В нашей дипломной работе рассматривается феномен self-publishing как способ самостоятельного издания публикации, отражаются его история в России и в мире, виды self-publishing, принцип работы платформы Amazon. Таким образом, проводится практическое исследование публикаций на Amazon, выделяются основные характеристики наиболее продаваемых книг, что позволило нам сделать выводы о критериях успешности публикации. / The diploma paper examines the phenomenon of self-publishing as a way of independent publishing, reflects its history in Russia and in the world, types of self-publishing, the principle of publishing on Amazon. Thus, a practical study of publications on Amazon is carried out, the main characteristics of the best-selling books are highlighted, which allowed us to draw the conclusions about the criteria for publication success.

This study gives an historical account of foreign ownership of newspapers in Kenya. Since the establishment of the first newspaper in the early 1900s, to the modern publication of daily newspapers in Kenya, the press has been dominated by foreign owners, writers and advertisers. Before independence from Britain, foreign domination was expressed by the total disregard of the African by the newspapers. After independence, foreign domination continued as the government, dedicated to the free enterprise capitalist system, has not made any substantial effort to nationalize already established newspaper companies. In 1977 the first African-owned newspaper, a weekly was established. Today, there is no African-owned daily newspaper. All indications are that only the modernizing process will result in African ownership and control of newspapers.

O foco deste estudo é a Biblioteca Publicadora, modelo difundido em biblioteca internacional universitária ou de pesquisa para designar a biblioteca que atua em serviços de edição de conteúdos acadêmicos. Discute a produção do livro digital pelo serviço de publicação, diferente do modelo de publicação tradicional nacional voltado normalmente à produção de revistas digitais. Ao expandir seu campo de atuação, a biblioteca reafirma sua missão de preservação e circulação da informação através da reformulação e acréscimo da atividade de publicação de conteúdos digitais acessíveis irrestritamente. O trabalho destaca também a parceria Biblioteca Publicadora/Editora Universitária na construção de um modelo de publicação para conteúdos digitais, ressaltando suas dificuldades e ações por subsistência no meio acadêmico; envolvendo a busca por novos autores, leitores. Descreve a contribuição de entidades e associações, como o Library Publishing Coalition, voltadas à divulgação de práticas da publicação em formatos acessíveis via web e difusão de cursos para contribuir na formação de pessoas envolvidas na área. Este trabalho trata também das dificuldades do acesso aberto pelas vias verde, dourada, bronze, modelos híbridos, black ou piratas, além da importância do conhecimento sobre licenças de uso pela comunidade acadêmica. Apresenta estudos de caso provenientes de biblioteca de pesquisa e por editora da iniciativa privada apresentando fluxo de criação do livro digital por aplicativo de edição de conteúdo. Aponta alguns desafios da biblioteca publicadora no mundo editorial, como a relação editor/bibliotecário e as perspectivas para implementação e continuidade destas atividades. / The focus of this study is the library publishing model disseminated into international university or research libraries in order to designate the library which acts in services of academic content editions. It discusses the production of digital book by a publishing service which is different from the traditional national publication model usually aimed at the production of digital journals. By expanding its field of activity, the library reaffirms its mission of preserving and circulating information by reformulating and adding the activity of publishing freely accessible digital content. The work also highlights the partnership of the Library Publishing-University Press in the building of a model of publication for digital contents, highlighting their difficulties and actions for subsistence in the academic environment; involving the search for new authors and readers. It further describes the contribution of entities and associations, such as the Library Publishing Coalition, in order to propagate publishing practices in web-accessible formats and distribute courses to contribute to qualification for training people involved in the area. This work also deals with the difficulties of open access through green, gold, bronze, hybrid, black or pirate models, as well as the importance of knowledge about licenses for use by the academic community. It presents cases from a research library and a publishing house report as well as the workflow of production of digital books by content publishing software. In addition, it points out some challenges facing the library publishing world, such as the publisher/librarian relationship and perspectives for the implementation and continuity of these activities.

