The economic development in the past 50 years of Taiwan, most policy functions of public enterprise are already be replaced by the enterprise , lose value of the phased task, the changes of the background on the basis of space-time in the 78th year of the Executive Yuan¡]R.O. C.¡^, determine public enterprise privatization progressively, issue with push of privatization, contribute to public enterprise of regulations is fettered, poured into the elasticity and efficiency of the enterprise , improve the undertaking competitiveness, pursue enterprises to manage. But because a great deal of factors are influenced, causing authorizing originally promotes the public enterprise of privatization to all finish as scheduled, it is one quite special case for AIDC among them, AIDC is carry out national defence task but privatization purpose to remove military plane make and control, and channel it into the business of the commercial member of a nationality aircraft, manufacturing technology by helping to totally make the transition, different from other public enterprise correlated with the people's livelihood, so the opportunity and way of its privatization are different.

The theoretical literature on public ownership suggests many reasons for anticipating poor performance by publicly-owned firms, especially the lack of incentives for managers in uncompetitive environments combined with the problems of political interference. Yet the performance of the nationalized British gas industry in the post- war period was very impressive, with high rates of growth of output and productivity and the successful development of new techniques and new markets. To resolve this puzzle, the key factors to be examined are government/industry relations and strategic management. A detailed analysis of the evolution of government policy towards the nationalized industries in general and gas in particular, including the provision of funds for investment, pricing policies, the extent and quality of monitoring of the industry's performance and energy policy, reveals that government policy in the case of gas was more benign than for many of the nationalized industries. Management strategy is investigated by means of a comparison of two Area Gas Boards, the South Western and the East Midlands. Quantitative indicators show that the East Midlands Board enjoyed rapid sales growth for much of this period, and made use of a wide range of techniques for manufacturing and supplying gas. The South Western Board's sales performance was among the weakest in the industry and it remained committed to out-moded techniques based on coal for a long time. Underlying differences in the market/technological environments faced by the two Boards provide a major part of the explanation of these variations in business performance. However, the strategies adopted by the Area Boards are also shown to be important. In contrast to much existing literature on nationalized industries the emphasis here is on the autonomy enjoyed by managers in many crucial aspects of decision-making, the surprising strength of competitive forces acting on the gas industry, regional diversity, and the reasonably benign role played by government.

