The aim of this thesis is to examine the information culture at Stockholm University library. The thesis examines how information culture affects information management and if the information culture is different within the organization. In order to investigate whether there are differences, two groups were studied: one consisting of four individuals in leading positions and one consisting of four employees. The thesis is based on a qualitative case-study method, where interviews and documents are used as a method to collect data and to gain a deeper understanding of respondent’s values, norms and behaviours towards information. Davenport & Prusak’s theoretical model An Ecological Model for Information Management  is used to study the organization as an ecosystem. The perspective on information management has been holistic, behaviour-oriented and human-centered. To gain knowledge about the information culture at Stockholm University library, Curry & Moore’s model The Evolution of Information Culture  has been used. The model consists of six components suggested necessary for information culture to flourish. The six components have been used as a theoretical framework and analytical tool to examine the information culture at Stockholm University library. The thesis identifies weaknesses in the information culture at Stockholm University library. Results in the thesis illustrates cultural differences between the two groups, regarding how information should be handled in the organization in relation to how it is actually managed in practice. These findings further show that information management in the organization is not as efficient as it could be. Stockholm University library has recently undergone a major reorganization and change of management, aspects which have been taken into consideration as they could have effect on the results. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library studies.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the records management in an enterprise in the private sector. The thesis dis-cuss the process construction within the core business and how the employee interpreters its construction. Also the goals in the processes are discussed by their Quality Management System and what the employees sees as their goals in the processes. To understand how people manage their records the information culture is studied in different variations, for example in observations and in records management systems.The case study which has been examined is a multinational enterprise in the medical technology industry. The industry is characterized by regulations, such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organi-zation of Standardization (ISO). To put the findings in the thesis in a perspective the Swedish process oriented archival description is used as a counterpoint, to highlight similarities and contradictions with the aim of develop-ing the different perspective in both private and public sector from an archival science point of view. The position-ing is organization theory with the aim of process orientation and different ways to perform a process description. As a method to understand the organization and how the core business is assembled, a process description was created based on both the enterprise's Quality Management System and the interviews performed. To overview the general records management in the enterprise, the employees were asked to perform a survey about their hab-its and point of views about records management.The result of the analysis shows that the enterprise's Quality Management System mainly describes their pro-cesses in a way to achieve quality, requirements and efficiency. And not in a way that helps the employee to pre-form records management in a sustainable and long-term way. A long-term storage is in this case study about 10 years after the product has been out of production and in some few cases more. The thesis has shown that in many cases, only adequate solutions occur in records management in the enterprise, and this attitude is part of the in-formation culture. Adequate solutions means that the enterprise still fulfills the regulations that FDA and ISO require. But the records management that's part of their daily work routines can improve to prevent human errors and to ensure the quality of long-term storage. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive studies.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om hur organisationer som omfattas av offentlighethetslagstiftningen men samtidigt bedriver affärsverksamhet på en konkurrensutsatt marknad uppfyller både offentlighetslagstiftningens krav kring hantering av allmänna handlingar och de krav som uppkommer från verksamheten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar uppfyllnad av offentlighetslagstiftningens krav kring allmänna handlingar i offentligt affärsverksamhet som agerar på en konkurrensutsatt marknad. Uppsatsen är baserad på en fallstudie av affärsverket Luftfartsverket (LFV) och omfattar intervjuer, litteratur och dokumentstudier av både interna och externa dokument samt granskning av ett antal kammarrättsdomar rörande utlämnade av allmänna handlingar från LFV där beslutet har nekats med hänvisning till affärssekretess och sedan överklagats till kammarrätten. Uppsatsen huvudsakliga slutsatser är:  Lagstiftningen ger möjligheter att skydda affärskritisk information. Det finns dock en oro både inom verket och hos samarbetspartners att de som är satta att tillämpa regelverket vid begäran om utlämnade inte har tillräcklig kunskap att bedöma vad som är affärskritiskt för olika organisationer  Det finns viss administration kopplat till hantering av allmänna handlingar i ett affärsverk som en konkurrent som inte omfattas av offentlighetsprincipsregelverket inte har. Det finns både positiva och negativa effekter för ett affärsverk av denna administration och det har inte i denna studie kunnat påvisas vilket som överväger.  Vid förändringar i omvärlden är det av stor vikt att man gör en konsekvensanalys över hur regelverken ska tolkas och hanteras internt i organisationen om detta inte görs så kan det innebära att olika individer och grupper av medarbetare hanterar regelverken olika.  Medarbetarnas kunskap, insikt och tillämpning är avgörande för framgång.