屬於網路技術應用的電子出版，甫從早期應用於學術教育場合的實驗產品步入商業生產的前期。現階段電子書的生產，已經開始結合軟硬體、內容、銷售通路以及通訊等環節。擅長提供內容的傳統出版社在這一波網路電子書的產業整合中，有什麼樣的想法與作法？基於為傳統出版業的發展歷程與趨勢留下紀錄的想法，本研究希望對出版社投入電子書生產的現況做一番探討。 　　因應網路發展而興起的網路電子書可以說是一種創新事物，本研究主要根據創新傳布(Diffusion on Innovation)理論的相關文獻及Flanagin(2000)對於企業採納創新設立網站的因素探討為推導架構，整理發展出理論架構，並據以發展出操作架構。Flanagin認為企業採納創新的動機包括三項主要因素，包括組織的特性、創新所帶來的預期利益及組織間的社會壓力。社會壓力的作用對於創新採納的影響，最明顯的是發生在創新傳布的早期階段。 　　研究結果發現，出版社性質對決定出版電子書有正面影響；出版社年齡對是否出版電子書的影響並不明顯；經濟實力（出版社規模）對決定出版電子書也有正面影響；科技相關經驗較豐富者，對決定出版電子書也有正面影響。三種相關特質中，影響程度最高的是組織型態，其次是營業性質，最低的是出版內容。 　　出版社對於電子書發展的規劃究竟應該做到什麼程度仍有相當程度的不確定感，有些出版社在電子書產業的分工上還在尋找定位。受訪者關切市場接受度、開發新通路及相關軟硬體發展的成熟度上，更甚於生產技術的掌握與設備成本的問題，版權取得方面的顧慮相對更少。顯示現階段電子書出版的問題重點多不在出版社可以著力的地方。從個人對電子書資訊的接觸頻率來看，主動積極的態度對是否出版電子書並無明顥影響。而且就整體來看，會積極主動蒐集電子書相關資訊者只占總數三成多，要期待電子書的出版突破創新者與早期使用者之間的鴻溝，似乎仍有一段路需要努力。 　　在現階段，制度上的壓力對決定出版電子書的影響並不明顯。除為取得日後在市場上的競爭優勢這個想法對於出版電子書有稍微比較明顯的影響外，其餘怕被淘汰、等待成功案例出現、同業壓力等各項因素僅顯示極微的正面影響。而高知名度及領袖地位對電子書出版的影響也不大。至於預期趨勢方面，出版社對於電子書是否可能成為市場主流、是否可能造成閱讀革命，普遍並沒有把握，現階段還看不出這兩者對電子書出版的決定是否有影響。

<p>Purpose/Aim: The aim of this thesis was to examine how multi channel publishing in different stages effect the work for journalists.</p><p>Material/Method: The thesis is based on ten case studies selected from the literature and one conducted especially for this thesis. The case studies have been categorized according to a model that describes three strategies for multi channel publishing. The first strategy is to have a primary publishing channel, the second is to have separate editorial staffs for all publishing channels and the third is to treat all publishing channels equally.</p><p>Main results: Journalists working for companies using the first strategy have not experienced any major differences in working conditions or work practices. For journalists employed by companies using the second strategy for multi channel publishing the effects on the journalists was noticeable but not major. The effects on journalists in companies using the third strategy are mainly stress and an uncertainty regarding how to use special media techniques.</p>

Purpose/Aim: The aim of this thesis was to examine how multi channel publishing in different stages effect the work for journalists. Material/Method: The thesis is based on ten case studies selected from the literature and one conducted especially for this thesis. The case studies have been categorized according to a model that describes three strategies for multi channel publishing. The first strategy is to have a primary publishing channel, the second is to have separate editorial staffs for all publishing channels and the third is to treat all publishing channels equally. Main results: Journalists working for companies using the first strategy have not experienced any major differences in working conditions or work practices. For journalists employed by companies using the second strategy for multi channel publishing the effects on the journalists was noticeable but not major. The effects on journalists in companies using the third strategy are mainly stress and an uncertainty regarding how to use special media techniques.

