários devem ter sua conformidade avaliada, sendo esses ensaios mecânicos e químicos. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de equipamentos e metodologia para avaliação da conformidade de dois ensaios mecânicos em implantes mamários: ensaio de fadiga e ensaio de resistência ao impacto. Duas normas foram utilizadas para o processo de acreditação: ISO 14607 – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements, e ABNT NBR ISO 14607 – Implantes cirúrgicos não ativos – Implantes mamários – Requisitos particulares. Os equipamentos utilizados foram desenvolvidos e construídos ao longo do desenvolvimento deste estudo e os testes foram realizados em implantes mamários da marca PIP obtidos junto a ANVISA. A primeira etapa consistiu em organizar os documentos necessários para acreditação junto ao INMETRO e, após, ensaios os ensaios foram realizados. Ao todo trinta e cinco implantes foram ensaiados – 31 na primeira parte do trabalho e 04 na segunda – e analisados em lupa para verificação de defeitos causados pelos testes como: fraturas, cortes, alteração de forma, entre outros. Os equipamentos e metodologia desenvolvida atendem os requisitos de ambas as normas e permitem avaliação de conformidade de próteses mamárias comercializadas no país, no que diz respeito ao ensaio de fadiga e resistência ao impacto. / Due an international alert issued by French authorities in 2010 regarding high rupture rate of breast implants related to Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency has suspended the importation, distribution, commercialization and use of these implants into Brazil. In order to maintain the quality of these products in Brazilian market, on March 2012 – according published by National Institute of Metrology – it has been decided for compulsory certification of breast implants and then defined the tests through which these products have to be submitted for its conformity assessment, being these mechanical and chemical tests. This dissertation evaluates the development and methodology for conformity assessment of two mechanical tests on breast implants: fatigue and impact resistance test. The process was based on two standards: ISO 14607 and ABNT NBR ISO – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements. The equipment used was developed in the laboratory during the realization of this study and the tests were performed on implants produced by PIP provided by National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. It started with the organization of the documents to be sent to National Institute of Metrology, in order to ask the accreditation and then tests were performed. Thirty five implants were tested – 31 on first part of the work and 04 on the second one – and then analyzed to detect any anomaly that could be considered a defect such as: rupture, cuts, shape alteration, etc. The equipment and methodology has met the requirements from both standards and enable conformity assessment of breast implants commercialized in Brazil, regarding to fatigue and impact resistance tests.

Purpose: This research reviews the Project Implementation Profile (PIP) and explores its relevance to Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) type projects in Cape Town. The research aims to: • Identify the most common PIP Critical Success Factors (CSF) for UISP projects, • Compare the common PIP Critical Success Factors (CSF) for UISP projects to the Construction Sector CSF • Evaluate if the PIP tool is applicable to UISP projects. • Determine if there any other critical success factors that need to be added to the CSF list that is critical to the UISP Project success Approach: A literature review was conducted to assist in identifying the common CSF in the Constructions Sector. A survey questionnaire was sent out to relevant UISP Project Managers. The survey questionnaire was based on the PIP questionnaire with additional questions regarding to the effectiveness of the PIP tool on UISP projects. The intent of the survey questionnaire is firstly to establish the common CSF for UISP projects and then evaluate the PIP effectiveness on UISP projects. Findings: Based on the research results, it was found that the high scoring CSF for UISP projects were Project Mission, Client Consultation, Technical Tasks, Monitoring and Feedback, Personal. When the high scoring CSF was compared to the Literature Based Construction Sector CSF, the following common CSF was established: Monitoring and Feedback, Client Consultation and Technical Tasks. Practical Implications: This research will give an indication of the high and low scoring CSF relevant to UISP projects, which project managers and Managers in the Human Settlements industry can use to evaluate their UISP or Breaking New Ground (BNG) housing projects. Furthermore, the PIP tool may be utilised more frequently as a project quality success assurance tool in the organisation. The PIP tool has been tested and verified in a number of different industries in previous studies but never in its application to UISP or BNG projects.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19261号 / 理博第4116号 / 新制||理||1592(附属図書館) / 32263 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉山 弘, 教授 三木 邦夫, 教授 藤井 紀子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM