Com o intuito de estudar in vivo a reprodutibilidade e a comparação de dois índices visuais (Ekstrand et al. (1998) ? E e Nyvad; Machiulskiene e Baelum (1999) ? N) e as medidas de fluorescência a laser AGNOdent®,KaVo - DD) na detecção de sulcos e fossetas descoloridos, um único examinador treinado, após a obtenção do consentimento livre e esclarecido de 28 pacientes, atribuiu os escores E, N e médias de fluorescência a laser de 190 molares decíduos com e sem descoloração em sulcos e fossetas oclusais. A reprodutibilidade dos índices visuais foi calculada a partir do teste kappa Cohen e kappa ponderado (kp), enquanto para as médias do DD foi calculado o índice de correlação de Pearson (rp). Para a comparação entre os índices visuais ainda se calculou a correlação de Spearman (rcs) e para a correlação entre os índices visuais e as médias do DD, foram aplicados o teste t de Student para as dicotomizações de presença de lesão, descoloração e atividade. Finalmente, foi calculada a análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparação entre as médias do DD e os graus de severidade das lesões. A reprodutibilidade dos índices visuais foi substancial (kpE = 0,645) e (kpN = 0,634) e as médias do DD apresentaram correlação de Pearson significativa e altamente positiva (rp = 0,930). A comparação entre os índices visuais também foi positiva e significativa principalmente quanto à severidade (rcs = 0,623) e nas dicotomizações para a presença de lesão (rcs = 0,765) e descoloração (rcs = 0,757). O teste t de Student para as comparações entre os índices e as médias do DD também se apresentaram significativos (p < 0,001) para presença de lesão e descoloração ao contrário dos resultados para atividade. A análise de variância entre os graus de severidade dos índices visuais e as médias do DD mostrou diferenças estaticamente significativas apenas entre os graus de severidade 0 e 1 (E - 2a) para o índice E e 0, 1 (N - 4) e 2 (N - 5) para o índice N. Conclui-se, para sulcos e fossetas descoloridos de molares decíduos, que (1) ambos os métodos (visuais e de fluorescência a laser) mostraram-se confiáveis (2) o DD foi capaz de diferenciar tecidos hígidos de lesões com descoloração e de (3) inativas intactas ou com microcavidades em esmalte. / Aiming at developing an in vivo study of the reproducibility and correlation of two visual indexes (Ekstrand et al. (1998) ? E and Nyvad; Machiulskiene and Baelum (1999) ? N) and the measures of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent®,KaVo - DD) for the detection of decolorised pits and fissures, a single trained examiner, after the free and aware consent of 28 patients, opened the scores E, N and laser fluorescence averages of 190 primary molars with and without occlusal discoloration in pits and fissures. The reproducibility of the visual indexes was calculated with basis on the kappa Cohen and weighted kappa (wk) tests, while for the DD averages the Perason´s correlation (rp) was calculated. To provide a comparison among the visual indexes, the Sperman´s correlation (rcs) was calculated, and for the correlation among the visual indexes and the DD averages, the Student´s t test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to compare the DD averages and the degree of severity of the lesions. The reproducibility of the visual indexes was substantial (wkE= 0,645) and (wkN= 0,634); the DD averages presented a significant and highly positive Pearson´s correlation (rP= 0,930). The comparison among the visual indexes proved to be positive and significant, mainly in relation to the severity (rcs= 0,623) and the dichotomisations for the presence of lesion (rcs= 0,765) and discoloration (rcs= 0,757). The Student´s t test of for the comparisons among the indexes and the DD averages also proved to be significant (p < 0,001) for the presence of lesion and discoloration, contrary to the activity results. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) among the degrees of severity and DD averages showed significant differences only at the degrees 0 and 1 (E ? 2a) of the E index and 0, 1 (N ? 4) and 2 (N ? 5) of the N index. The conclusions for pits and fissures with discoloration in primary molars are that (1) both methods (visual and laser fluorescence) were reliable (2) the DD was able to diferenciatte sound tissues from lesions with discoloration and (3) inactive intact or with microcavities lesions at the enamel level.

