by Jenny Yuen-yi Chan. / Bibliography: leaves 108-121 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2717397 bytes, checksum: 9b595c87b494e8dd776ae15a3beac7f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Anxiety is an adaptive response of organism to situations that life presents, and driving performance with personal and psychological as well as physiological components. It is considered pathological when it causes suffering to the individual, bringing him damage in terms of injury avoidance behaviors and avoidance important situations in his academic, social and professional life. The pathological manifestations of anxiety are grouped as Anxiety Disorders. Several pharmacological classes are used to treat this group of disorders, especially benzodiazepines and antidepressants. However, the pattern of adverse reactions, the possibility of tolerance and dependence as well as abuse potential of benzodiazepines, added to slow response of antidepressant treatment, justify the search for new therapeutic possibilities. Preclinical studies have attested the anxiety-relieving activity of the roots extract of Panax ginseng C. A Meyer. Its ethnopharmacological use for anxiety is evident worldwide. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of the extract of the roots of P. ginseng in the acute treatment of experimentally induced anxiety in healthy volunteers and identify adverse effects caused by its use. The study population consisted of university students, aged between 18 and 30 years. We selected 60 healthy volunteers who met the study inclusion criteria. We developed a clinical double-blind, randomized, controlled, acute essay. The substances used were: P. ginseng (200 mg), diazepam (10 mg) and placebo. Anxiety was experimentally elicited through Simulation Test of Public Speaking, and evaluated through the use of physiological measures (blood pressure, heart pulse rate, ends temperature and skin electrical conductance) and psychometric scales (trait-state anxiety inventory and analog mood scale). The results were analyzed using several statistical, parametric and nonparametric methods. They showed that the extract of the roots of P. ginseng intensifies anxiety, especially during performance test and has a minor ability to reduce it in the final phase, with greater significance demonstrated through psychological measures. Although well tolerated, P. ginseng has not demonstrated effectiveness in controlling anxiety and subjective signs and symptoms associated with it. / A ansiedade é uma resposta adaptativa do organismo às situações que a vida apresenta, sendo propulsora do desempenho pessoal e com componentes psicológicos e fisiológicos. É considerada patológica quando provoca sofrimento ao indivíduo, trazendo-lhe prejuízo em função dos comportamentos de fuga e esquiva de situações importantes da vida acadêmica, social e profissional. As manifestações da ansiedade patológica são agrupadas nos transtornos de Ansiedade. Várias classes farmacológicas são utilizadas no tratamento deste grupo de transtorno, destacando-se os benzodiazepínicos e antidepressivos. Entretanto, o padrão de reações adversas, a possibilidade de dependência e tolerância e o potencial de abuso dos benzodiazepínicos, adicionado a lenta resposta terapêutica dos antidepressivos, justificam a busca de novas possibilidades terapêuticas. Estudos pré-clínicos atestaram a atividade ansiolítica do extrato das raízes do Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Seu uso etnofarmacológico para ansiedade é evidenciado em todo mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a eficácia terapêutica do extrato das raízes do P. ginseng no tratamento agudo da ansiedade induzida de maneira experimental em voluntários saudáveis e identificar os efeitos adversos provocados pelo seu uso. A população do estudo foi constituída por estudantes universitários, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos. Foram selecionados 60 voluntários saudáveis, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do estudo. Foi desenvolvido um ensaio clínico duplo-cego, randômico, controlado e agudo. As substâncias utilizadas foram: P. ginseng (200 mg), Diazepam (10 mg) e Placebo. A ansiedade foi produzida de modo experimental, através do Teste de Simulação de Falar em Público e avaliada mediante o uso de medidas fisiológicas (pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, temperatura de extremidades e condutância elétrica da pele) e escalas psicométricas (Inventário de ansiedade traço-estado e escala analógica do humor). Os resultados foram analisados utilizando vários métodos estatísticos paramétricos e não-paramétricos. Eles demonstraram que o extrato das raízes de P. ginseng intensifica a ansiedade, principalmente na fase de performance do Teste e apresenta menor capacidade de reduzi-lá na fase final, demonstrado com maior significância através das medidas psicológicas. Embora bem tolerado, P. ginseng não demonstrou eficácia no controle subjetivo da ansiedade e de alguns sinais e sintomas a ela associados.

