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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Multilevel inverters for renewable energy systems

Chiwaridzo, Pride 14 July 2022 (has links) (PDF)
Voltage source inverters have become widely used in the last decade primarily due to the fact that the dangers and limitations of relying on fossil fuel based power generation have been seen and the long term effects felt especially with regards to climate change. Policies and targets have been implemented such as from the United Nations climate change conference (COPxx) concerning human activities that contribute to global warming from individual countries. The most effective way of reducing these greenhouse gases is to turn to renewable energy sources such as the solar, wind etc instead of coal. Converters play the crucial role of converting the renewable source dc power to ac single phase or multiphase. The advancement in research in renewable energy sources and energy storage has made it possible to do things more efficiently than ever before. Regular or 2 level inverters are adequate for low power low voltage applications but have drawbacks when being used in high power high voltage applications as switching components have to be rated upwards and also switch between very high potential differences. To lessen the constraints on the switching components and to reduce the filtering requirements, multilevel inverters (MLI's) are preferred over two level voltage source inverters (VSI's). This thesis discusses the implementation of various types of MLI's and compares four different pulse width modulation (pwm) techniques that are often used in MLI under consideration: three, five, seven and nine level inverters. Harmonic content of the output voltage is recorded across a range of modulation indices for each of the three popular topologies in literature. Output from the inverter is filtered using an L only and an LC filter whose design techniques are presented. A generalized prediction algorithm using machine learning techniques to give the value of the expected THD as the modulation index is varied for a specific topology and PWM switching method is proposed in this study. Simulation and experimental results are produced in five level form to verify and validate the proposed algorithm.
22

Harmonic Reduction IN a Single-Switch Three-Phase Boost Rectifier With Harmonic-Injected PWM

Huang, Qihong 04 February 1997 (has links)
A constant switching frequency with the sixth-order harmonic injection PWM concept is established, and a sixth-order harmonic injection technique is developed for the harmonic reduction of a single-switch three-phase boost rectifier. The approach employs a constant duty cycle with sixth-order harmonic injection to suppress the dominant (fifth-order) harmonic in the input currents. Hence, to meet the THD<10% requirement, the rectifier voltage gain can be designed down to 1.45; to meet the IEC 1000-3-2 (A) standard, the output power can be pushed up to 10 kW for the application with a 3X220 V input and a 800 V output. The results are verified on a 6-kW prototype. The injection principle is graphically explained in current waveforms and mathematically proved. Two injection methods are proposed to meet either the THD requirement or the IEC standard. The injection implementation and design guidelines are provided. The boost inductor design and EMI filter design are discussed. An average small- signal model based on the equivalent multi-module model is developed and experimentally verified. The variations of the small-signal model against load are demonstrated, and the compensator design is discussed. The results show that at no load, the dominant pole of the control-to-output transfer function approaches the origin and causes more phase delay, making the control design difficult. To avoid the no load case and to simplify the control design, a 50-W dummy load (1% of the full load) is added. Finally, a simple nonlinear gain control circuit is presented to mitigate the load effect and reduce the dummy load to 10 W. / Master of Science
23

Utvecklingsmetodik för styrning av stegmotorer med en FPGA / Development methodology for control of stepper motors with a FPGA

Håkansson, Svante January 2013 (has links)
Detta examensarbetet har utförs vid Calmon Stegmotorteknik AB (CST) för att utveckla FPGA delen av derasutvecklingsplattform. Denna rapport avser att ge tankar och teori om utvecklingsmetodiken av detta arbetet. CST:s utvecklingsplattform ska användas för videobehandling, motorstyrningar samt mät och instrumentapplikationer. Dock berör detta arbetet endast de funktioner som behövs för att kunna använda utvecklingskortet för motorstyrningar. Detta innefattar implementationer av PWM, mikrostegningstyrning samt motorstyrning med hjälp av fullsteg och halvsteg. / This Bachelor thesis have been done for Calmon Stegmotorteknik AB (CST) to develop the FPGA part of their developmentplatform. This thesis is created to give thoughts and theory about the development methodology used in this project. CST:s development platform will be used for video processing, motor controls and also measurement and instrument applications.This thesis however concerns only the functions that is needed for using motor controls on the development board. Which includes implementation of PWM, microstepping control and also motor control with help of fullstep and halfstep.
24

Estudo e implementação de um retificador PWM para aplicações em processos galvânicos / Study and implementation of a PWM rectifier for applications in galvanic processes