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In recent years the development community has pressured LDCs to privatize agro- industries. This pressure stems from poor public enterprise performance and an ideological shift. However, public enterprises mitigate market failures. The major objective of this study is to measure the impact of privatizing the Nepalese yak cheese industry. To achieve the objective, public and private behavior are determined. The impacts of privatization stem from changes in monopsony behavior and institutional constraints that differ between the public and private sectors. The Dairy Development Corporation (DDC) of Nepal produces yak cheese. The DDC's mandate is to provide a "fair" price to consumers and producers. Private producers of cheese have emerged in recent years. Milk shed structures include: single DDC factories, single private factories, multiple private factories, and mixed production. Market performance is evaluated using partial equilibrium models that include the yak cheese and milk markets. Economic surplus measures are used for evaluation. Herder producer surplus is the most important criterion because herders are the poorest beneficiaries. The impact of privatization is determined through comparison of observed DDC and predicted private equilibria. Private equilibrium is predicted using a simultaneous equation system developed for this research. The equations ensure that supply and demand balance at the aggregate and individual milk shed levels. The Lerner index is incorporated to model monopsony behavior. Private monopsony parameters used in the system are estimated econometrically. A private equilibrium is also predicted with a modified firm cost structure reflecting reduced impacts of institutional constraints. Findings show that private and public firms are exercising monopsony power. DDC privatization can be advocated because it increases herder producer surplus by 15.4%. Total surplus falls slightly because private cheese is lower quality. DDC privatization decreases herder welfare in milk sheds that support only a single firm. The simultaneous equation system developed to predict the private market equilibrium for post agro-industry privatization has the potential to be extended to solve a broader range of economic problems. The equation system can be adapted to applications where there are multiple production regions and monopsony behavior varies by regional characteristics. / Ph. D.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om hur organisationer som omfattas av offentlighethetslagstiftningen men samtidigt bedriver affärsverksamhet på en konkurrensutsatt marknad uppfyller både offentlighetslagstiftningens krav kring hantering av allmänna handlingar och de krav som uppkommer från verksamheten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar uppfyllnad av offentlighetslagstiftningens krav kring allmänna handlingar i offentligt affärsverksamhet som agerar på en konkurrensutsatt marknad. Uppsatsen är baserad på en fallstudie av affärsverket Luftfartsverket (LFV) och omfattar intervjuer, litteratur och dokumentstudier av både interna och externa dokument samt granskning av ett antal kammarrättsdomar rörande utlämnade av allmänna handlingar från LFV där beslutet har nekats med hänvisning till affärssekretess och sedan överklagats till kammarrätten. Uppsatsen huvudsakliga slutsatser är:  Lagstiftningen ger möjligheter att skydda affärskritisk information. Det finns dock en oro både inom verket och hos samarbetspartners att de som är satta att tillämpa regelverket vid begäran om utlämnade inte har tillräcklig kunskap att bedöma vad som är affärskritiskt för olika organisationer  Det finns viss administration kopplat till hantering av allmänna handlingar i ett affärsverk som en konkurrent som inte omfattas av offentlighetsprincipsregelverket inte har. Det finns både positiva och negativa effekter för ett affärsverk av denna administration och det har inte i denna studie kunnat påvisas vilket som överväger.  Vid förändringar i omvärlden är det av stor vikt att man gör en konsekvensanalys över hur regelverken ska tolkas och hanteras internt i organisationen om detta inte görs så kan det innebära att olika individer och grupper av medarbetare hanterar regelverken olika.  Medarbetarnas kunskap, insikt och tillämpning är avgörande för framgång.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Antero Aguiar Peres.pdf: 322879 bytes, checksum: 17ddecf64808646f5255787694b06de8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-05 / This study aims to investigate the differences in organizational culture between public and private enterprises in the manufacturing and service sectors as well as to highlight some features that have been identified as typical of public organizations, to enable the distinction between public enterprises and private. However, this effort should not be regarded as an interest to criticize the enterprise public, as both have been identified in the literature. The study is structured in ten chances from the results of research of scholars in the area. Was used as a tool to search a wide Brazilian, already validated, to measure the values and organizational practices embedded in organizational culture. The data were analyzed using SPSS in the Student's t-test and linear correlation coefficient of Pearson, allowing the testing of hypotheses of the study. The results revealed significant differences between public and private enterprise regarding the adoption of values and practices of organizational culture. Unlike the results between enterprises of the sectors of manufacturing and service, with no differences in organizational culture. I conclude that there are significant differences in organizational culture between public and private enterprises, which indicate the need for attention by the managers of these organizations. Thus, in comparison, three issues deserve attention: the practice of integrating foreign, practices of training and professionalism and reward competitive and individualistic. / Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as diferen?as na cultura organizacional entre empresas p?blicas e privadas nos setores de servi?o e manufatura, bem como dar destaque a algumas caracter?sticas que t?m sido apontadas como t?picas de organiza??es p?blicas, de modo a permitir a distin??o entre empresas p?blicas e privadas. Entretanto, tal esfor?o n?o deve ser considerado como um interesse de criticar a empresa p?blica, como tanto tem sido identificado na literatura. O estudo est? estruturado em dez hip?teses a partir de resultados de pesquisas de estudiosos da ?rea. Adotou-se como instrumento de pesquisa uma escala brasileira, j? validada, para medir os valores e as pr?ticas organizacionais inseridas na cultura organizacional. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS utilizando o Teste t de Student e o Coeficiente de Correla??o Linear de Pearson, permitindo testar as hip?teses do estudo. Os resultados revelaram haver diferen?as significativas entre empresas p?blicas e privadas em rela??o ? ado??o de valores e pr?ticas da cultura organizacional. Ao contr?rio dos resultados encontrados entre empresas dos setores de manufatura e servi?o, que n?o apresentaram diferen?as quanto ? cultura organizacional. Concluo que h? diferen?as significativas na cultura organizacional entre empresas p?blicas e privadas, que indicam a necessidade de aten??o por parte dos gestores dessas organiza??es. Assim, nesta compara??o, tr?s aspectos merecem destaque: a pr?tica de integra??o externa, as pr?ticas de recompensa e treinamento e o profissionalismo competitivo e individualista.

Empirical studies have established that tourism is a major determinant of economic growth and that international air services have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of an economy. It has also been argued that trade and public enterprise reforms in the service sectors, undertaken to a greater extent in high income countries, have had a positive impact on the sectors performances. This study analyses several hypotheses relating to Fiji’s tourism and air transport service industries. First the study examines the contribution of tourism exports to economic growth in the case of Fiji. Second, the study analyses whether the tourism reform adopted by Fiji in 1999 under the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has impacted on total tourism export performance. Third, the aviation-service growth nexus is investigated. Lastly, the effect of the aviation public enterprise reform activities on the export performance of air services is evaluated. Using time series annual data from 1968 to 2006, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag. methodology has been utilized to estimate the contribution of each service sector to Fiji’s total service output. The results show that the tourism is a major determinant of growth in Fiji and that the aviation service-growth hypothesis is also valid for Fiji. The empirical results show that both the trade reforms in tourism and the pro-competitive measures undertaken in the airline industry, amongst other determinants, have not significantly created an impact on the respective export performance of tourism and air services. These findings provide key policy implications in the light of capitalizing on services exports as a major source of growth, particularly in developing island countries such as Fiji and the need to facilitate the strengthening of the market to boost the export performance of tourism and air services.

