-¢» Power libralization & Privatilization of power industry have become a worldwide trend in the recent years. To cope with the problems of power shortage and power development, ROC government began the libralization of power generation in 1995. Fifteen IPPs(independent power producers)were acceped to build power plants, through open bidding of phase 1& 2 and current phase, a total of 13210 MW of new capacity. However 7of them were cancelled due to the diffculties of land acquisition. By the end of 2001, Taipower has signed Power Purchase Agreement with 8 IPPs, totaling 7220MW. Amount them, Mailiao units #1¡B#2& #3 and Everpower units #1& #2 started commercial operation respectly from the beginning of 1999 , totaling about 2700MW. Those new competitor have great impacted on Taipower operation. Some of high cost traditional oil and gas fuel units of Taipower had to be shut down or operated in lower load condition. It is of urgency for Taipower to propose optimal competitive stratagies to improve the performance and upgrade the competitiveness. Right now Taipower power market is moving from monopoly toward competitive. By taking Taipowe as study sample, referring to the experience of power libralizationof other countries, and reviewing the characters of Taiwan¡¦s power industry, the study aims to validate following foresight operation stratagies such as¡Gto downsize its organization structure and to increase the productivity of its employee; to promote the Sixth Transportation and Transformation Project to maintain the strength and advantage of transportation and transformation; to develope renewal source generation, to supply the users high-quality and low-price electric power, to prevent the loss of big user and to implement load management polices. The SWOT analysis shows that Taipower must take some competitive stratagies in order to become the leader of power industry and the most reputation enterprise group in Taiwan, These competititive stragies include: 1. Taipower should retrofit and improve the high cost units and low efficency equipment to reduce the generation cost and decrease air pollution ;most of them can generate much power also, Then these units would not be a sunk cost, and can operate all the time. In addition, Taipower should build high efficency units to competite with IPPs. By setting open bidding price and resonable power wheeling price in the future , Taipower can increase its revenue, and secure the resonable rights of its customer, shareholders and emplyee. 2. To establish the development of core techniques and to create innovation mechanism, and to cooperate with domestic & foreign academic organization and manufactures, to lower down repair & maintenance cost. To visit and obtain longterm R&M contracts from IPPs and co-generaters to enlarge R&M market, to establish the excellance image of brand. 3. To diversify its operation by Investing in bangala coal mining in Australia and in fixed network communication business etc.so as to increse revenue and return of investment. In addition, two build coal ships of Taipower were operated by CSC subsidiary in the first 5 years to reduce the cost and keep the supply safety. In the future, Taipower can build more ships to transport the coal by itself.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Eng.). / Written for the Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/06/17). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Env.Stud.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Resumo Partindo da constatação das péssimas condições de vida da maioria do povo brasileiro 34,1% vivendo abaixo da linha da pobreza e da crescente lucratividade da indústria de energia elétrica no país, o presente trabalho procurou uma forma dessa indústria contribuir para saldar parte do passivo social brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos pelos estudantes brasileiros, em praticamente todos os processos de avaliação existentes, indicam que o baixo nível do ensino público é um dos maiores problemas que o país tem a enfrentar no curto prazo. As projeções da evolução da pirâmide etária da população brasileira indica que, em poucos anos, a maioria da população já se encontrará em idade ativa, ou seja, já deverá ter sua formação escolar concluída, o que indica a urgência da busca pela melhoria da qualidade do ensino fundamental. As externalidades dos investimentos públicos em educação, sendo superiores aos retornos privados, justificam a atuação do Estado nessa atividade de relevância inquestionável para a construção da nação.Demonstrada a forte correlação entre o desempenho dos estudantes do ensino fundamental e a produção per capita dos países, é feita uma proposta de utilização de recursos gerados na indústria de energia elétrica brasileira para aplicação em ações que busquem mais qualidade no ensino fundamental do país. A proposta, que não eleva os custos da indústria e não significa elevação de tarifa para o usuário final, é a