Del Bianco, Henrique de Souza 08 September 2015 (has links)
O trabalho desenvolve o estudo de retificadores PWM para aplicações em processos galvânicos. A utilização de técnicas PWM é objeto de estudo, visando à obtenção de alto fator de potência, baixo conteúdo harmônico e baixo ripple de corrente que atendam tanto às necessidades de qualidade de energia, quanto à demanda das aplicações de carga. O trabalho contempla a criação de um protótipo que preencha os requisitos de aplicações industriais voltadas ao tratamento de superfícies, tais como: eletrodeposição, eletro-polimento, entre outros e a melhora na qualidade de energia. As simulações em ambiente computacional com MATLAB® e o software PSIM®, forneceram a base para o desenvolvimento do protótipo e comprovar o estudo. Na prática, pequenas chapas de latão foram banhadas com o protótipo nos modos de controle de ângulo de fase, controle PWM regular e PWM senoidal e obtidas fotos microscópicas para a análise da camada do banho depositada, onde foi comprovado o rendimento protótipo em relação a Qualidade da Energia Elétrica. / The current work aims to study PWM rectifiers for applications in galvanics processes. The use of PWM techniques is the object of study in order to obtain high power factor, low harmonic content and low ripple current that meet both the needs of power quality, the demand of load applications. The study aims to create a prototype which meets the requirements of industrial applications focuses on the treatment of surfaces, such as electroplating, electro-polishing, among others, and the improvement of energy quality. The simulations in computing environment with MATLAB and software PSIM®, provided the basis for the development of prototype and verify the study. In practice, small plates of brass were bathed with the prototype in modes of phase angle control, regular PWM control and sinusoidal PWM and obtained microscopic images for the analysis of the deposited bath layer, where it was proven the prototype income in relation to Quality Electric Power.
25

Estudo e implementação de um retificador PWM para aplicações em processos galvânicos / Study and implementation of a PWM rectifier for applications in galvanic processes

Henrique de Souza Del Bianco 08 September 2015 (has links)
O trabalho desenvolve o estudo de retificadores PWM para aplicações em processos galvânicos. A utilização de técnicas PWM é objeto de estudo, visando à obtenção de alto fator de potência, baixo conteúdo harmônico e baixo ripple de corrente que atendam tanto às necessidades de qualidade de energia, quanto à demanda das aplicações de carga. O trabalho contempla a criação de um protótipo que preencha os requisitos de aplicações industriais voltadas ao tratamento de superfícies, tais como: eletrodeposição, eletro-polimento, entre outros e a melhora na qualidade de energia. As simulações em ambiente computacional com MATLAB® e o software PSIM®, forneceram a base para o desenvolvimento do protótipo e comprovar o estudo. Na prática, pequenas chapas de latão foram banhadas com o protótipo nos modos de controle de ângulo de fase, controle PWM regular e PWM senoidal e obtidas fotos microscópicas para a análise da camada do banho depositada, onde foi comprovado o rendimento protótipo em relação a Qualidade da Energia Elétrica. / The current work aims to study PWM rectifiers for applications in galvanics processes. The use of PWM techniques is the object of study in order to obtain high power factor, low harmonic content and low ripple current that meet both the needs of power quality, the demand of load applications. The study aims to create a prototype which meets the requirements of industrial applications focuses on the treatment of surfaces, such as electroplating, electro-polishing, among others, and the improvement of energy quality. The simulations in computing environment with MATLAB and software PSIM®, provided the basis for the development of prototype and verify the study. In practice, small plates of brass were bathed with the prototype in modes of phase angle control, regular PWM control and sinusoidal PWM and obtained microscopic images for the analysis of the deposited bath layer, where it was proven the prototype income in relation to Quality Electric Power.
26

Design av FPGA-baserad PCM-till-PWM-modulator för klass D-audioförstärkare / Design of an FPGA-based PCM-to-PWM modulator for class D audio amplifier

Eriksson, Christer, Lindahl, Erik January 2009 (has links)
<p> </p><p>I detta examensarbete har metoder för design av en FPGA-baserad PCM-till-PWM-modulator för klass D-audioförstärkare testats och utvärderats. Rapporten diskuterar med stöd av matematisk analys och simuleringar interpoleringsmetoder, pulsbreddsmodulering, samplingsprocesser och sigma-delta-modulatorer. Den föreslagna designen bygger på uppsampling, förkompensering, brusformning och pulsbreddsmodulering. Designens prestanda har verifierats genom simulering av modell och implementering i hårdvara.</p><p> </p> / <p> </p><p>This thesis experiments and evaluates methods for design of an FPGA based PCM-to-PWM modulator to be used in a class D audio amplifier. By utilizing mathematical analysis and simulations interpolation methods, pulse width modulation, cross point derivers and sigma delta modulators are discussed. The proposed design consists of upsampling, predistortion, noise shaping and pulse width modulation. The design has been validated through model based simulation and implementation in hardware.</p><p> </p>
27