During 2020, pandemic Covid-19 hit organizations globally. Organizations changed to remote or hybrid work forms overnight. This prompted a fast development of information technology. Research during the pandemic shows expectations on new work forms to create a norm of flexible work forms. As organizations settled in the new normal this did not happen, organizations rather created their own policies for work forms, very much differentiated from each other. This made apparent a discrepancy between the expectations from researchers and the situation in the new normal, which is the problem this study will investigate. The purpose of this study is exploring the identified discrepancy and what consequences the work forms have caused in information management of organizations during the pandemic and in the new normal. The research question is: What consequences have the new work forms had for the information culture and information management of this study’s organizations during the Covid-19 pandemic and in the new normal? The theoretical framework is based on Choo’s theories on information management in organizations and his 4R model which also works as a tool for analysis. This qualitative study uses semi structured interviews with seven interviewees at different Swedish organizations. Results show that work forms have impacted information management of organizations and that organizations in the new normal create their own policies for work forms based on a range of different arguments. Conclusions find that development of information technology enables flexible work forms, but also that organizations still search for individual solutions for flexible work.

Information är en råvara som ökar allt mer i värde. Det är ett nytt sätt att konkurrera och företag tvingas behandla information som strategiskt mål. En strategi för informationshantering bör innefatta strategi för företagets informationskultur. Tidigare forskning kring informationshantering har fokuserat dels på hårda värden som policys, rutiner och system och dels mjuka värden som beteende och normer, makt och delning av information. Syftet med denna studie är att studera informationskultur utifrån fyra olika kulturperspektiv; relation, regel, risk och resultat, för att fördjupa förståelse om sociala och kulturella aspekter i kommunala fastighetsbolag i Sverige. De kommunala fastighetsbolagen äger och förvaltar 860 000 lägenheter och omsätter 72 miljarder (2018) kronor. Om dessa företag kan skapa mer värde av sin information finns stora förutsättningar för att det skall ge positiva ekonomiska effekter för alla Sveriges kommuner och för dess invånare. Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod och empiri samlades in genom en webbaserad enkät. Resultatet visar att det enbart finns små kulturella skillnader mellan bolagen och att den relationsinriktade kulturen är minst representerad bland samtliga bolag. Det finns förbättringspotential för dessa bolag att fokusera på relationsbaserad kultur. Om relationer får ett större utrymme inom bolagen finns goda möjligheter att det i sin tur leder till att bolagen får en bättre informationsdelning. / Information is a commodity that is increasing in value. It is a new way of competing and companies are forces to use information as a strategic goal. An information management strategy contains thoughts and ideas abouts the company´s information culture. Previous research on information management has on one hand focused on hard values such as policys, routines and systems and one the other hand on soft values such as behaviour and norms, power and sharing of information. The purpose of this study is to explore information culture from four different cultural perspectives; relationship, rule, risk and result to deepen understandring of social and cultural aspect of municipal property companies in Sweden. The municipal property companies own and manage 860 000 apartments and turnover SEK 72 billion (2018). If these companies can create more value from their information, there is a great opportunity to generate positive economic effects for all of Sweden’s municipalities and for its inhabitants. The study was conducted using a quantative method and empirics were collected through a web-based survey. The results show that there are only minor cultural differences between the companies and that the relationship-oriented culture is the least represented among all companies. There is potential for improvment for these companies to focus on relationship-based culture. If relationships are given more space within the companies, there is opportunities that this is return will lead to the companies having better information sharing.

This paper is about information sharing in elderly care organizations in Sweden. It has been shown that there are some deficiencies in these organizations, where language and language barriers have been presented as one of the main reasons for these deficiencies. Many of the assistant nurses working in these organizations have Swedish as their second language. In reports from government agencies language barriers have been explained as a problem when it comes to information sharing in these organizations. Leaders are therefore now able to do a language assessment when hiring assistant nurses, this in a time where there is a shortage of staff in these organizations. Previous research has shown that there are many different factors that can affect information sharing in organizations. We wanted to examine if there are other factors, apart from language and language barriers, that affect information sharing in elderly care organizations. We aimed to examine this by talking to the ones working in the organizations. By interviewing assistant nurses that has Swedish as their second language we got a result that shows that there are, apart from language barriers, also other factors affecting the information sharing such as information culture, cooperation, laws, technology and the fact that these organizations are ongoing all day and night and that one mistake in the handover from one staff to another may have consequences when it comes to the quality of the support the elderly receive.

