Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 franca_jg_dr_jabo.pdf: 2251025 bytes, checksum: 4391181f6db61217e2ad4bea2e7f55fd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial tóxico do permanganato de potássio (KMnO4) através da avaliação da toxicidade aguda (CL50;96 h) e crônica para a tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus e a ecotoxicidade desse composto através de ensaios com o microcrustáceo Ceriodaphnia dubia e com a microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Para o teste de toxicidade aguda foram utilizados alevinos de tilápia (0,52 + 0,10g e 3,35 + 0,36 cm), expostos a seguintes concentrações: 0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 mg.L-1 KMnO4. Os efeitos subletais do KMnO4 foram avaliados pelo do teste de toxicidade crônica, com um grupo controle e duas concentraçõesteste, utilizadas na aqüicultura para o manejo e controle de doenças (1,0 e 4,0 mg.L-1 KMnO4). Para este teste foram utilizadas tilápias (40 g) jovens, expostas por 30 dias, com amostragem de 10 indivíduos por tratamento, nos intervalos de 0, 7, 15 e 30 dias. Os biomarcadores avaliados no presente estudo foram: análises hematológicas, da atividade fagocítica, determinações da concentração de GSH, da atividade enzimática da GST, catalase e peroxidação lipídica e genótoxicas. No teste de toxicidade aguda, o baixo valor de CL50;96h (1,81 mg.L-1), sugere que esta espécie de peixe, nesta fase de desenvolvimento, apresenta grande sensibilidade ao composto. No teste de toxicidade crônica, os peixes expostos na concentração de 1 mg.L-1 de KMnO4 não apresentaram variações significativas nos parâmetros sanguíneos analisados quando comparados ao grupo controle. Na concentração de 4 mg.L-1, as alterações no quadro hematológico indicaram processo de hemólise e redução da atividade fagocítica em consequência da ação oxidante do KMnO4. Nas concentrações de 1 e 4 mg.L-1 KMnO4 houve redução significativa da capacidade fagocítica de macrófagos. Na análise bioquímica, somente a enzima GSH apresentou aumento significativo... / This study aimed know the toxic potential of the potassium permanganate (KMnO4) through the evaluation of the acute (LC50;96h) and cronic toxicity to tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and the ecotoxicity of this compound through the assays with the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia and with microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. For the acute toxicity test were used tilapia fingerlings (0.52 + 0.10g and 3.35 + 0.36 cm), exposed to concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 mg.L-1 KMnO4. The sublethal effects of the KMnO4 were evaluated through cronic toxicity test, with a control group and two test concentrations, used in the aquaculture to management and control fishes diseases (1.0 and 4.0 mg.L-1 KMnO4). To this experiment were used with juvenile tilapia (40 g), exposed for 30 days, with samples of 10 individuals from each treatment at intervals of 0, 7, 15 and 30- days. The biomarkers evaluated in this present study were: hematological analysis, phagocytic activity, determination of GSH concentration, of enzymatic activity of GST, catalase, lipid peroxidation and genotoxities. In the acute toxicity test, the low value of LC50;96h (1.81 mg.L- 1), suggests that this species of fish, in this phase of development, it presents the great sensitivity to the KMnO4. In the cronic toxicity test, the fishes exposed in the concentrations of 1 mg.L-1 de KMnO4 did not present significant variations in the analyzed sanguineous parameters when compared with the control group. In concentration of 4 mg.L-1 the hematological alterations indicated process of hemolysis and immunosuppression in consequence of the oxidant action of KMnO4. In the immunologicals analysis, the concentrations of 1 and 4 mg.L-1 KMnO4 had significant reduction of the fagocitic capacity of the fishes suggesting suppression of the immune system. In the analysis biochemical, only the enzyme GSH presented significant increase... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1379485 bytes, checksum: ae907e91268da44815445844aa82dc49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / 8(17),12e,14-labdatrien-18 oic acid (labdane-302), is a diterpene isolated from the stem bark of Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St.-Hil. & Tul. In a preliminary study, Ribeiro (2003) demonstrated that labdane-302 inhibited the phasic contractions induced by carbachol (CCh) or histamine (IC50 = 1.7  0.5 and 0.9  0.2 x 10-5 M, respectively) on guinea-pig ileum. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spasmolytic action mechanism of labdane-302 in that organ. Isometric and isotonic contractions were monitored, and the parameters of relative potency and efficacy were determined from cumulative concentration-response curves. Labdane-302 inhibited (pD´2 = 4.9  0.2; r2 = 0.8  0.1) the cumulative concentration-response curves to histamine, and these were shifted to the right, in a non-parallel manner (Schild plot slope = 4.2  1.4), with depression of the maximal effect (Emax), suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism. Labdane-302 relaxed, in an equipotent manner, the ileum pre-contracted with KCl, CCh or histamine, suggesting that this diterpene could be acting on Cav. This assumption was confirmed by observation that labdane-302 antagonized the CaCl2 induced contractions in the depolarizing medium without Ca2+ (pD´2 = 5.3  0.1; r2 = 0.5  0.05 ), with shift of the concentration-response curve to the right, in a non-parallel manner (Schild plot slope = 2.6  0.5), with depression of Emax. As in the guinea-pig ileum the major CaV subtype is the Cav 1, we decided to investigated its role in the action mechanism of labdane-302, and was verified that the diterpene relaxed (EC50 = 3.6  0.8 x 10-5 M) the ileum pre-contracted with S-(-)-Bay K8644, a selective agonist of the Cav1. As the potent relaxing of labdane-302 was no different when ileum pre-contracted with KCl or S-(-)-Bay K8644, it is suggestive of indirect blockade of the Cav1. Since K+ channels play a major role in the regulation of membrane potential and modulation of CaV, we decided to investigate the participation of K+ channels in the spasmolytic action of labdane-302. The relaxant potency of labdane-302 (EC50 = 1.5  0.3 x 10-5 M) was decreased on 2.4 times in the presence of CsCl, a non-selective K+channels blocker (CE50 = 3,5  0,6 x 10-5 M), suggesting a possible involvement of the K+ channels in the spasmolytic effect caused by labdane-302. In order to verify which subtypes of K+ channels could be involved we used selectives blockers of these channels. The observation that 4-aminopyridine, a selective blocker of Kv, and that TEA+ 1 mM, a selective blocker of the BKca did not change the relaxant effect of labdane-302 suggests that KV and BKca are not involved in its action mechanism. On the other hand, the log concentration-response curve induced by labdane-302 was shifted to the right in the presence of apamine, selective blocker of the SKCa, (EC50 = 3.3  0.4 x 10-5 M) or glibenclamide, selective blocker of the KATP, (EC50 = 3.2  0.3 x 10-5 M), suggesting the involvement of SKCa and KATP in the spasmolytic action mechanism induced by labdane-302 on guinea-pig ileum. In the presence of aminophylline the potency of labdane-302 was increased (EC50 = 0.4 ± 0.03 x 10-5 M), which indicate participation of cyclic nucleotides. These results suggest that the relaxant effect of labdane-302 on guinea-pig ileum, involves the activation of the SKCa and KATP with the consequent blocking of Cav-L and involvement of the cyclic nucleotides. / O ácido 8(17),12e,14-labdatrieno-18-óico (labdano-302) é um diterpeno isolado das cascas do caule de Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St.-Hil. & Tul. Em estudos anteriores Ribeiro (2003) demonstrou que o labdano-302 inibiu as contrações fásicas induzidas por carbacol (CCh) e histamina (CI50 = 1,7  0,5 e 0,9  0,2 x 10-5 M, respectivamente) em íleo de cobaia. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o mecanismo de ação espasmolítica do labdano-302 neste órgão. As contrações isométricas e isotônicas foram monitoradas e os parâmetros de potência e eficácia relativas foram determinados a partir de curvas de concentrações-resposta cumulativas. O labdano-302 inibiu (pD´2 = 4,9  0,2; r2 = 0,8  0,1) as curvas cumulativas à histamina e estas foram desviadas para direita, de forma não paralela ( slope de Schild = 4,2  1,4) e com redução do Emax, sugerindo um antagonismo não competitivo. O labdano-302 relaxou, de maneira equipotente, o íleo pré-contraído com KCl, CCh ou histamina sugerindo que este diterpeno deve estar agindo Cav. Essa sugestão foi confirmada pelo fato do labdano-302 ter antagonizado as contrações induzidas por CaCl2 em meio despolarizante nominalmente sem Ca2+ (pD´2 = 5,3  0,1; r2 = 0,5  0,05 ), com desvio da curva concentrações-resposta para direita, de forma não paralela ( slope de Schild = 2,6  0,5) e com redução do Emax. Como em íleo de cobaia o CaV mais expresso é o Cav 1, decidiu-se investigar a sua participação no mecanismo de ação do labdano-302 e foi verificado que o diterpeno relaxou (CE50 = 3,6  0,8 x 10-5 M) o íleo pré-contraído com S-(-)-Bay K8644, um ativador seletivo dos Cav1. Como a potência relaxante do labdano-302 não foi diferente quando o órgão era pré-contraído com KCl ou S-(-)-Bay K8644, isto é sugestivo de bloqueio indireto dos Cav1. Uma vez que os canais de K+ desempenham um papel chave na regulação do potencial de membrana e modulação dos CaV, decidiu-se investigar a participação dos canais de K+ na ação espasmolítica do labdano-302. A potência relaxante de labdano-302 (CE50 = 1,5  0,3 x 10-5 M) foi reduzida em aproximadamente 2,4 vezes na presença de CsCl, bloqueador não seletivo dos canais de K+ (CE50 = 3,5  0,6 x 