Design av FPGA-baserad PCM-till-PWM-modulator för klass D-audioförstärkare / Design of an FPGA-based PCM-to-PWM modulator for class D audio amplifier

Eriksson, Christer, Lindahl, Erik January 2009 (has links)
I detta examensarbete har metoder för design av en FPGA-baserad PCM-till-PWM-modulator för klass D-audioförstärkare testats och utvärderats. Rapporten diskuterar med stöd av matematisk analys och simuleringar interpoleringsmetoder, pulsbreddsmodulering, samplingsprocesser och sigma-delta-modulatorer. Den föreslagna designen bygger på uppsampling, förkompensering, brusformning och pulsbreddsmodulering. Designens prestanda har verifierats genom simulering av modell och implementering i hårdvara. / This thesis experiments and evaluates methods for design of an FPGA based PCM-to-PWM modulator to be used in a class D audio amplifier. By utilizing mathematical analysis and simulations interpolation methods, pulse width modulation, cross point derivers and sigma delta modulators are discussed. The proposed design consists of upsampling, predistortion, noise shaping and pulse width modulation. The design has been validated through model based simulation and implementation in hardware.
28

Método de sincronização aplicado a conversores PWM trifásicos / Synchronization method applied to three-phase PWM converters

Camargo, Robinson Figueiredo de 17 July 2006 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the last decade, disturbances in the electrical system have been increased, mainly due to proliferation of nonlinear loads. As a result harmonic distortion, voltage unbalance and frequency variations are becoming a concern. These disturbances can produce distortions in the synchronization signals used by PWM converters connected to utility grid. Theses distortions in the synchronization signals, consequently, increase distortions in generated or drained currents by the three-phase PWM converters. Due these facts, several synchronization methods are developed with purpose to operate adequately to reduce the impacts of corrupting grid voltages on the synchronization signals. In this sense, synchronization methods that used closed loop and open loop algorithms are proposed in the literature. Although closed loop methods have low sensitivity to the frequency variations, a trade of between good transient response and good filtering characteristics must always be considered. Moreover, the algorithms developed to the closed loop methods on fixed point DSP, generally, present larger execution time those open loop synchronization methods.Open loop methods standout for their simplicity as compare closed loop methods. However, none of open loop methods reported, so far, have a good performance in terms of the distortion synchronization signals and consequently in the generated or drained currents in the three-phase PWM converters under unbalance, harmonics and frequency variations in the grid voltages. In this sense, this Doctor Thesis proposes a study, analysis and development of a new open loop synchronization method applied on three-phase three-wire and four-wire PWM converters connected to the utility grid. This method provides a good performance even in the presence of harmonics, severe voltage unbalance and frequency variations on grid voltages. Initially, it is presented an overview of open loop synchronization method applied to three-phase PWM converters. Then, have been situated the characteristics and limitations of the new method under grid voltages disturbances. In addition, the proposed method is implemented considering that two distinct cases. The first case describes the implementation of the new synchronization method to synchronized three-phase three-wire PWM rectifiers. The second case presents the implementation of the new synchronization method to generate reference currents to three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter. Furthermore, simulation and experimental results are obtained to demonstrate the good performance of the new open-loop synchronization method used in three-phase threewire and four-wire PWM converters along the Thesis. / Nas últimas décadas houve um aumento significativo de distúrbios nas tensões dos sistemas elétricos, tais como distorções harmônicas, desequilíbrios, variações de freqüência entre outros, devido principalmente, ao aumento da utilização de cargas não lineares. Estes distúrbios podem causar distorções nos sinais de sincronização gerados, os quais são usados para sincronizar conversores PWM com a rede elétrica. Estas distorções nos sinais de sincronismo podem, conseqüentemente, provocar o aumento de distorções nas correntes geradas ou drenas por conversores PWM trifásicos. Devido a estes fatos, vários métodos de sincronização foram desenvolvidos no intuito de operar adequadamente, reduzindo o impacto destes distúrbios sobre os sinais de sincronismo gerados. Neste sentido, métodos de sincronização que utilizam algoritmos em malha fechada e em malha aberta são propostos na literatura. Com relação aos métodos de malha fechada, estes apresentam baixa sensibilidade a variações de freqüência, entretanto, a relação entre uma adequada resposta transitória e uma boa característica de filtragem deve ser considerada. Além disso, os algoritmos desenvolvidos para os métodos em malha fechada e implementados em processadores digitais de sinais, apresentam um tempo de processamento, geralmente, maior que os métodos em malha aberta. Por sua vez, métodos em malha aberta destacam-se por sua simplicidade quando comparados aos métodos em malha fechada. Entretanto, nenhum método em malha aberta foi apresentado até o momento na literatura, que resulte em um bom desempenho com relação aos sinais de sincronização gerados quando se fazem presentes nas tensões da rede elétrica, conjuntamente, desequilíbrios, harmônicos e variações de freqüência. Neste sentido, a presente Tese de Doutorado trata do estudo, análise e desenvolvimento de um novo método de sincronização em malha aberta aplicado a conversores PWM trifásicos a três e a quatro fios conectados a rede elétrica. Este método possibilita um bom desempenho em termos redução da taxa de distorção harmônica nos sinais de sincronização mesmo na presença de distorções harmônicas, severos desequilíbrios de tensão e variações de freqüência da rede elétrica. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma visão geral sobre os métodos de sincronização em malha aberta aplicados a conversores PWM trifásicos. Em seguida, são abordadas as principais características e limitações do novo método de sincronização em malha aberta proposto. Posteriormente, o método de sincronização proposto é implementado considerando dois casos distintos. O primeiro caso se refere à aplicação do método de sincronização proposto a retificadores PWM trifásicos a três fios. O segundo caso, refere-se à aplicação do método para gerar as eferências de corrente de compensação para filtros ativos de potência paralelos trifásicos a quatro fios. Ao longo desta tese, resultados de simulações e experimentais são apresentados, a fim de que, seja demonstrada a aplicabilidade do método de sincronização em malha aberta proposto em sistemas trifásicos a três fios e a quatro fios.
29