prorrogação por 5 anos do recolhimento da RGR (Reserva Global de Reversão), cuja extinção está prevista para o final de 2010. O valor recolhido anualmente permitiria quase dobrar os valores aplicados na ação de melhoria da qualidade do ensino no orçamento federal de 2009, devendo antecipar as metas de desempenho propostas no Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação PDE, que busca alcançar os níveis obtidos pelos países da OCDE em 2025. Outros trabalhos podem ser desenvolvidos, buscando alternativas de financiamento da educação no Brasil, considerando a renda do petróleo que poderá ser obtida a partir da exploração do óleo do pré-sal. / Abstract Starting from the observation of the awful living situation of the majority of the Brazilian population 34.1% living below the poverty line and the increasing profitability of the electricity industry in the country, this project aimed at finding a way in which the electricity industry could provide financial assistance to eliminate part of the Brazilian social passive. The results obtained by Brazilian students - in practically all the available evaluation processes indicate that the poor level of publicly funded education is one of the most important problems that Brazil has to face in the short term. The projections of evolution on the age pyramid indicate that in a few years most of the Brazilian population will be in the active age group. In other words, the majority of the population should have concluded their formative education. This projection indicates the urgent need of improving the quality of basic (fundamental) education. The externalities of the public investment in education, being larger than the private return, justify the argument for government intervention, since education is without a doubt of extreme relevance for the nation development. Since the correlation between the basic level students performance and the countries per capita production has been demonstrated, we propose the use of resources generated by the Brazilian electricity industry on funding programs to improve the quality of basic level education in the country. Its proposed that, and it does not imply increased costs to the industry or increase in the final cost to the consumer, that the Global Reserve of Reversion (GRR ) collection should be extended for 5 additional years. The GRR collection was programmed to stop in the end of 2010. This annual contribution would allow almost double the amount that is applied towards programs to improve the quality of basic level education as established by the federal budget in 2009, therefore anticipating the goals set by the Education Development Plan (EDP). The EDP aims to reach the same levels attained by the countries members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2025. Other similar projects could be developed to find alternative sources of funding for education in Brazil. One such source to be considered in the future is the profit that may be obtained by the oil production in the new pré-sal area. 1. Translated from Reserva Global de Reversão (RGR) Compulsory contribution created by the Brazilian government for electricity sector companies. The money is used for improvements in that sector. 2. Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) A government plan to improve the Brazilian public education level.

Resumo Partindo da constatação das péssimas condições de vida da maioria do povo brasileiro 34,1% vivendo abaixo da linha da pobreza e da crescente lucratividade da indústria de energia elétrica no país, o presente trabalho procurou uma forma dessa indústria contribuir para saldar parte do passivo social brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos pelos estudantes brasileiros, em praticamente todos os processos de avaliação existentes, indicam que o baixo nível do ensino público é um dos maiores problemas que o país tem a enfrentar no curto prazo. As projeções da evolução da pirâmide etária da população brasileira indica que, em poucos anos, a maioria da população já se encontrará em idade ativa, ou seja, já deverá ter sua formação escolar concluída, o que indica a urgência da busca pela melhoria da qualidade do ensino fundamental. As externalidades dos investimentos públicos em educação, sendo superiores aos retornos privados, justificam a atuação do Estado nessa atividade de relevância inquestionável para a construção da nação.Demonstrada a forte correlação entre o desempenho dos estudantes do ensino fundamental e a produção per capita dos países, é feita uma proposta de utilização de recursos gerados na indústria de energia elétrica brasileira para aplicação em ações que busquem mais qualidade no ensino fundamental do país. A proposta, que não eleva os custos da indústria e não significa elevação de tarifa para o usuário final, é a prorrogação por 5 anos do recolhimento da RGR (Reserva Global de Reversão), cuja extinção está prevista para o final de 2010. O valor recolhido anualmente