10-5 M), sugerindo a participação de canais de K+ no efeito do labdano-302. Para verificar qual(is) canal(is) de K+ estariam envolvidos usou-se bloqueadores seletivos desses canais. O fato da 4-aminopiridina, bloqueador seletivo dos Kv, e do tetraetilamônio 1 mM, bloqueador seletivo dos BKca não alterar o efeito relaxante do labdano-302 indica que os KV e os BKca não estão envolvidos em seu mecanismo de ação. Entretanto, a curva de relaxamento induzida pelo labdano-302 foi desviada para direita na presença de apamina, um bloqueador seletivo dos SKCa (CE50 = 3,3  0,4 x 10-5 M) ou de glibenclamida, um bloqueador seletivo dos KATP, (CE50 = 3,2  0,3 x 10-5 M), sugerindo o envolvimento dos SKCa e dos KATP no mecanismo de ação espasmolítica do labdano-302 em íleo isolado de cobaia. Na presença de aminofilina, a potência do labdano-302 foi aumentada (CE50 = 0.4 ± 0.03 x 10-5 M), o que indica a participação de nucleotídeos cíclicos. Esses resultados sugerem que o efeito relaxante do labdano-302 em íleo de cobaia, envolve a ativação dos SKCa e KATP com o conseqüente bloqueio de Cav-L e o envolvimento de nucleotídeos cíclicos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06438.pdf: 3544819 bytes, checksum: 626dbfb5d984317f4ef60a7e9d45aa5c (MD5) / Dissertacao (mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Carlos Feltran / Resumo: O potássio (K) é o nutriente mais absorvido e exportado pela cultura da mandioca. Porém, em solos de textura arenosa o K pode ser perdido mais facilmente por lixiviação, sendo que nesses solos a resposta da mandioca a aplicação de K é maior. Levando em consideração que a mandioca apresenta ciclo longo e crescimento inicial lento, pode ser que a aplicação de K apenas na fase de implantação da cultura não seja suficiente para garantir produtividades satisfatórias, principalmente em condições de solo arenoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e formas de parcelamento da adubação potássica sobre a produtividade e qualidade das raízes tuberosas da mandioca de mesa cultivar IAC 576-70, cultivada em solo arenoso. O experimento foi conduzido em áreas individuais por dois anos agrícolas (2014/15 e 2015/16) no município de São Manuel-SP (22° 44' S e 48° 34' O e 740 m de altitude). O delineamento experimental em ambos os anos foi o de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 3x4+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 3 doses de K2O (45, 90 e 180 kg ha-1 ) combinadas com 4 formas de parcelamento (1 - 100% no plantio; 2 - 1/2 no plantio e 1/2 aos 45 dias após o plantio (DAP); 3 - 1/2 no plantio e 1/2 aos 90 DAP; 4 - 1/3 no plantio, 1/3 aos 45 DAP e 1/3 aos 90 DAP); além da testemunha sem K. A colheita da mandioca foi realizada ao final de 10 meses de ciclo. Foram avaliados, diagnose foliar, número e diâmetro das hastes, número de folhas por planta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Potassium (K) is the nutrient most absorbed and removed by cassava. However, in sandy soils, it may be easier to leach, and it is not a cassava application. Taking into account that cassava presents a long cycle and slow initial growth, it may be the application of K only at the stage of crop implantation is not sufficient to guarantee satisfactory yields, especially in sandy soil conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of rates and forms of potassium application on yield and quality of cassava storage roots, cultivar IAC 576-70, cultivated in sandy soil. The experiment was conducted in individual areas for two agricultural years, 2014/15 and 2015/16 in the municipality of São Manuel-SP (22 ° 44 'S; 48 ° 34' W and 740 m above sea level). The experimental design, in both years, was a randomized block design, with a 3x4+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were consisted for 3 K2O rates (45, 90, and 180 kg ha-1 ) combined with 4 forms of K splitting (1 - 100% at planting, 2 - 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 45 days after plating (DAP), 3 - 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 90 DAP, 4 - 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at 45 DAP and 1/3 at 90 DAP), besides the control without K. Harvesting of cassava was carried out at the end of the 10 month cycle. It was evaluated: leaf number and diameter, number of leaves per plant, plant height and final plant population, number, length, diameter, and average weight of storage root, yield and quality of storage roots. In the first year of cultivation, the highest total and marketable storage root yield was obtained with the estimated rates of 110 and 107 kg ha-1 K2O, respectively. In the second year of cultivation, the highest values of total and marketable storage root yield occurred with the application of the rate of 180 kg ha-1 K2O divided in three times (planting, 45 DAP, and 90 DAP). The cooking time of the storage ... / Mestre