Empirical studies have established that tourism is a major determinant of economic growth and that international air services have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of an economy. It has also been argued that trade and public enterprise reforms in the service sectors, undertaken to a greater extent in high income countries, have had a positive impact on the sectors performances. This study analyses several hypotheses relating to Fiji’s tourism and air transport service industries. First the study examines the contribution of tourism exports to economic growth in the case of Fiji. Second, the study analyses whether the tourism reform adopted by Fiji in 1999 under the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has impacted on total tourism export performance. Third, the aviation-service growth nexus is investigated. Lastly, the effect of the aviation public enterprise reform activities on the export performance of air services is evaluated. Using time series annual data from 1968 to 2006, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag. methodology has been utilized to estimate the contribution of each service sector to Fiji’s total service output. The results show that the tourism is a major determinant of growth in Fiji and that the aviation service-growth hypothesis is also valid for Fiji. The empirical results show that both the trade reforms in tourism and the pro-competitive measures undertaken in the airline industry, amongst other determinants, have not significantly created an impact on the respective export performance of tourism and air services. These findings provide key policy implications in the light of capitalizing on services exports as a major source of growth, particularly in developing island countries such as Fiji and the need to facilitate the strengthening of the market to boost the export performance of tourism and air services.

Empirical studies have established that tourism is a major determinant of economic growth and that international air services have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of an economy. It has also been argued that trade and public enterprise reforms in the service sectors, undertaken to a greater extent in high income countries, have had a positive impact on the sectors performances. This study analyses several hypotheses relating to Fiji’s tourism and air transport service industries. First the study examines the contribution of tourism exports to economic growth in the case of Fiji. Second, the study analyses whether the tourism reform adopted by Fiji in 1999 under the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has impacted on total tourism export performance. Third, the aviation-service growth nexus is investigated. Lastly, the effect of the aviation public enterprise reform activities on the export performance of air services is evaluated. Using time series annual data from 1968 to 2006, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag. methodology has been utilized to estimate the contribution of each service sector to Fiji’s total service output. The results show that the tourism is a major determinant of growth in Fiji and that the aviation service-growth hypothesis is also valid for Fiji. The empirical results show that both the trade reforms in tourism and the pro-competitive measures undertaken in the airline industry, amongst other determinants, have not significantly created an impact on the respective export performance of tourism and air services. These findings provide key policy implications in the light of capitalizing on services exports as a major source of growth, particularly in developing island countries such as Fiji and the need to facilitate the strengthening of the market to boost the export performance of tourism and air services.

As condições desafiadoras enfrentadas pelas empresas no atual cenário econômico e político, aliadas às rápidas mudanças na qual a tecnologia de informação se insere, exigem a maximização do uso dos escassos recursos como forma de sobreviver no mercado. No caso específico das empresas estatais, a motivação primordial é reduzir o desperdício dos recursos públicos, através do seu uso racional. A Governança de TI surgiu como subconjunto da Governança Corporativa e sob a influência do Planejamento Estratégico de Sistemas de Informação. A Governança de TI é o alinhamento estratégico da TI com o negócio, para que o máximo de valor de negócio seja alcançado. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a abordagem da Governança de TI existente em uma empresa estatal fornecedora de bens e serviços de TI para o governo estadual. Através de um estudo de caso exploratório concluiu-se que a empresa possui traços da Administração Pública Burocrática, como a hierarquia funcional, o formalismo e a presença de fortes controles administrativos. A mudança do corpo diretivo a cada quatro anos, devida à troca de governo, introduz novas diretrizes e novos funcionários não-permanentes com estratégias diferentes da administração anterior. Não foi encontrada uma estrutura de decisões permanente capaz de resistir às oscilações da política governamental. A mudança do cenário político influencia a estrutura de poder interna da organização, numa intensidade além do que seria esperado se existisse um mecanismo de decisões consolidado. / Challenging conditions in business and political landscape in which enterprises are inserted, allied to information technology fast diversity of changes, demand actual maximization of scarce resources in order to survive in market. Similarly, in governmental enterprise environment, the prime motivation is to reduce public resources waste through its rational use. IT Governance emerged as a subset of Corporate Governance and under the influence of Information Systems Strategic Planning. IT Governance is the strategic alignment of IT and Business to achieve maximum business value. This study aims to analyze the existing IT Governance approach in a governmental enterprise that provides IT products and services for a state government. Through an exploratory case study one concluded that the enterprise has traces of the Bureaucratic Public Administration, as functional hierarchy, formalism and the presence of strong administrative controls. The every four year board change, due to government changes, introduces new guidelines and new non-permanent employees with different strategies from those of former administration. A permanent decision structure capable of resisting to governmental politics oscillations hasn’t been found in the enterprise environment. Political scene change biases the organization internal power structure in intensity beyond the one that would be expected if there was a consolidated decision mechanism.