This study was designed to identify correlates of success in Supported Employment(SE) programs for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Indiana policy-makers are seriously considering a managed care, or "capitated," system of payment to make SE provider programs more efficient economically. However, many agencies are concerned about providing services to more severely impaired individuals because of the potentially higher costs of serving these individuals. Two studies are included in this project. The goals of the first study were to identify SE consumer (clinical) characteristics that predict (1) successful outcomes, defined as whether the consumer achieves gainful work, and (2) program costs, defined as the amounts of SE service hours utilized by consumers who obtain work. In two large samples of SE consumers with serious mental illness, no clinical characteristics (e.g., diagnosis, rated functioning, hospitalization history) were associated with vocational outcome or service costs. The goal of the second study was to describe the types and amounts of services utilized by SE consumers who obtain work. Specific service categories associated with obtaining work were travel, training, and advocacy that was unrelated to the consumer's job. The implications of these findings are discussed in the framework of the debate over clinical versus empirical prediction. The need for a theoretical model of SE services that allows the use of predictive clinical and consumer driven services is also discussed. / Department of Journalism

[pt] O sistema literário brasileiro atual. Pequenas e médias editoras investiga o universo do mercado editorial brasileiro a partir de pressupostos teóricos da literatura e para isso conta também com outras áreas - como sociologia e história -, que permitem perceber a inserção da produção literária e as relações que se estabelecem entre os agentes de produção, distribuição e recepção do campo literário. A tese aborda o tema sob o viés da literatura como complexo fenômeno cultural e social. Nesta ótica, à pesquisa da paisagem do sistema literário no Brasil - fundada em resultados da aplicação de entrevistas e questionários - foram agregadas importantes fontes de informação sobre outros mercados como a França, em que movimentos de concentração de grandes grupos, ou mesmo a existência de entidades de pequenos e médios editores, apontam para dinâmicas estratégicas ações características do mercado editorial atual. São analisados reflexos de fatores socioeconômicos e políticos na profissionalização do setor, marcado simultaneamente pela expansão de megagrupos e pela união de editoras menores em vista de sua sobrevivência e para a ocupação de posição nesse mercado. A pesquisa abrange, ainda, a situação particular dessas pequenas e médias editoras a partir de sua definição de linha editorial, exibindo em seus catálogos um leque de direcionamentos, entre outros, quanto a ficção e/ou nãoficção, campo especializado e/ou diversificado, presença de autores nacionais e/ou estrangeiros, ou mesmo o registro de dados referentes às próprias empresas, como faturamento, época de fundação, localização, formação do editor, aspectos que, analisados em conjunto, ajudaram a compor o intricado circuito de produção, comercialização e recepção que marca o universo do livro no Brasil, mais especificamente no centro do país. / [en] The current Brazilian literary system. Small and medium publishing houses investigates the universe of the Brazilian publishing market departing from theoretic presuppositions from literature, along with other areas - like sociology and history -, which allow us to perceive the insertion of the literary production and the establishing relationship between the production, distribution and reception agents of the literary field. The thesis approaches the theme in the view of literature as a complex cultural and social phenomenon. Under such view, important sources of information about other markets (France for instance, where concentration movements by large groups, or even the existence of entities of small and medium editors, points to strategic actions that are characteristic to the current publishing market) are incorporated to the research - based on interviews and questionnaires - of the literary system in Brazil. In this thesis are analyzed the reflex of socio-economic and political factors in the professionalization of the sector, which is marked simultaneously by the expansion of mega groups and the joining of minor publishing houses for their survival and to keep their position in the market. The research also includes the particular situation of such small and medium publishing houses from the definition of their publishing lines, their catalogs showing a range of lines like fiction and/or non- fiction, specialized and/or diversified areas, national and/or foreign authors, or even the record of data about the companies like invoicing, time of foundation, location, the editor´s education. Such aspects that when analyzed as a total helped in composing the intricate circuit of production, commercialization, and reception that identifies the book universe in Brazil, more specifically in the center of the country.