Chau, Kai Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-159). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter I --- Abstract --- p.i / Chapter II --- Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Chapter III --- Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter IV --- List of Figures --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Structure of Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Na+-K+ ATPase a subunit --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Na+-K+ ATPase β subunit --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Composition of the a subunit and β subunit --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1.5 --- Isomers of Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1.6 --- Mechanism of ion exchange --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Aquaporins --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Structure of AQP-1 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Distribution and function of AQP-1 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Hormone --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Structure of prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Functions of prolactin --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Growth hormone --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Structure --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Function of growth hormone --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Cortisol --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Structure --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Functions of cortisol --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Sparus sarba --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Urinary bladder of fish --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Effect of salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chronic effect of salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Fish --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Protein extraction and quantification --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Na+-K+ ATPase ATPase activity --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- RNA extraction and first strand cDNA synthesis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1.6 --- Validation of semi-quantitative RT-PCR --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1.7 --- Semi-quantification of expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Na+-K+ ATPase activity --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Relative expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in urinary bladder --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Chronic effect of salinity on Na+-K+ ATPase in urinary bladder --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Chronic effect of salinity on AQP-1 expression in urinary bladder --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of abrupt transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Materials and Methods --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Fish --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Effect of abrupt hypo-osmotic transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Effect of abrupt hyper-osmotic transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of in vitro salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Fish --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- Preparation of culture medium --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Effect of hormones on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- In vivo effect of hormones on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Material and method --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Fish --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Hormonal effect on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder of sea water adapted fish --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Hormonal effect on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder of brackish water adapted fish --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Effect of prolactin on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Effect of cortisol on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3 --- In vitro effect of hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Fish --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Preparation of culture medium --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Effect of prolactin on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Effect of cortisol on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Effect of prolactin on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.125 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Effect of cortisol on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.129 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusions --- p.131 / References --- p.136

No description available.