permitiria quase dobrar os valores aplicados na ação de melhoria da qualidade do ensino no orçamento federal de 2009, devendo antecipar as metas de desempenho propostas no Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação PDE, que busca alcançar os níveis obtidos pelos países da OCDE em 2025. Outros trabalhos podem ser desenvolvidos, buscando alternativas de financiamento da educação no Brasil, considerando a renda do petróleo que poderá ser obtida a partir da exploração do óleo do pré-sal. / Abstract Starting from the observation of the awful living situation of the majority of the Brazilian population 34.1% living below the poverty line and the increasing profitability of the electricity industry in the country, this project aimed at finding a way in which the electricity industry could provide financial assistance to eliminate part of the Brazilian social passive. The results obtained by Brazilian students - in practically all the available evaluation processes indicate that the poor level of publicly funded education is one of the most important problems that Brazil has to face in the short term. The projections of evolution on the age pyramid indicate that in a few years most of the Brazilian population will be in the active age group. In other words, the majority of the population should have concluded their formative education. This projection indicates the urgent need of improving the quality of basic (fundamental) education. The externalities of the public investment in education, being larger than the private return, justify the argument for government intervention, since education is without a doubt of extreme relevance for the nation development. Since the correlation between the basic level students performance and the countries per capita production has been demonstrated, we propose the use of resources generated by the Brazilian electricity industry on funding programs to improve the quality of basic level education in the country. Its proposed that, and it does not imply increased costs to the industry or increase in the final cost to the consumer, that the Global Reserve of Reversion (GRR ) collection should be extended for 5 additional years. The GRR collection was programmed to stop in the end of 2010. This annual contribution would allow almost double the amount that is applied towards programs to improve the quality of basic level education as established by the federal budget in 2009, therefore anticipating the goals set by the Education Development Plan (EDP). The EDP aims to reach the same levels attained by the countries members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2025. Other similar projects could be developed to find alternative sources of funding for education in Brazil. One such source to be considered in the future is the profit that may be obtained by the oil production in the new pré-sal area. 1. Translated from Reserva Global de Reversão (RGR) Compulsory contribution created by the Brazilian government for electricity sector companies. The money is used for improvements in that sector. 2. Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) A government plan to improve the Brazilian public education level.

Despite the continuous evolving world of technology, maintenance has responded tremendously in meeting this rapid technological change. Nevertheless, inadequate maintenance has become one of the most issues faced by organizations in developing countries. Maintenance is seen as an unimportant activity in most developing countries thus, it is not given high priority due to insufficient/ minimal knowledge about the concept. Hence, the purpose of this thesis (submitted for Total Quality Maintenance at the Department of Terotechnology) is to enhance the perception and maintenance in developing countries. A case study was performed at Power Holding Company of Nigeria (National Electric Power Authority). The company is responsible for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity in Nigeria. The analysis shows that proper education and training can facilitate or increase the perception of maintenance in developing countries.  However, for the case company, the study shows that not having appropriate maintenance in place is the major problem behind the company’s inability to achieve its objectives. Thus maintenance practice can be improved significantly with proper maintenance education and training. The result from the study shows the concept of maintenance education and training program and who it should address. One major conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis is that major developments in developing countries are associated with modern technology from developed countries. Thus, maintenance should be given a top priority because keeping the proper functioning of the technologies depends greatly on DCs proficiency, in order to ensure viability of the development policies so as to obtain the benefit from modern technologies.