O foco deste estudo é a Biblioteca Publicadora, modelo difundido em biblioteca internacional universitária ou de pesquisa para designar a biblioteca que atua em serviços de edição de conteúdos acadêmicos. Discute a produção do livro digital pelo serviço de publicação, diferente do modelo de publicação tradicional nacional voltado normalmente à produção de revistas digitais. Ao expandir seu campo de atuação, a biblioteca reafirma sua missão de preservação e circulação da informação através da reformulação e acréscimo da atividade de publicação de conteúdos digitais acessíveis irrestritamente. O trabalho destaca também a parceria Biblioteca Publicadora/Editora Universitária na construção de um modelo de publicação para conteúdos digitais, ressaltando suas dificuldades e ações por subsistência no meio acadêmico; envolvendo a busca por novos autores, leitores. Descreve a contribuição de entidades e associações, como o Library Publishing Coalition, voltadas à divulgação de práticas da publicação em formatos acessíveis via web e difusão de cursos para contribuir na formação de pessoas envolvidas na área. Este trabalho trata também das dificuldades do acesso aberto pelas vias verde, dourada, bronze, modelos híbridos, black ou piratas, além da importância do conhecimento sobre licenças de uso pela comunidade acadêmica. Apresenta estudos de caso provenientes de biblioteca de pesquisa e por editora da iniciativa privada apresentando fluxo de criação do livro digital por aplicativo de edição de conteúdo. Aponta alguns desafios da biblioteca publicadora no mundo editorial, como a relação editor/bibliotecário e as perspectivas para implementação e continuidade destas atividades. / The focus of this study is the library publishing model disseminated into international university or research libraries in order to designate the library which acts in services of academic content editions. It discusses the production of digital book by a publishing service which is different from the traditional national publication model usually aimed at the production of digital journals. By expanding its field of activity, the library reaffirms its mission of preserving and circulating information by reformulating and adding the activity of publishing freely accessible digital content. The work also highlights the partnership of the Library Publishing-University Press in the building of a model of publication for digital contents, highlighting their difficulties and actions for subsistence in the academic environment; involving the search for new authors and readers. It further describes the contribution of entities and associations, such as the Library Publishing Coalition, in order to propagate publishing practices in web-accessible formats and distribute courses to contribute to qualification for training people involved in the area. This work also deals with the difficulties of open access through green, gold, bronze, hybrid, black or pirate models, as well as the importance of knowledge about licenses for use by the academic community. It presents cases from a research library and a publishing house report as well as the workflow of production of digital books by content publishing software. In addition, it points out some challenges facing the library publishing world, such as the publisher/librarian relationship and perspectives for the implementation and continuity of these activities.

La production documentaire en contexte professionnel entraîne généralement un processus de révision dans lequel les documents doivent être relus avant validation et publication. Cette tâche importante fait face à de nouvelles difficultés avec le numérique. En effet, trois propriétés de l'écriture numérique sont problématiques : les documents évoluent très fréquemment et ne peuvent pas être relus entièrement à chaque version ; les interactions hypertextuelles rendent la tâche laborieuse, voire impossible ; la rééditorialisation documentaire augmente le nombre de formes documentaires à relire. En tant que technologie d'écriture numérique avancée, les chaînes éditoriales XML sont un cadre pertinent pour l'étude de la relecture de documents numériques. Partant du constat que les formes documentaires qu'elles proposent, à savoir les formes génératrices (sources XML modifiables via un éditeur WYSIWYM) et les formes publiées (documents issus de la transformation des sources XML), font défaut à la relecture, nous envisageons la conception de formes documentaires dédiées à cette activité selon deux approches : la linéarisation, qui consiste à restaurer une certaine linéarité matérielle des contenus pour faciliter leur relecture exhaustive ; et la tabulation, qui vise à paralléliser, afin de mieux les comparer, les différents contextes de rééditorialisation d'un document. Une partie des propositions faites dans ce mémoire a mené à la réalisation de prototypes ayant été expérimentés dans des situations d'usage des chaînes éditoriales Scenari en contexte pédagogique. Ces prototypes s'appuient sur des formes linéaires de relecture permettant notamment la comparaison de deux versions du document en se basant sur un algorithme de différentiel. / Documentary production in a professional context often involves a revising process in which documents need to be proofread before validation and publication. This important task faces new challenges when dealing with digital documents. Indeed, three features of digital writing are problematic: documents evolve very frequently and cannot be proofread each time as a whole; interactions provided by hypertexts make the task laborious or even impossible; document repurposing increases the views of content to proofread. As an advanced digital writing technology, XML publishing chains are a relevant framework for studying proofreading of digital documents. Observing that the views of content proposed by publishing chains, namely the generative views (XML sources that can be modified through a WYSIWYM editor) and the published views (documents obtained by transformation of the XML sources), are not adapted for proofreading, we consider designing new views of content dedicated for this activity based on two approaches: linearization, which consists in restoring some material linearity among contents; and tabulation, which aims at parallelizing different repurposing contexts so that they can be better compared. Part of the contribution presented here has led to the development of prototypes that have been experimented in the use of Scenari publishing chains in a pedagogical context. These prototypes rely on linear proofreading views allowing in particular the comparison between two versions of the document based on a diff algorithm.