PSD95 is the canonical member of the Membrane Associated Guanylate Kinase class of scaffold proteins. PSD95 is a five-domain major scaffolding protein abundant in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of the neuronal excitatory synapse. Within PSD95 three PDZ domains modulate protein-protein interactions by selectively binding to short peptide motifs of target proteins. Under the direction of the multivalent PDZ domain interactions, the interacting proteins tend to cluster at the PSD, a phenomenon that is critical for synaptic signalling regulation. Earlier studies have shown that the N-terminal PDZ domains of PSD95 are obligatory for the clustering to occur. This thesis focuses on the strong inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir2.1 as the PSD95 binding partner. Kir2.1 is known to maintain membrane resting potential and control cell excitability. Previous studies have reported that Kir2.1 clustered into ordered tetrad complexes upon association with PSD95.This study investigates the detailed clustering mechanisms of Kir2.1 by PDZ domains. To achieve this, components that are involved in the formation of a complex namely PSD95 sub-domains comprising single PDZ and the tandem N terminal PDZ double domain (PDZ1-2), and Kir2.1 cytoplasmic domains(Kir2.1NC) are studied in detail via different structural and biophysical approaches; 1) PDZ1-2 is examined in apo- and bound ligand form with a Kir2.1 Cterminal peptide in crystal and solution via X-ray crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering; 2) the tandem and the single PDZ domain interaction with ligand are measured thermodynamically via isothermal calorimetry (ITC); 3) the complex of full length PSD95 with Kir2.1NC is analyzed with electron microscopy (EM). The protein components are produced in high quality by protein expression and multiple-step protein purification techniques. PDZ1-2 crystallographic structures were solved at 2.02A and 2.19A in theapo- and the liganded forms respectively. The solution state analysis showed domain separation and structural extension of the tandem domain when incorporated with the ligand. The ITC experiment revealed PDZ1-2 to have greater affinity towards the peptide ligand relative to the single PDZ domains. These combinatorial outcomes lead to the conclusion that PSD95 clusters Kir2.1 by adopting an enhanced binding interaction which is associated with increased PDZ1-2 inter-domain separation. The preliminary analysis of PSD95-Kir2.1NC complex with cryo-EM showed the establishment of a tetrad and led to a reconstruction at 40A resolution. The work in obtaining a higher resolution complex structure is promising with further data collection required to allow the employment of more sophisticated model reconstruction processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:15:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioMQ_DISSERT.pdf: 612767 bytes, checksum: d84f4b4205034f162382340e309c5a25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / In the northeast semi-arid, the culture of the sunflower can be cultivated under regime of rains or under irrigation conditions in the period of the drought. In Agropolo Mossoró- Assú, an important melon and watermelon production area in irrigation conditions during the drought period, the sunflower comes with high potential for culture rotation during the rainy period. However, the sunflower will only be economically viable if be obtained high productivities, what depends a lot on an appropriate fertilization. In this work it was aimed evaluating the answer of the sunflower culture (Helianthus annuus L.) to levels of K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), B (boron), Zn (zinc), Cu (copper) and to different sources of N (nitrogen) applied in the planting and in covering in alkaline soil of the Chapada do Apodi-RN. Two field trials were carried out in the municipal district of Baraúna-RN, in a clay eutrophic Haplic Cambisol. The sunflower was sowed in the spacing of 0,90 x 0,30 m using the hybrid H-251. The trial design had randomized blocks with four replications. In the trial 1, 10 treatments were compared with your respective nutrient applications to the soil, with five levels of K (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100 kg ha-1) and five levels of B (0,0; 0,5, 1,0; 2,0 and 3,0 kg ha-1). In the trial 2, seven treatments were compared with the objective of evaluating the effects of the presence and absence of the fertilization with Zn, Cu and Mg and the effects in different use forms (planting and, or, covering) of sources of N (urea and, or, ammonium sulfur). 