This thesis is based on a case study of two Swedish municipalities. I have studied which strategies archivists and registrars use for managing and preserving e-mail within these organizations. The study constitutes a comparison between a municipality that has introduced a e-archive and one that has not done so. I also explore how the way in which e-mail is managed has changed over time in the municipalities since The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced in Sweden and throughout the EU in 2018. The study was conducted through qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews with archivists and registrars from the two municipalities were completed. The empirical material from the interviews has been analysed using qualitative content analysis. This means that notes and transcriptions of the interviews was sorted and categorized and then transformed into the results of the study. The thesis theoretical framework consists of information culture and I have analysed in which way the information culture has changed in the organizations since the GDPR came into force. In addition, I also analysed my results from an information security perspective, since this is up-to-date with the GDPR and is an important aspect to consider in relation to of e-government and records management in the society today. The results show that there are a lot of challenges in the municipalities studied concerning management and preservation of e-mail, especially regarding how the people working in the organization tackle the e-mail. There is a great need that increased education about records management reaches out more in the organizations.The conclusion of this challenges is that information culture also has changed noticeably since the GDPR was introduced. The result of this has in many cases meant that many employees have gained a greater awareness that they need to start reviewing their e-mail inboxes, but they do not know how or in what way it should be done. To solve these problems, it is therefore essential that the education initiatives between archivists and registrars and the employees, that had begun to be implemented in the municipality’s, continues to be expanded. In conclusion and in summary, I would like to emphasize that it is important to consider information culture in organizations today. It is important both to be able to develop the organization's records management and also in a wider social context, in order to satisfy a good structure of public documents and our democratic right to take part of these. In addition to this, in my study, I have come to the conclusion that it is essential to consider the information security both within the public organizations and from a wider societal context, especially linked to management and preservation of e-mail. So far, the topic of managing and preserving e-mail linked to strategies used by organizations and how people influence these has been a rather unexplored area in the field of archival science. This study aims to create new knowledge about an area that is both current and important from a wider societal perspective as well as from an archival science perspective. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival Science.

The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) is an established reference model and an ISO standard for structuring reliable archive systems. The model does not, as models seldom do, take into account human ways of understanding and taking account of information. The current study aims to examine how such considerations affect compliance with the OAIS reference model in practical terms using electronic archives. The thesis is based on a case study of R7 e-arkiv, an e-archive collaboration between 13 Swedish countys. The mate- rial is sourced partly on internal documentation and partly on interviews with eight participants' with various roles within the R7 e-arkiv. The empirical mate- rial was analyzed using the Information Culture Framework, developed by Gil- lian Oliver and Fiorella Foscarini. Thus defining a number of cultural factors mirroring human traits in understanding and appreciating information. The study demonstrates that information culture has consequences in the practical duties with managing electronic archives. Cultural factors affect peop- le's attitudes towards information within the archive. As a consequence, these attitudes has a direct impact on the formation of the archive. The OAIS refe- rence model, with its main focus on longterm preservation, is challanged by other values and attitudes towards the archive holdings. This leads to negotia- tions on what the e-archive is and should be. The result shows that compliance with OAIS is a dynamic process, where the model is balanced agains other interests. / OAIS är en etablerad referensmodell och ISO-standard för hur ett trovärdigt arkivsystem ska vara uppbyggt. Modellen tar dock inte, som standarder sällan gör, någon hänsyn till de kulturella aspekterna av människors sätt att förstå och förhålla sig till information. Den här uppsatsen ämnar att undersöka huruvida sådana aspekter får effekter för efterlevnad av OAIS-modellen i det praktiska arbetet med ett e-arkiv. Uppsatsen baseras på en fallstudie av den regionge- mensamma e-arkivlösningen R7 e-arkiv. Materialet utgörs dels av R7s interna dokumentation, och dels av djupintervjuer med åtta informanter med olika rol- ler inom R7 e-arkiv. För att analysera det empiriska materialet används Oliver och Foscarinis informationskulturramverk, vilket definierar ett antal kulturella faktorer som återspeglas i människors sätt att förstå och förhålla sig till infor- mation. Studien visar att informationskultur får konsekvenser för det praktiska arbetet vid drift och förvaltning av ett e-arkiv. Kulturella faktorer påverkar människors attityder till den information som finns i e-arkivet, vilket i sin tur formar olika drivkrafter bakom e-arkivet. OAIS-modellen, som utgår från ett arkivperspek- tiv med fokus på bevarande, balanseras mot andra sätt att förstå och förhålla sig till information. En dynamik uppstår med förhandlingar om vad e-arkivet ska vara – där OAIS-modellen ibland måste vägas mot andra drivkrafter och intressen.