The main archaeological features studied in this thesis are semi-subterranean house remains in the woodlands of middle northern Sweden, east of the high mountains and some 100 km from the coast. The period during which they were occupied has been delimited to 4500-2500 BC. The house remains consist of circular or sometimes rectangular depressions in the ground, surrounded by mounds of refuse and large amounts of fire-cracked stone. Eighty house remains of this kind have been discovered so far and 20 features have been excavated. They are found at 29 different localities that cover an area of more than 60,000 km2. The question put forward is whether these house remains show patterning in site location, economy and material culture, suggesting that they belonged to one people sharing a similar language and values. The majority of the locations include more than one house and because of the dug-out-floors and the large amounts of fire-cracked stone they are interpreted as winter villages. The distributions of the villages show a settlement pattern in which the locales are separated by a mean distance of approximately 35 km. In one of the regions, Vilhelmina parish, summer camps have been located by smaller lakes where the waterways from 3 different winter villages connect. Other possible summer camp sites are suggested, based on their location in areas where waterways connect two or three winter villages. The winter sites were associated with local bands, according to the social structure of hunting societies in North America, suggested by June Helm. Several local bands form a regional band that camp together during certain periods of the year. All regional bands form the tribe or the language family. No traces of social differences between groups or families have been revealed in the material and it is therefore assumed that the remains of the houses represent a hunting/gathering band society. Among the artifacts in the houses is a predominance of small scrapers of quartz and quartzite. There is also a very high representation of elk (moose) in the bone material from the house remains. Prehistoric and later pit-falls as well as paintings and carvings of elk are distributed within the same area. This shows that elk were a very important prey and this has been emphasized when discussing the explanations of the uniformity in house type and artefacts. Finally the importance of the slate tools, in particular those of red slate, is briefly discussed. The manufacture of slate tools increase during the neolithic period. In the inland of middle Norrland artifacts of red slate dominate over the grey and black slate artifacts in most of the houses and on many other sites. The raw material is, in most cases, found close to the high mountains, but the red slate is otherwise rare compared to the black and grey, which suggests that it has been highly valued. The knowledge of, and access to, red slate is suggested as having symbolized the unity of this band society. / digitalisering@umu

Since the 1960s, the modern environmental movement, though generally liberal in nature, has historically excluded a variety of serious and influential groups. This thesis concentrates on the movement of working-class housewives who emerged into popular American consciousness in the seventies and eighties with their increasingly radical campaigns against toxic contamination in their respective communities. These women represent a group who exhibited the convergence of cultural influences where domesticity and environmentalism met in the middle of American society, and the increasing focus on public health in the environmental movement framed the fight undertaken by women who identified as “housewives.” These women, in their use of both traditional female stereotypes as well as radical influences from other social movements, synthesized their own unique type of activism, which has had a profound influence on the environmental movement and public health in the United States, especially in its relation to environmental justice.

Notre thèse traite de l’histoire des sanctuaires et de l’évolution des cultes et de la mythologie cycladiques dans la transition, qui conduit de la fin du monde mycénien à la Grèce classique. Notre première partie (pp. 13-445) est constituée d’une suite de monographies retraçant les changements, qui affectent les habitats et les places cultuelles des différentes îles de l’archipel entre le XIIe et le VIe siècle av. J.-C.. La deuxième partie (pp. 446-558) contient un essai de synthèse et une interprétation des données présentées auparavant. Plus exactement, une réflexion sur les mécanismes de recomposition de l’héritage religieux de l’âge du bronze, qui participent à la définition des panthéons insulaires archaïques. La troisième partie (pp. 559-628) est un essai d’anthropologie religieuse, dans lequel est examinée la notion de création dans la mythologie des Cyclades, à la recherche d’un imaginaire insulaire. Le premier chapitre commence par l’analyse et l’interprétation de la Cosmogonie de Phérécyde de Syros. Le second chapitre vise à mettre en évidence de quelle façon les thèmes symboliques spécifiques au système de Phérécyde se retrouvent également déclinés dans les autres mythes régionaux et trouvent leur origines dans les cultes agraires locaux les plus anciens. / The topic of our thesis is the history of the sanctuaries, and the evolution of the worships and mythology in the transition, which leads end of the Mycenaean world to classical Greece. Our first part (pp. 13-445) makes up of a continuation of monographs recalling the changes, which affect the settlements and the worship places of the various islands of the archipelago between XIIe to VIe Century B.C. The second part (pp. 446-558) contains a test of synthesis and an interpretation of the data presented before. More exactly, a reflection on the mechanisms of recombining of the religious heritage of the Bronze Age, which take part in the definition of archaic insulars pantheons. The third part (pp. 559-628) is an assai of religious anthropology, in which the concept of creation in the mythology of Cyclades is examined, in the search of an islander imaginary. The first chapter starts with the analysis and the interpretation of the Cosmogony of Pherekydes of Syros. The second chapter aims at highlighting how the topics symbolic systems specific to the system of Pherekydes are also found declined in the other regional myths and find their origin in the local agrarian worships oldest.

