Människor har ett grundläggande behov av samhörighet och att ingå i en social kontext. På så sätt skapas ett beroende av andras acceptans för att kunna upprätthålla hälsa och välmående. Social exkludering utgör därför ett hot mot mänskligt välbefinnande. I denna studie undersöks hur exkludering och grad av narcissism påverkar tre typer av individers självreglerande beteende; Aggressivitet, risktagande och prosocialitet. Sextio studenter med hög eller låg grad av narcissism tänkte tillbaka på när de blivit inkluderade eller exkluderade. Resultatet visade att deltagare med en hög grad av narcissism i personligheten agerade mer aggressivt och tenderade att agera mer riskbenäget när de exkluderats. Prosocialitet påverkades inte av exkluderingsmanipulationen, inte heller den situationella självkänslan och humör. Resultatet indikerar att grad av narcissism i personligheten är en viktig faktor för konsekvenser av social exkludering.

Psykologiska bedömningar av föräldrar beskrivs sällan som en mer uttalad och tydlig del av arbetet inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, utan det är i hög grad ett underförstått arbetsområde. Syftet med den här undersökningen var att beskriva hur arbetet med psykologiska bedömningar av föräldrar konceptualiseras och praktiseras under det inledande skedet av behandlingskontakter inom BUP. Nio psykologer vid sju öppenvårdsmottagningar intervjuades och intervjuerna analyserades tematiskt. En viktig aspekt som framkommer i resultatet är hur det gemensamma arbetet mellan psykolog och förälder för att etablera en arbetsallians erbjuder goda möjligheter till psykologiska bedömningar av föräldern. Under arbetet med alliansen, och med alliansen som bas, kan olika former av systematik och modeller för psykologiska bedömningar tillämpas. Resultatet indikerar också att arbetsalliansens centrala betydelse för bedömningsarbetet är tydligt relaterad till organisationens påverkan på det arbetet, liksom till betydelsen av psykologisk kompetens vid arbete med psykologiska bedömningar av föräldrar.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-112). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

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There is ongoing controversy concerning the relationship between crime, violence and mental illness. Studies from the first half of the century reported low arrest rates amongst the mentally ill. However recent researchers have suggested an increase in crime amongst the mentally ill since the advent of deinstitutionalisation, while other studies have implicated social factors, inadequate community facilities and prior criminality to account for this apparent trend. A longitudinal prospective and descriptive study was therefore planned to investigate the relationship between crime and mental illness. All consecutive admissions to the Midlands Hospital Observation Unit during a six month period were included in this study. Relevant information was obtained from personal interviews by the author and from court records. The final study sample consisted of those in whom a final finding was made in terms of Section 78(2) of the Criminal Procedures Act 51 of 1977. The significant findings were: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS. The majority of mentally ill offenders were young males in the age range 20-29 years. CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY MENTALLY ILL OFFENDERS. The majority of mentally ill offenders were apprehended for property offences, theft being most common. Chi square analysis produced the following statistically significant findings pertaining to mentally ill offenders: 1. Mentally ill offenders committed significantly more property offences. Crimes were significantly less dangerous and less physically violent. 2. Fewer crimes involved use of a weapon. 3. Significantly more crimes were seemingly without a motive or in response to an hallucination or delusion. 4. Offences were seldom planned. 5. Crimes were more visible, most occurring during the day, with little attempt made to conceal the act. In conclusion most mentally ill offenders committed commonplace offences which due to their greater visibility may have predisposed them being channelled through the criminal justice system. Investigation revealed a need for further research into this controversial sub-group of mentally ill patients. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1992.

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of religious involvement on mental health assessment. Three different categories of patient religious involvement (agnostic, traditional, and charismatic) were presented (via patient histories) to representatives of three different professional groups (mental health professionals, nonmental health professionals, and pastoral counselors). The following were hypothesized: 1) category of religious involvement would affect the diagnostic judgments of all three professional groups, 2) professional affiliation of subjects would affect their diagnosis of patient, and 3) mental health professionals would give more severe diagnostic evaluations than pastoral counselors to the patients representing the traditional and charismatic categories of religious involvement. The subjects who participated in this study were 94 professionals employed full time in their particular professional field. All subjects had attained as a minimum a masters or masters equivalent degree. The subjects in the mental health professional group and the pastoral counselor group had training in the area of counseling and were conducting counseling sessions as a part of their occupational responsibilities. The data collection took place on an individual or small group basis at the subjects' job sites. The dependent variables were three mental health measures (Mental Health Factor scale, Psychological Adjustment scale, and Diagnosis scale) and one Similarity scale. These were presented on the Diagnostic Evaluation Form. The Mental Health Factor responses consisted of evaluations on six different areas (ego strength, insight into problems, emotional maturity, social adjustment, anxiety, and capacity for self observation). An overall evaluation of psychological adjustment was made on the Psychological Adjustment scale while a diagnostic designation was required on the Diagnosis scale. The subjects indicated theirscale. This study was a 3 (category of religious involvement of patient) x 3 (professional group membership of subject) factorial design. Significance was sought at the .05 level. Analysis was conducted using 3x3 multivariate and univariate analysis of variance on the mental health and Similarity scales' scores. It was not possible to interpret the results regarding the main effects due to a significant interaction (F=2.225, P < .012). In the analysis of variance of selected simple effects it was found that the type of religious involvement did affect the diagnostic judgments of mental health professionals (F=4.570, P<.0003) while not affecting the judgment of nonmental health professionals (F=1.1.16, P <.200) or pastoral counselors (F=.497, P <.810). Mental health professionals perceived agnostic religious involvement as more healthy than traditional religious involvement while charismatic religious involvement was perceived to be the least healthy of all on the Diagnosis scale. The professional affiliation of subjects did not affect mental health evaluation mean scores in any of the simple effects analysis comparisons of professional groups. Mental health professionals and pastoral counselors did not significantly differ in their perceived similarity to either the traditional or charismatic category of religious involvement stimulus patient.Diagnostic bias on the part of mental health professionals against traditional and charismatic religious involvement was present in the results of this study. Certain limitations decrease somewhat the generalizability of these results. Recommendations for future research included duplication of the present study in a more metropolitan and less conservative section of the country, conducting a similar study but adding a patient stimulus which did not have a reference to religious inolvement, and duplicating the research procedure but not identifying the person stimulus as a patient.

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