Thesis (doctoral)--Universidad de Zaragoza, 1977. / "Apéndice documental": p. 285-351. Includes bibliographical references (p. 352-361).

Cette thèse en études politiques aborde l’évolution des partis socialistes espagnol (PSOE) et chilien (PSCH) depuis leurs origines, suivant leurs trajectoires pendant leurs processus de consolidation, de radicalisation, de rupture et de rénovation, suite aux dictatures de Francisco Franco et d’Augusto Pinochet. Notre travail dévoile les connexions entre ces deux partis politiques, en analysant de façon à la fois comparée et relationnelle leurs mutations les plus importantes en matière idéologique et stratégique. aaaaaaLes relations entre ces deux partis soulignent la manière par laquelle deux types de socialisme de nature différente trouvent un point de convergence dans un contexte de sortie de dictature, établissant des alliances et des influences mutuelles, qui déterminent un cheminement des socialismes espagnol et chilien débouchant sur le « socialisme démocratique » au sein de l’Internationale Socialiste. Notre thèse signale l’existence d’un espace sociopolitique Ibéro-américain formé par un ensemble de relations entre les dirigeants politiques espagnols et chiliens, par la circulation d’idées, de savoirs et de leur appropriation de manière différente au sein de chaque parti, déterminant les frontières de ce que le socialisme veut dire au sein de chaque pays. / This Ph.D thesis on political studies analyses the evolution of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) and the Chilean Socialist Party (PSCH) since their origins, by following their trajectories throughout their processes of consolidation, radicalization, breakdown and rénovation during the dictatorships of Francisco Franco and Augusto Pinochet. From a comparative perspective, the work reveals the connections between these political parties by taking into account their ideological and strategic transformations, as well as their mutual influences. Despite being different types of socialism, such connections lead these parties to common new strategies by establishing alliances and mutual influences in order to overcome dictatorships. The relationship between the transformation of PSOE and the PSCH shows a convergence of these political parties in a new form of "democratic socialism" within the Socialist International. Our thesis explains the existence of an Ibero-American socio-political space formed by a set of relations between Spanish and Chilean political leaders, through the circulation of ideas, knowledge and their own understandings, which determine the boundaries of what socialism means within each country.

Cette thèse cherche à définir les caractéristiques structurelles de l’identité politique du Parti Socialiste Ouvrier Espagnol telle qu’elle s’est construite entre le Congrès Extraordinaire du Parti de septembre 1979 et la fin de la première législature de Felipe González en juin 1986. Le premier chapitre analyse les différentes phases ayant permis au socialisme espagnol de se doter d’une architecture identitaire solide préalablement à son éclatante victoire aux élections générales du 28 octobre 1982. Cette étape antérieure à l’accession aux responsabilités marqua en effet l’inscription du Parti dans de nouveaux paradigmes idéologiques et stratégiques tels que la prise en compte de l’opinion publique, une intégration partielle des marqueurs de la social-démocratie, ou encore une approche continuiste de la question territoriale et de la politique militaire. Le second chapitre révèle le haut niveau de cohérence entre le projet politique et le contenu de l’action réformiste menée. L’étude contrastée de l’offre programmatique du PSOE et des réformes mises en œuvre entre octobre 1982 et juin 1986 montre en effet que le socialisme espagnol confirma, dans la praxis, les principales composantes structurelles de l’identité politique définies en amont. Cette approche comparative permet cependant d’identifier un certain nombre de renoncements et de rééquilibrages programmatiques qui sont analysés dans un troisième chapitre. Au cours de la Législature, le PSOE au pouvoir procéda en effet à une redéfinition doctrinale en matière de politique étrangère, évolua vers des paradigmes sécuritaires et amorça le passage d’une identité social-démocrate hétérodoxe à une identité social-libérale. / The aim of this dissertation is to define the organizational features of the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party as they have been shaped by the party’s Extraordinary Congress from September 1979 to the end of the Second Legislative Session in 1986. The first chapter is an analysis of the different phases which led to the building of a strong underpinning architecture before the decisive victory at the general elections of June, 28th 1982. This preliminary phase to power marked an ideological and strategical shift characterized by the consideration of the public opinion, a partial integration of social-democratic markers, or a continuist approach of the territorial question and of the military policy. The second chapter sheds light in the extreme coherence between the political project and the nature of the concrete reformist actions. The contrastive study of the SSWP’s projects and the reforms between October 1982 and June 1986 shows that, in practice, Spanish Socialism implemented the organizational structures of their political identity as they had previous defined it. This comparative approach enables to however to identify a number of programmatic renunciations and readjustment which are analyzed in the 3rd chapter. During their Legislature, the SSWP in power redefined the doctrine in terms of international affairs, adopted a security policy or shift from a heterodox social democratic identity to a social liberal one.

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Separatism movements are widespread across the world; however, the European continentcontains several regions who wish to become independent sovereign states. The autonomousregion of Catalonia is one of Europe's many separatist regions, where a separatism movementis present. This study analyses the active separatism of Catalonia, with an emphasis onregional Catalan as well as national Spanish political organization’s attitude towards aCatalan independent state, and also which argument they have regarding an independentCatalonia. The purpose is to describe the regional Catalan as well as the national Spanishpolitical organization’s position within the debate regarding a Catalan separation from Spain.The utilized method for this study is a describing analysis of ideas, in order to analyze andunderstand the empirical material.This essay implements, based on the essay's theoretical framework, two analytical tools inorder to analyze the empirical material of the political organization’s which are two idealtypes of the phenomena nationalism and separatism.The study concludes that the regional Catalan political organizations, CiU and ERC, havemore tendencies of separatism in their pro-independence rhetoric’s, and they have movedaway from their former nationalistic political platforms because of failed dialogs with theSpanish national government. Regarding the national Spanish political organizations, on theother hand, the study concludes that both PSOE and PP have strong tendencies of nationalismin their rhetoric against Catalan independence, much in due to their alignment to the Spanishconstitution and their political goal of a more united Spain.

Research on social movements has traditionally addressed issues of movement emergence and mobilisation, paying little attention to their outcomes and consequences. Moreover, despite research on the political consequences of social movements accelerating in recent years, much has been left under researched, no more so than the impact social movements have on one of the most important actors in liberal democracies: political parties. This paper extends social movement research by examining whether social movements have an impact on political parties and under what conditions impact is more likely to take place. The empirical analysis, investigating whether anti-austerity social movements have had an impact on social democratic parties in Ireland and Spain during the years 2011 to 2016, suggests that the relationship between social movements and political parties is both under-theorised and under-researched, and mistakenly so. The paper finds that while parties are more likely to be influenced by social movements when certain conditions are present, social movements can also have unintended impacts on parties. Ultimately, this paper encourages research on political parties, and particularly research on party change, to pay greater attention to social movements and for social movement research to pay greater attention to political parties.

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