47 days after emergency (DAE), samples composed of soil were collected in the depth from 0 to 20 cm of the useful area of each portion, for determination of the content of K, Mg, B, Zn and Cu available. In the beginning of the flower development of the sunflower, the nutritional status of the plants was evaluated, being determined the content of N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, Zn, B and Cu in the leaves. At the end of the trial, plant height, stem and chapter s diameter, mass of 1.000 grains and the yield of grains were evaluated. The application of K and B doses increased the levels of those nutrients ones in the soil, however there was not effect in the plant as well as the characteristics of the sunflower plant related to the growth and the production. The treatments of presence and absence of a dose of Zn, Cu and Mg didn't influence the characteristics of the sunflower plant related to the growth and the production. The N fertilization of the sunflower culture, using different sources of N applied in the planting and in covering, didn't influence the level of N in the leaf and the characteristics of the sunflower plant related to the growth and the production. / No semi-árido nordestino, a cultura do girassol pode ser cultivada sob regime de chuvas ou sob condições de irrigação no período da estiagem. No Agropolo Mossoró- Assú, região que se destaca na produção de melão e de melancia em condições de irrigação durante o período de estiagem, o girassol se apresenta com potencial elevado para rotação de cultura durante o período chuvoso. No entanto, o girassol só será economicamente viável se forem obtidas produtividades elevadas, o que depende muito de uma adubação adequada. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a resposta da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) a doses de potássio, magnésio, boro, zinco, cobre e a diferentes fontes de nitrogênio aplicadas no plantio e em cobertura em solo alcalino da Chapada do Apodi-RN. Dois experimentos de campo foram realizados no município de Baraúna RN, em um Cambissolo Háplico e de textura argilosa. O girassol foi plantado no espaçamento de 0,90 x 0,30 m utilizando o hibrido H-251. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. No experimento 1, foram comparados 10 tratamentos referentes à aplicação, no solo, de cinco doses de potássio (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de boro (0,0; 0,5, 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 kg ha-1). No experimento 2, compararam-se sete tratamentos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da presença e ausência de adubação com Zn, Cu e Mg e os efeitos de diferentes formas de utilização (plantio e, ou, cobertura) de fontes de N (uréia e, ou, sulfato de amônio). Aos 47 dias após a emergência (DAE) foram coletadas amostras compostas de solo na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm da área útil de cada parcela, para determinação dos teores de K, Mg, B, Zn e Cu disponíveis. No início do florescimento do girassol foi avaliado o estado nutricional das plantas, determinando-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, Zn, B e Cu nas folhas. Ao final do experimento, foram avaliadas a altura da planta, o diâmetro do caule, o diâmetro dos capítulos, a massa de 1.000 grãos e a produtividade de grãos. A aplicação de doses de potássio e de boro aumentou os teores desses nutrientes no solo, mas não aumentou os teores desses nutrientes na folha e nem influenciou as características da planta de girassol relacionadas ao crescimento e à produção. Os tratamentos de presença e ausência de uma dose de zinco, cobre e magnésio não influenciaram as características da planta de girassol relacionadas ao crescimento e à produção. A adubação nitrogenada da cultura do girassol, utilizando diferentes fontes de nitrogênio aplicadas no plantio e em cobertura, não influenciou o teor de nitrogênio na folha e as características da planta de girassol relacionadas ao crescimento e à produção.

