Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "December 2007" Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of California, Berkeley. / "UCRL-9012." "Contract no. W-7405-eng-48." Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-101).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: William H. Outlaw Jr., Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 26, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 60 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.F.C.S.)--Bowling Green State University, 2006. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 57 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an attempt to reduce the pH of juice and wine, different fertiliser applications and canopy management practices were evaluated in a field trial. Fertiliser treatments consisted of no, CaS04, Ca(OH)2, and MgS04 fertilisation. Canopy management was as follows: suckering (leaving only two shoots per bearer), tipping, vertical shoot positioning and removal of lateral shoots and yellow leaves in the bunch zone (Canopy 1); suckering (leaving three shoots per bearer), vertical shoot positioning as well as topping (Canopy 2); vertical shoot positioning and topping (Canopy 3). The field trial was conducted in the Paardeberg region on the farms Meerlus and Kersfontein. The vineyard at Meerlus was Cabernet franc/R99 with a high canopy density and a good root distribution, established on a sandy loam soil of granite origin, with a low subsoil pH and a high K content. The vineyard at Kersfontein was Cabemet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt with a lower canopy density and a less extensive root distribution, also established on a sandy loam soil of granite origin, but with a low top- and subsoil pH and a higher K content. Fertilisation had no significant influence on the K content of juice and wine. Fertilisation with Ca and Mg reduced the pH of juice significantly in the case of Meerlus. In contrast, Mg fertilisation increased the pH of juice significantly at Kersfontein. Lastly, fertilisation had no significant effect on the pH of the wine. The K content of the juice at Meerlus was significantly reduced by Canopy 3 in comparison with Canopy 1 and 2. However, in contrast with Canopy 1 and 3, Canopy 2 significantly increased the pH of juice at Meerlus. The K content of the juice at Kersfontein was significantly reduced by Canopy 1, compared to Canopy 2 and 3, with no significant effect on the pH of the juice. Canopy management had no significant effect on wine pH. It appears to be possible to reduce the pH of juice in the case of Cabernet franc/99R, situated on granite soils, by means of Ca and Mg fertilisation. Because Ca(OH)2 and MgS04 fertilisation increased the maturity of Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt grapes, it was impossible to evaluate the effect of fertilisation on the pH of juice at Kersfontein. The general phenomenon that a high canopy density results in a high pH of juice and wine, was not observed in this field trial. The possible reasons for this were the low canopy density of the control plots, as well as the difference in maturity between canopy management treatments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 'n poging om die pH van sap en wyn te verlaag, is die effek van verskillende bemesting- en lowerbestuursfaktore in 'n veldproef geêvalueer. Bemesting het bestaan uit geen, CaS04, Ca(OH)2 en MgS04 toediennings. Lowerbestuur was: suier tot twee lote per draer, tip, vertikale lootposisionering, verwydering van sylote en geel blare in trossone (Lower 1); suier tot drie lote per draer, top en vertikale lootposisionering (Lower 2); top en vertikale lootposisionering met geen suier nie (Lower 3). Die veldproef is op twee plase nl. Meerlus en Kersfontein, in die Paardeberg omgewing uitgevoer. Die wingerd by Meerlus was Cabernet franc/R99 met 'n hoë lowerdigtheid en goeie wortelverspreiding, wat op 'n sandleemgrond van graniet oorsprong met In lae ondergrond-pH en hoë K-inhoud gevestig is. Die wingerd by Kersfontein het bestaan uit Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt met 'n laer lowerdigtheid en swakker wortelverspreiding, wat op In sandleemgrond van graniet oorsprong met In deurgaans lae grond-pH en baie hoë K-inhoud gevestig is. Bemesting het geen betekenisvolle invloed op die K-inhoud van sap en wyn gehad nie. By Meerlus het Ca- en Mg-bemesting egter die pH van sap betekenisvol verlaag. In teenstelling hiermee het Mg-bemesting die sap-ph by Kersfontein betekenisvol verhoog. Bemesting het verder geen betekenisvolle invloed op die pH van wyn gehad nie. Lower 3 het die K-inhoud van sap by Meerlus betekenisvol verlaag in vergelyking met Lower 1 en Lower 2. By Kersfontein was die K-inhoud van sap by Lower 1 betekenisvollaer as by Lower 2 en Lower 3. Teenoor Lower 1 en Lower 3 het Lower 2 'n betekenisvol hoër sap-pH by Meerlus tot gevolg gehad. Lowerbehandelings het egter geen betekenisvolle invloed op die pH van wyn gehad nie. Die moontlikheid bestaan dus om die sap-pH van Cabernet franc/R99 op granietgrond betekenisvol m.b.v. Ca- en Mg-bemesting te verlaag. Aangesien Ca(OH)2- en MgS04- bemesting die rypheidsgraad van Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt se druiwe betekenisvol verhoog het, was dit onmoontlik om die effek van bemesting op sap-pH by Kersfontein te evalueer. Die algemene verskynsel dat 'n hoë lowerdigtheid tot hoë pH's in sap en wyn lei, is nie in die proef ondervind nie. Die lae lowerdigtheid van die kontrole persele en die verskil in rypheidsgraad tussen lowerbehandelings kan moontlik as rede hiervoor aangevoer word.