PWM discreto para controle de velocidade com tabelas pré-programadas reduzidas / PWM control for discrete speed with preprogarmmed tables reduced

Alice Reis de Souza 17 December 2011 (has links)
Devido à preocupação com a preservação do meio ambiente, estudos em várias áreas surgiram, inclusive no que diz respeito à qualidade do ar. Dentre as pesquisas encontram-se estudos para o desenvolvimento do veículo elétrico, uma fonte de energia limpa. Para controlar a velocidade, o freio e a reversão do movimento de um motor de indução trifásico utilizado neste tipo de veículo, foram desenvolvidos vários tipos de circuitos geradores de PWM com microcontroladores da família 8051 e PIC. Observando o avanço da tecnologia na fabricação de microcontroladores, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de um circuito com um microcontrolador compatível com a família 8051 para implementação de um controlador de velocidade discreto para obter, além de um desempenho melhor que o alcançado com o circuito já desenvolvido com o microcontrolador 80C31, também minimizar tabelas pré-programadas utilizadas em estudos anteriores a fim de obter um circuito reduzido mantendo baixo custo. O microcontrolador escolhido foi o AT89S4051, que possui apenas 20 pinos, opera com frequências até 24MHz, por programação permite redução do tempo necessário para executar instruções enquanto que o 80C31 possui 40 pinos, opera com frequências até 16MHz e trabalha com tempo fixo para executar instruções. Foram desenvolvidos programas que permitiram a utilização de tabelas pré-programadas reduzidas e o acelerador foi implementado sem o uso de conversor A/D. A simulação permite verificar a reduzida geração de harmônicas da técnica, permitindo a utilização em eletrodomésticos, em que a alimentação é originada da rede pública. / Because of concern about preserving the environment, studies have emerged in several areas, including with regard to air quality. Among the studies are studies for the development of electric vehicle, a clean energy source. To control speed, brake and reverse the motion of a three phase induction motor used in this type of vehicle have been developed various types of circuits that generate PWM with 8051 family microcontrollers and PIC. Noting the advancement of technology in the manufacture of microcontrollers, the objective of this research was to develop a circuit with a microcontroller compatible with the 8051 to implement a speed controller for discrete, and a better performance than that achieved with the circuit already developed with the 80C31 microcontroller, also minimize pre-programmed tables used in previous studies to obtain a small circuit while maintaining low cost. The microcontroller chosen was the AT89S4051, which has only 20 pins, operates at frequencies up to 24MHz, programming allows reducing the time required to execute instructions while the 80C31 has 40 pins, operates at frequencies up to 16MHz and works with a fixed time to execute instructions. Programs were developed that allowed the use of tables and pre-programmed low throttle was implemented without the use of A/D converter the simulation allows to verify the reduced harmonic generation technique, allowing for use in electronics, where power is derived from the public network.
30

Časovač pro RC modely / Timer For RC Models

Fišer, Ondřej January 2018 (has links)
This paper describes complete design of timer for RC models. Described timer has three PWM outputs. With these outputs it is possible to connect two independent servo-motors and engine controller. 1 signal. The whole is controlled by 8-bit microprocessor. The time records are stored in external EEPROM, that can be programmed using I2C. Paper further discuss design of programming, which can be easily programmed the memory of EEPROM by the PC or smartphone. The goal of this paper is to design and build high quality RC timer with accessories.

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