This thesis investigates how Swedish teachers manage confidential information about their pupils in reference to the General data protection regulation (GDPR). The purpose of the study has been to understand the general and individual actions that are carried through to ensure that the key principles of GDPR are actualized in a school context. Previous research in the field of education and information science has indicated that policies and shared regulations are a key element of obtaining information security in the management of personal data. It has also presented that teachers often have an inadequate knowledge about information security in the matter of their pu- pils’ personal data.  In order to examine the purpose of this study, seven interviews with Swedish elementary school teachers were conducted. Information culture theory was used to analyse the data collected from the interviews. The result of the study indicates that the interviewed teachers lack knowledge about the key principles of GDPR due to an absence of information provided to them by their employers. The key principle regarding integrity and confidentiality were the most common one to address in order to ensure that the legislation has been fulfilled. The other key principles of GDPR were often neglected as a result of inadequate knowledge and/or a lack of common policies.  This is a two years master's thesis in Library and information science.

Målet med denna studie är att undersöka om informationskultur är ett teoretiskt verktyg som kan bidra till en proaktiv informationsförvaltning, samt om informationskulturperspektivet kan vara till stöd för en organisation som genomgår ett förändringsarbete som påverkar informationsförvaltningen. I studien används Gillian Oliver and Fiorella Foscarinis definition av informationskultur, vilket de definierar som ”values accorded to information, and attitudes towards it, specifically within organisational contexts.” Förberedelsearbetet på två svenska universitet inför dataskyddsförordningen GDPR (EU) 2016/67, vilken trädde i kraft 25 maj 2018, är det fall som författaren prövar informationskultursteorin mot. Genom en kvalitativ metod, där fem respondenter har intervjuats, har författaren undersökt respondenternas värderingar gentemot information samt hur de hade organiserat sitt arbete inför GDPR. Studien visar på ett stort behov av samarbete mellan arkivarier och andra yrkesgrupper såsom it-ansvariga och jurister när komplexa informationsförvaltningsfrågor som GDPR ska hanteras. Men att detta samarbete involverar arkivet är inte självklart, vilket visas i skillnaden mellan hur de båda universiteten har arbetat. Studien visar även att det finns en skillnad mellan att anlägga ett informationskulturperspektiv under ett förändringsarbete och att använda informationskultur i Oliver och Foscarinis mening, vilket innebär att analysera redan etablerade strukturer och organisationer; de problemområden som Oliver och Foscarini anser att arkivarien bör undvika att lägga mycket arbete på, då de är svårföränderliga, visar sig enligt studieresultatet tvärt om vara viktiga att jobba med under ett förändringsarbete. Att en viss nivå av det informationskulturramverk som Oliver och Foscarini har tagit fram är svår att påverka i en organisation betyder inte att den är svår att inkorporera i ett förändringsarbete. Till skillnad från andra, allmänna förändringteorier så lyfter informationskulturperspektivet fram aspekter som är direkt kopplade till arkivariens roll. I stället för generella råd som ”samarbete” föreslås mer specifikt ”samarbete med it”. Informationskultur är dessutom en väldigt innehållsrik teori då den inbegriper många etablerade teoribildningar. I en informationsförvaltningskontext blir därför informationskulturansatsen paradoxalt nog både bredare och mer specifik på samma gång. / The aim of this thesis is to examine if information culture is a theoretical construct that can assist in creating a proactive recordkeeping environment. It also aims to investigate if information culture can be of help to an organization that goes through changes that affect its recordkeeping practices. The study uses Gillian Oliver and Fiorella Foscarini’s definition of information culture, which they define as ”values accorded to information, and attitudes towards it, specifically within organisational contexts.” The preparations for the GDPR (EU) 2016/67 at two Swedish universities functions as the case that the author uses to explore these questions. Using a qualitative method, interviewing five people, the author examined the interviewees’ values towards information and how the organizations had prepared for the GDPR. The study suggests that there is need for cooperation between archivists and people from other professions, such as IT and law, when preparing for complex recordkeeping issues such as the GDPR. However, the study shows that an archivist is not always involved in an organization’s change management effort.  The study shows that there is a difference between adopting an information culture perspective when managing change and using information culture as Oliver and Foscarini intend it be used. Their approach addresses organizations and structures that are already established. The problem areas that Oliver and Foscarini think an archivist should avoid focusing its change management efforts on, because they are hard to change, are shown to be as important to work with as other problem areas when managing change in an organization. Just because a level of the information culture framework that Oliver and Foscarini have developed is difficult to affect in an organization does not mean that it is hard to incorporate into a change management effort. In contrast to other change management theories, an information culture perspective highlights aspects that are directly connected to the role of the archivist. Instead of generic advice, such as “cooperation”, information culture specifically advices the archivist to “cooperate with the IT department”. Information culture is a theoretical construct that embraces other established theories. From a recordkeeping perspective, an information culture approach is therefore paradoxically both broad and exact at the same time.