We take a novel perspective on real-life decision making problems involving binary activity-selection decisions that compete for scarce resources. The current literature in operations research approaches these problems by forming an optimal portfolio of activities that meets the specified resource constraints. However, often practitioners in industry and government do not take the optimal-portfolio approach. Instead, they form a rank-ordered list of activities and select those that have the highest priority. The academic literature tends to discredit such ranking schemes because they ignore dependencies among the activities. Practitioners, on the other hand, sometimes discredit the optimal-portfolio approach because if the problem parameters change, the set of activities that was once optimal no longer remains optimal. Even worse, the new optimal set of activities may exclude some of the previously optimal activities, which they may have already selected. Our approach takes both viewpoints into account. We rank activities considering both the uncertainty in the problem parameters and the optimal portfolio that will be obtained once the uncertainty is revealed. We use stochastic integer programming as a modeling framework. We develop several mathematical formulations and discuss their relative merits, comparing them theoretically and computationally. We also develop cutting planes for these formulations to improve computation times. To be able to handle larger real-life problem instances, we develop parallel branch-and-price algorithms for a capital budgeting application. Specifically, we construct a column-based reformulation, develop two branching strategies and a tabu search-based primal heuristic, propose two parallelization schemes, and compare these schemes on parallel computing environments using commercial and open-source software. We give applications of prioritization in facility location and capital budgeting problems. In the latter application, we rank maintenance and capital-improvement projects at the South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company, a two-unit nuclear power plant in Wadsworth, Texas. We compare our approach with several ad hoc ranking schemes similar to those used in practice. / text

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-05-22T17:38:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Leite Gaudereto.pdf: 2391348 bytes, checksum: 86d937f6efb13ef64b0966215120efee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Leite Gaudereto.pdf: 2391348 bytes, checksum: 86d937f6efb13ef64b0966215120efee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / The environmental governance is a concept that can be understood as a framework for the environment. With the objective of analyze the contribution of three instruments of Impact Assessment (IA) to the environmental governance of the hydroelectric sector, this work sought to contribute to the understanding of the functioning and mechanisms of this governance. The hydroelectric sector, while is known for its significant impact on environmental due infrastructure, is a pioneer in the use of AI instruments, including the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Integrated Environmental Assessment (AAI) And with some experiences of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). As there is no much exploration in this theme, the objective of this work, a research of quality and exploratory nature has been carried out, which results in an analysis on the main dynamics, regulatory frameworks and institutional mapping of the hydroelectric sector. For that, an environmental governance analysis was developed on two smaller systems, the electric sector and the protection of the environment sector, which in turn, a set of structures of water resources management and application of the Environmental Policy. The results of the study indicate that the IA instruments, when used, contribute to the strengthening of the governmental environmental structure of the hydroelectric sector, especially if the SEA is adopted, following principles of international good practices. The research also indicates that the current structure of environmental governance is weak, not having a definition of environmental guidelines for the sector and lacking mechanisms for coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the goals. / A governança ambiental é um conceito que pode ser entendido como a estrutura pela qual atores e mecanismos políticos diversos interagem regulando as ações para com o meio ambiente. Com o objetivo de analisar a contribuição de três instrumentos da Avaliação de Impacto (AI) à governança ambiental do setor hidrelétrico, este trabalho buscou contribuir ao entendimento sobre o funcionamento e os mecanismos desta governança. O setor hidrelétrico, ao mesmo tempo em que é reconhecido por causar significativos impactos ambientais decorrentes das grandes obras de infraestrutura hidráulica, é pioneiro na utilização de instrumentos AI no país, dentre os quais a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), a Avaliação Ambiental Integrada (AAI) e, com algumas experiências de Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE). Por se tratar de um tema amplo e ainda pouco explorado com o enfoque deste trabalho, foi realizada uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo e de natureza exploratória, que trouxe como resultado uma análise sobre as principais dinâmicas, marcos regulatórios e o mapeamento institucional do setor hidrelétrico. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se a análise de governança ambiental sobre dois sistemas menores, o do setor elétrico e o de proteção do meio ambiente, que por sua vez, é composto pelas estruturas de gestão de recursos hídricos e de aplicação da Política Ambiental. Os resultados do trabalho indicam que os instrumentos de AI, quando utilizados, contribuem para o fortalecimento da estrutura governança ambiental do setor hidrelétrico, especialmente se for utilizada a AAE, e se esta for implementada seguindo princípios de boas práticas internacionais. A pesquisa também indica que a estrutura atual de governança ambiental é pouco funcional, não tendo uma definição de diretrizes ambientais para o setor e carecendo de mecanismos para a coordenação, implementação, monitoramento e avaliação das metas pretendidas.

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