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VASCONCELOS, Denise Vieira. Manejo de água e potassio por fertirrigação no maracujazeiro amarelo em alvorada do gurguéia, Piauí. 2007. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-17T17:57:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_dvvasconcelos.pdf: 2270341 bytes, checksum: e29aea1e2937644f7b4c3462b5fdb1e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:08:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_dvvasconcelos.pdf: 2270341 bytes, checksum: e29aea1e2937644f7b4c3462b5fdb1e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_dvvasconcelos.pdf: 2270341 bytes, checksum: e29aea1e2937644f7b4c3462b5fdb1e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This work aimed to study the effects of five layers of irrigation and five doses of potassium – applied through fertirrigation – on productivity and on quality of yellow passion fruits, in order to provide a proper crop management. The experiments were conducted on Embrapa Meio-Norte experimental field, in the municipality of Alvorada do Gurgueia, PI, Brazil, from March 2004 through April 2006. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with design in split-plots, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of potassium (0,000; 0,225; 0,450; 0,650; 0,900 kg of K2O plant-1) and five irrigation layers (30; 60; 90; 120 and 150% of ECA). The plants were spaced by 2.5m x 4.0m. The results show that productivity and mean weight of fruits were significantly affected by irrigation layers, doses of potassium, as well as by the interaction term between the two factors; as for the number of fruits per hectare was significantly affected only by doses of potassium. Regarding the physical characteristics of the fruits, the longitudinal diameter and the juice production were significantly affected by number of layers, doses of potassium, and by the interaction term. The thickness of the rind was affected only by doses of potassium. As for the chemical characteristics of the fruits, only the level of total soluble solids was significantly affected by number of layers, doses, and by the interaction term; tritable total acidity (ATT) was affected only by doses of potassium; and pH was affected by none of the factors considered in this study. Among all treatment combinations, L4K4 yielded the highest fruit productivity, number, and mean weight. The levels of total soluble solids decreased with the increase layers applied, and the total acidity increased linearly with the increase of doses of potassium. / O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de cinco lâminas de irrigação e cinco doses de potássio, aplicados via fertirrigação, na produtividade e nas qualidades dos frutos do maracujazeiro amarelo, para posteriormente definir um manejo adequado da cultura. O experimento foi realizado no campo experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, no município de Alvorada do Gurguéia-PI, no período de março de 2004 a abril de 2006, sendo que o delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco doses de potássio (0,000; 0,225; 0,450; 0,650; 0,900 kg de K2O planta-1) e cinco lâminas de irrigação (30; 60; 90; 120 e 150% da ECA). As plantas foram espaçadas de 2,5 x 4,0 m. Verificou-se que a produtividade e o peso médio dos frutos foram influenciados significativamente pelas lâminas de irrigação, pelas doses de potássio e pela interação entre os fatores; já o número de frutos por hectare somente foi influenciado significativamente pelas doses de potássio. Para as características físicas dos frutos, somente o diâmetro longitudinal e o rendimento do suco sofreram influência significativa da lâmina, das doses de potássio e da interação entre os fatores. A espessura da casca só foi influenciada pelas doses de potássio. Nas características químicas dos frutos observou-se que, somente o teor de sólidos solúveis totais sofreu influência das lâminas, das doses de potássio e da interação entre os dois fatores; a acidez total titulável foi influenciada apenas pelas doses de potássio e o pH, não foi influenciado por nenhum dos fatores estudados. A combinação dos tratamentos L4K4 foi a que proporcionou maior produtividade, número e peso médio dos frutos. Os teores de sólidos solúveis totais diminuíram com o aumento da lâmina aplicada e a acidez total titulável cresceu linearmente com as doses de potássio.