La presente tesis para optar el grado de Ingeniero Civil se titula “Evaluación estructural, superficial y funcional del pavimento de la pista principal aeropuerto de Pisco: Renán Elías Olivera”. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido explicar los elementos de la evaluación estructural, superficial y funcional del pavimento de la pista principal del Aeropuerto de Pisco “Renán Elías Olivera” para cumplir con la Norma establecida por las FAA. La metodología utilizada es de tipo descriptivo – aplicada y de diseño cualitativo – cuantitativo. La hipótesis general ha comprobado lo siguiente: “existe una relación significativa entre los elementos de la evaluación estructural, superficial y funcional del pavimento de la pista principal del Aeropuerto de Pisco “Renán Elías Olivera” y el cumplimiento con la Norma establecida por las FAA para llegar a ser admitido como aeropuerto alterno del Jorge Chávez. La validación de la Hipótesis ha quedado comprobada y demostrada a través del análisis de los diferentes estratos del suelo, espesores característicos del suelo de fundación por medio de calicatas y las características de la pista asfáltica del Aeropuerto Renán Elías Olivera y el cumplimiento de la Norma establecida por la Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), generando la conclusión general, como resultado de la comprobación de la hipótesis global mediante el siguiente enunciado: “…Se ha podido determinar que la evaluación estructural, superficial y funcional del pavimento de la pista principal aeropuerto de Pisco: Renán Elías Olivera cumple con los requerimientos de la FAA para ser un aeropuerto alterno al Jorge Chávez”. This thesis for the degree of Civil Engineer is entitled "Structural evaluation, functional surface and the floor of the main runway airport in Pisco: Renan Elias Olivera". The aim of the research was to explain the elements of structural, surface and functional assessment of the main runway pavement Airport Pisco "Renan Elias Olivera" to meet the standard set by the FAA. The methodology is descriptive - applied design and qualitative - quantitative. The general assumption has proven that: "there is a significant relationship between structural elements, surface and functional assessment of the main runway pavement Airport Pisco" Renan Elias Olivera "and compliance with the standard set by the FAA become accepted as an alternate airport Jorge Chavez. Validation of the hypothesis has been tested and demonstrated through the analysis of different soil layers, soil thickness characteristic foundation through pits and characteristics of the asphalt airport runway Renan Elias Olivera and compliance with the standard set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), generating the overall conclusion as a result of the verification of the overall hypothesis by the following statement: "... It has been determined that the structural, surface and functional evaluation of pavement from the main runway airport Pisco: Renan Elias Olivera meets the requirements of the FAA to be an alternate airport Jorge Chavez".

This research investigates cases of learning pathways for improving rehabilitation practices for key occupations in the mining industry. The study is set up as a partnership research programme between Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre in South Africa, and the South African Qualification Authority, focussing on workplace learning and sustainability practices. This research programme seeks to understand the implications of the move to a knowledge society, with its emphasis on knowledge building over time, particularly in and for the environmental sector. The research was conducted as a qualitative case study that made use of semi-structured interviews, document analysis, visual photographs and observations as instruments of data gathering. Participants were sampled from two case studies, one in Limpopo province and the other one in Mpumalanga Province, who are directly involved in rehabilitation practices and related education and training programmes. The study makes use of career stories from the key occupations to provide insight into workplace learning pathways to inform education and training in the mining industry. A series of analytical statements captures some of the main findings on early education histories, career choices, learning pathway decisions and experiences related to sustainable practices and some complexities related to learning pathways. Environment and sustainability education is a cross-cutting issue in the NQF; and it pertains to the mining sector, especially to rehabilitation practices, which form the focus of this study as little is known about learning pathways associated with these sustainability practices. Insights from the study should enable the sector to enhance rehabilitation training for key occupations and at the same time encourage lifelong learning contributing towards sustainable development.

Visualization is used for stainless steel container wall and lid cross section characterization. Two specific types of containers are examined: 3013 and SAVY. The container wall examined is from a sample of the inner container of a 3013 container. The inner lid cross section examined is from a SAVY container. Laser confocal microscope data and photographic data are used to determine features of the surfaces. The surface features are then characterized by various feature statistics, such as, maximum depth, area, eccentricity, and others. The purpose of this pilot study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using the methodology to detect potential corrosion events on the inner container surfaces. The features are used to quantify these corrosion events. An automatic image analysis system uses this methodology to classify images for possible further human analysis by flagging possible corrosion events. A manual image analysis methodology is used to determine the amount of MnS on the SAVY container lid cross section. Visualization is an integral component of the analysis methodology.