Complexos de caulinita intercalada com acetato de potássio estão em destaque em diversos estudos devido a sua variada aplicação na indústria. A facilidade com que ocorre o processo de intercalação do acetato de potássio na matriz da caulinita corrobora na utilização do material em muitas outras reações e produtos. Duas metodologias de intercalação foram comparadas nesse trabalho, processos mecanoquímico e por imersão. Técnicas de caracterização como Difração de Raios X de pó (DRX), Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (IVTF), Espectroscopia Eletrônica por Reflectância Difusa em amostras sólidas (DRUV-Vis) foram utilizadas para a verificação do material preparado. Com o intuito de obter um material possível de ser usado como um fertilizante de liberação controlada de potássio foi realizado o estudo do comportamento térmico por meio de análises térmicas de DSC/TGA/DTG e a avaliação do material após ensaio de lixiviação. Além dos métodos de intercalação, porcentagens diferentes dos reagentes foram comparadas, levando a um resultado de melhor índice de retenção antes e depois da lixiviação juntamente com a estabilidade térmica do produto de intercalação, o material obtido na metodologia de intercalação do KAc foi de 20%, em imersão em solução. / Kaolinite complexes interspersed with potassium acetate are highlighted in several studies due to its wide application in industry. The ease with which occurs intercalation process of potassium acetate kaolinite matrix from the material supports the use of many other reactions and products. Merge two procedures were compared in this work, mechanochemical reaction and the wet. Characterization techniques as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic on solid samples (DRUV-Vis) were used for the verification of the material prepared. In order to obtain a material can be used as a potassium fertilizer controlled release was carried out to study the thermal behavior by thermal analysis DSC / TGA / DTG and evaluation of the material after leaching test. In addition to interleaving different methods, percentages of reactants were compared, leading to a better result of the reaction rate before and after leaching along with the thermal stability of the material collating product obtained in KAc the intercalation retention at the best index was 20% by immersion in solution.

The increased demand for agricultural products necessitates the use of precision farming tools and fertilizers properly allowing the optimization of the production space and obtaining high yields. Various fertilizers are offered in the market with different nutrients, chemical forms, particle size and efficiency. Combine operational, agronomic and economic aspect also requires studies of the strategies of fertilizer application, in order to support decision making on the use of new technologies. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of fertilizer sources and application strategies in soybean comparing the broadcast application in surface and in the row. The study was conducted with soybean under no-tillage in crop years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, a Oxisoil in Cruz Alta, RS. The treatments were four fertilizer sources (Factor A) and two implementation strategies (Factor B), the experimental design in randomized blocks with 4 replications. The fertilizer sources are: Microessentials S9 09-46-00; Microessentials S9 07-34-12; Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP); Formula 00-20-20, with doses adjusted so as to be maintained at the same nutritional ratio at 92 kg ha-1 for P2O5 and K2O, with the use of KCl (00-00-60) casting on the surface. The different sources were applied to the surface and haul in the row. The highest soybean are associated with the use of different fertilizers, both in the mix other materials (S9 07-34-12) as when pure (S9 9:46:00), both applied in the row as the surface haul . In 2013/2014 harvest, significant interaction of the factors. A significant different sources of fertilizers only when applied in the row effect. The higher productivity of soybean is associated with the use of the formula of S9 07-34-12 line in the row. In this formula, the dose provides differentiated amount of nutrients, in particular as to potassium, with approximately 30 kg ha-1 of K2O in the row. The lower productivity of soybeans is associated with the use of Formula 00-20-20, especially when applied in the row, probably associated with the salt effect due to high levels of potassium in the row. / O aumento da demanda por produtos agrícolas torna imprescindível o uso de ferramentas de Agricultura de Precisão e de fertilizantes de maneira adequada permitindo a otimização do espaço produtivo e a obtenção de altas produtividades. Vários fertilizantes são ofertados no mercado, com diferentes nutrientes, formas químicas, granulometria e eficiência. Aliar o aspecto operacional, agronômico e econômico também exige estudos das estratégias de aplicação dos fertilizantes, visando dar suporte na tomada de decisão da utilização de novas tecnologias. O estudo tem como objetivo: avaliar a eficiência de fontes de fertilizantes e de estratégias de aplicação na soja, comparando a aplicação a lanço e na linha de semeadura. O estudo foi conduzido com a cultura da soja sob plantio direto, nos anos agrícolas 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, em Cruz Alta, RS. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro fontes de fertilizantes (Fator A) em duas estratégias de aplicação (Fator B), no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições. As fontes fertilizantes são: Microessentials S9 09-46-00; Microessentials S9 07-34-12; Fosfato Monoamônico (MAP); Fórmula 00-20-20, sendo as doses ajustadas de maneira a ser mantida a mesma relação nutricional em 92 kg ha-1 para P2O5 e K2O, com a utilização de KCl (00-00-60) a lanço. As diferentes fontes foram aplicadas a lanço e na linha de semeadura. As maiores produtividades de soja estão associadas à utilização dos fertilizantes diferenciados, tanto em mistura a outras matérias-primas (S9 07-34-12) como quando puro (S9 09.46.00), tanto aplicado na linha de semeadura como a lanço. Na safra 2013/2014, houve interação significativa dos fatores. Observou-se efeito significativo às diferentes fontes de fertilizantes somente quando aplicado na linha de semeadura. A maior produtividade de soja está associada à utilização da fórmula da linha S9 07-34-12 na linha de semeadura. Nesta fórmula, a dose utilizada fornece quantidade de nutrientes diferenciada, em especial, quanto ao potássio (K), com aproximadamente 30 kg ha-1 de K2O na linha de semeadura. A menor produtividade de grãos de soja está associada à utilização da Fórmula 00-20-20, em especial, quando aplicados na linha de semeadura, provavelmente associado ao efeito salino devido às altas doses de K na linha de semeadura.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-10-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 foloni_jss_dr_botfca.pdf: 804895 bytes, checksum: eed8c0d64df6ac23a2b7d1aa9d626398 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a dinâmica do potássio no sistema solo-palha-planta, com a rotação das culturas milheto, soja e aveia preta conduzidas em semeadura direta, em função do manejo da adubação potássica ao longo de três anos agrícolas. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, nos anos agrícolas de 2000/2001, 2001/2002 e 2002/2003. O solo foi classificado como Latossolo vermelho distroférrico de textura média (770 g kg-1 de areia, 210 g kg-1 de argila e 20 g kg-1 de silte). A área vinha sendo cultivada com soja em semeadura direta por um ano agrícola antes da instalação do experimento. No primeiro ano de condução do experimento, o milheto (Pennisetum glaucum, var. BN-2) foi semeado em Setembro/2000, sobre a palha de aveia preta (Avena strigosa). A adubação nesta semeadura foi de 20 kg ha-1 de P2O5 (Superfosfato Simples) e 15 kg ha-1 de N (Nitrocálcio). O milheto foi dessecado por ocasião da semeadura da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill, var. IAC-17), que foi semeada em Dezembro/2001, com 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5 . Em Abril/2001, fez-se a semeadura da aveia preta sem o uso de fertilizantes. A aveia preta foi dessecada na semeadura do milheto (Setembro/2001), que por sua vez foi dessecado na semeadura da soja (Dezembro/2001). As adubações do milheto e da soja foram as mesmas utilizadas no ano anterior. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, num esquema fatorial 4 x 4 ( 0, 30, 60 e 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados na semeadura do milheto x 0, 30, 60, 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados na semeadura da soja), constituindo 16 tratamentos, com quatro repetições. A palha da superfície do solo foi coletada na semeadura do milheto, na semeadura da soja, e aos 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias após a emergência da soja (DAE da soja), nos dois primeiros anos agrícolas. O solo foi coletado nas mesmas épocas de coleta... / The objective of this experiment was to study the potassium dynamics in no-tillage system, crop development and soybean yields, in different rates of potassic fertilization. The experiment was carried out in Fazenda Experimental Lageado in FCA/Unesp, in São Paulo state, Brazil, for 3 years. The soil was classified like Latossolo red distroférrico with medium texture (770 g kg-1 of sand, 210 g kg-1 of clay and 20 g kg-1 of silt ). The area had been cropped to soybean in no-tillage for one year before the experiment. In the first year, Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, var. BN-2) was planted in September, over black oat (Avena strigosa) straw, receiving 20 kg ha-1 of P2O5 (Simple super phosphate) and 15 kg ha-1 of N (Calcium Nitrate). earl millet was desiccated at the same time that soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill, var. IAC-17) was planted, in December/2001, using 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5. In Abril/2001, black oat was planted without fertilizers. Black oat was desiccated at the same time that Pearl millet was planted (September/2001), and was desiccated at the next soybean planting (December/2001). Pearl millet and soybean fertilizations were the same as those used in the previous year. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial design with randomized complete blocks (0, 30, 60 and 90 Kg ha-1 of K2O applied at Pearl millet planting x 0, 30, 60, 90 Kgha-1 of K2O applied to soybean), with four replications. The soil surface straw was collected at Pearl millet planting and at soybean planting, at 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after soybean emergence (DAE), in both years. Soil samples were taken at the same times as straw samplings, in the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep, in both years. Soybean shoots were collected at 25, 50, 75 and 100 DAE, in both years. Roots were sampled at 50 DAE, in the same depths as soil was sampled. At harvest yields were determined... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 franca_jg_dr_jabo.pdf: 2251025 bytes, checksum: 4391181f6db61217e2ad4bea2e7f55fd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial tóxico do permanganato de potássio (KMnO4) através da avaliação da toxicidade aguda (CL50;96 h) e crônica para a tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus e a ecotoxicidade desse composto através de ensaios com o microcrustáceo Ceriodaphnia dubia e com a microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Para o teste de toxicidade aguda foram utilizados alevinos de tilápia (0,52 + 0,10g e 3,35 + 0,36 cm), expostos a seguintes concentrações: 0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 mg.L-1 KMnO4. Os efeitos subletais do KMnO4 foram avaliados pelo do teste de toxicidade crônica, com um grupo controle e duas concentraçõesteste, utilizadas na aqüicultura para o manejo e controle de doenças (1,0 e 4,0 mg.L-1 KMnO4). Para este teste foram utilizadas tilápias (40 g) jovens, expostas por 30 dias, com amostragem de 10 indivíduos por tratamento, nos intervalos de 0, 7, 15 e 30 dias. Os biomarcadores avaliados no presente estudo foram: análises hematológicas, da atividade fagocítica, determinações da concentração de GSH, da atividade enzimática da GST, catalase e peroxidação lipídica e genótoxicas. No teste de toxicidade aguda, o baixo valor de CL50;96h (1,81 mg.L-1), sugere que esta espécie de peixe, nesta fase de desenvolvimento, apresenta grande sensibilidade ao composto. No teste de toxicidade crônica, os peixes expostos na concentração de 1 mg.L-1 de KMnO4 não apresentaram variações significativas nos parâmetros sanguíneos analisados quando comparados ao grupo controle. Na concentração de 4 mg.L-1, as alterações no quadro hematológico indicaram processo de hemólise e redução da atividade fagocítica em consequência da ação oxidante do KMnO4. Nas concentrações de 1 e 4 mg.L-1 KMnO4 houve redução significativa da capacidade fagocítica de macrófagos. Na análise bioquímica, somente a enzima GSH apresentou aumento significativo... / This study aimed know the toxic potential of the potassium permanganate (KMnO4) through the evaluation of the acute (LC50;96h) and cronic toxicity to tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and the ecotoxicity of this compound through the assays with the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia and with microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. For the acute toxicity test were used tilapia fingerlings (0.52 + 0.10g and 3.35 + 0.36 cm), exposed to concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 mg.L-1 KMnO4. The sublethal effects of the KMnO4 were evaluated through cronic toxicity test, with a control group and two test concentrations, used in the aquaculture to management and control fishes diseases (1.0 and 4.0 mg.L-1 KMnO4). To this experiment were used with juvenile tilapia (40 g), exposed for 30 days, with samples of 10 individuals from each treatment at intervals of 0, 7, 15 and 30- days. The biomarkers evaluated in this present study were: hematological analysis, phagocytic activity, determination of GSH concentration, of enzymatic activity of GST, catalase, lipid peroxidation and genotoxities. In the acute toxicity test, the low value of LC50;96h (1.81 mg.L- 1), suggests that this species of fish, in this phase of development, it presents the great sensitivity to the KMnO4. In the cronic toxicity test, the fishes exposed in the concentrations of 1 mg.L-1 de KMnO4 did not present significant variations in the analyzed sanguineous parameters when compared with the control group. In concentration of 4 mg.L-1 the hematological alterations indicated process of hemolysis and immunosuppression in consequence of the oxidant action of KMnO4. In the immunologicals analysis, the concentrations of 1 and 4 mg.L-1 KMnO4 had significant reduction of the fagocitic capacity of the fishes suggesting suppression of the immune system. In the analysis biochemical, only the enzyme GSH presented significant increase... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)