No description available.

Afin de freiner les multiples conséquences engendrées par l’urbanisation, notamment la présence d’îlots de chaleur, l’augmentation d’espaces verts est une des stratégies mise de l’avant par de plus en plus de municipalités. À Montréal, plusieurs arrondissements ont récemment agrandi leurs fosses de plantation sur trottoir pour, entre autres, favoriser la survie des arbres et augmenter le nombre d’arbres plantés. Dans ces grandes fosses, la plantation d’une végétation herbacée compagne est un nouvel objectif afin de promouvoir la biodiversité et les services écologiques. Cependant, peu d’informations existent à ce jour sur les espèces qui peuvent être plantées durablement dans ce type d’environnement hostile. Dans ce contexte, mon projet avait pour objectif d’identifier un ou des mélanges d’ensemencement efficaces et performants pour favoriser la biodiversité et contrer l’invasion d’espèces nuisibles, tout en maximisant les services écologiques telle la fertilité des sols et la pollinisation. J’ai testé quatre mélanges, dont trois de type soleil et un de type mi-ombre, composés de 19 à 33 espèces. Mes résultats indiquent que les mélanges les plus diversifiés réduisent significativement l’établissement d’espèces nuisibles en plus d’accroitre l’abondance et la diversité de pollinisateurs. Cependant, la diversité végétale et la fertilité du sol dans les fosses étaient similaires entre les mélanges après deux années. Cette étude met en lumière les fosses de trottoir végétalisées en milieu urbain comme une approche novatrice pour l’avenir du verdissement et de l'aménagement urbain, tout en apportant des perspectives précieuses pour améliorer les futures initiatives dans ce domaine. / To curb the multiple consequences of urbanization, notably the presence of heat islands, increasing the amount of green space is one of the strategies put forward by an increasing number of municipalities. In Montreal, several boroughs have recently enlarged their sidewalk planting pits to, among other things, favor tree survival and increase the urban canopy. In these large pits, planting herbaceous companion vegetation is a new objective to promote biodiversity. However, more information is needed on which species can be sustainably planted in this hostile environment. In this context, my project aimed to identify the most effective and efficient seed mix regarding biodiversity, weed control, and ecological services (soil fertility and pollination). We tested four seed mixes, three sunny and one semi-shady, composed of 19 to 33 species. Our results indicate that the most diverse mix significantly reduces weed establishment and increases pollinator abundance and diversity. However, soil fertility and plant diversity in the pits were similar between seed mixes after two years. This study highlights urban vegetated sidewalk pits as an innovative approach to the future of greening and urban design, while providing valuable insights to improve future initiatives in this field.

This dissertation examines memoirs and non/fiction of the Vietnam War, written by combat veterans (Tim O'Brien, Tobias Wolff, Ron Kovic), and army nurses (Lynda Van Devanter and Joan Furey), and war correspondents (Micheal Herr), most of whom joined the antiwar movement, and used their own war wounds as incontrovertible evidence against it. Since these authors' traumatization compromised their memories of combat, their narratives feature literary devices reflective of post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology (e.g. flashbacks, non-linear plots, repetition, disassociation). Their authenticity stems from the military jargon, lewd dialogue, and dark humor contained within. A mix of truth-telling and bullshitting paradoxically coexist in these texts; as trauma theories elucidate, improvisation (of details) does not diminish the integrity of a traumatic memory, or the memoir itself. In an era of Nixonian follies, whistleblowing became a high stakes endeavor for journalists and veterans. They exposed the military's standard operating procedures that violated the Geneva Conventions such as free-fire zones, wide-scale bombings, and chemical warfare (e.g. Napalm, Dioxin, Agent Orange). Desiring reformation, the Vietnam Veterans Against the War conducted their own Winter Soldier Investigation into the Mỹ Lai massacre, sending spokesperson John Kerry to testify during the Fulbright Hearings. Women served thanklessly in the war, yet were excluded from men's organizations and denied Veteran's Administration benefits for diseases contracted in Vietnam until Lynda Van Devanter published her memoir, Home Before Morning, then lobbied for women's rights. She inspired a collection of poetry, and a spinoff TV show, China Beach, though she was never credited for the latter.