by Lam Tin Lun. / "July, 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 308-327). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The purpose of the present study was to test the acute effects of a dietary supplement, having as its major ingredient an extract of ginseng, on grip strength, lower body power output, cardiovascular markers, metabolic markers, hormones, and mood state. Twelve experienced resistance-trained men (28.3 ± 5.7 yrs) were randomly administered placebo (P), single dose (SD) and double dose (DD) of the supplement on separate days. Diet and activity levels were kept constant across testing days. On each day, subjects began with the Profile of Mood States (POMSpre1), blood draws (BDpre1), blood pressure (BPpre1), and heart rate (HRpre1) assessments, then ingested the drink and sat quietly for 30 minutes. BDpre2, BPpre2, and HR pre1 were then taken. Subjects performed the grip strength and cycle ergometer tests followed immediately by BDpost, HRpost, and BPpost and POMSpost. The testing session ended with blood draws, heart rates, and blood pressures being taken 30 (post30), 60 (post60), 120 (post120) and 180 (post180) minutes post exercise. Grip strength did not differ between P, SD, or DD treatments. Cycle ergometry peak power (PP), average power (AP) and total work (TW) were significantly higher for the SD and DD than P; however, no significant difference existed between SD and DD treatments. For LH and T significant differences were found among all treatment conditions. There were no significant treatment effects for HR, BP, glucose, insulin, lactate, GH or PRL or for the POMS. There was a significant treatment*time interaction for ACTH (p < .05). Post hoc analysis indicated that at Tpost ACTH was significantly lower for D treatment vs P or S treatments (p < .05) and at Tpost60 ACTH was significantly lower for S and D treatments vs P treatment (p < .05). There was significant differences in C between the D treatment (260.45 ± 15.58 nmol•L-1) and the P (336.08 ± 27.59 nmol•L-1) and S (311.14 ± 21.01 nmol•L-1) treatments (p < .001). There was a significant difference for T:C ratio values among P (0.0810 ± 0.0090), S (0.0960 ± 0.0130) and D (0.1410 ± 0.0190) treatments (p < .001). Acute ingestion of a polynutrient supplement containing a standardized ginseng tract, was able to increase PP, AP, TW LH, and testosterone and decrease ACTH and cortisol. No significant effects were found for GH, PRL, insulin, glucose, lactate, HR, BP or POMS scores. Acute ingestion of a polynutrient supplement was able to increase performance and the anabolic environment in resistance trained men.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2018-03-16T17:55:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação HELLENCLEIA PEREIRA CUNHA.pdf: 1165835 bytes, checksum: abef97c86c02f2f00c033287fee3977e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T17:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação HELLENCLEIA PEREIRA CUNHA.pdf: 1165835 bytes, checksum: abef97c86c02f2f00c033287fee3977e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / CNPQ / A polifarmácia tem sido cada vez mais utilizada por pacientes idosos no tratamento de doenças crônicas. Além dos medicamentos prescritos por profissionais de saúde, muitos pacientes buscam a fitoterapia como medicina complementar. Entretanto, o uso concomitante de fitoterápicos com outros medicamentos pode trazer consequências ao paciente do ponto de vista clínico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a possível interferência do fitoterápico Panax ginseng sobre os efeitos farmacológicos da fluoxetina e da nimesulida, em modelos animais de depressão, memória e inflamação. Para isso, ratos Wistar adultos machos divididos em três grupos experimentais (n=8) foram submetidos ao regime de tratamento oral agudo (três doses em 24 horas) ou por 14 dias (estudo subcrônico) com veículo (água destilada 1,5 mL/kg, controle), fluoxetina (20 mg/kg) ou fluoxetina (20 mg/kg) + P. ginseng (100 mg/kg). Posteriormente, os animais foram avaliados nos testes da natação forçada ou campo aberto. Para os testes de inflamação aguda e crônica, os animais foram agrupados em quatro grupos experimentais (n=6): controle (água destilada, 1,5 mL/kg), nimesulida (10 mg/kg), P. ginseng (100 mg/kg) ou nimesulida (10 mg/kg) + P. ginseng (100 mg/kg), e submetidos ao modelo de edema de pata induzido por carragenina (estudo agudo, por 240 minutos) ou por Adjuvante de Freund (estudo crônico, por 40 dias). No teste da inflamação subcrônica, os animais foram divididos em três grupos (n=6): controle (água destilada, 1,5 mL/kg), nimesulida (10 mg/kg) ou nimesulida (10 mg/kg) + P. ginseng (100 mg/kg), sendo induzida a formação de granuloma por “pellets” de algodão. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma potencialização do efeito antidepressivo no grupo de animais tratados com P. ginseng + fluoxetina, com três doses em 24 horas, efeito este que não foi observado no tratamento subcrônico (14 dias). Verificou-se também que P. ginseng não modificou o efeito anti-inflamatório da nimesulida, nos estudos de inflamação aguda, subcrônica e crônica, e o mesmo apresentou um efeito anti-inflamatório semelhante ao da nimesulida. Conclui-se que o tratamento com P. ginseng modifica o efeito da fluoxetina em testes comportamentais de depressão e memória agudos, mas não modifica em testes subcrônicos e não interfere no efeito da nimesulida em testes de inflamação aguda, subcrônica e crônica em ratos. / Polypharmacy has been increasingly used by elderly patients in the treatment of chronic diseases. In addition to medicines prescribed by health professionals, many patients seek herbal medicine as complementary medicine. However, the concomitant use of herbal medicines with other medicinal products may have consequences for the patient from a clinical point of view. The present study aimed to analyze the possible interference of the phytotherapeutic Panax ginseng on the pharmacological effects of fluoxetine and nimesulide in animal models of depression, memory and inflammation. For this, adult male Wistar rats divided into three experimental groups (n = 8) underwent acute oral treatment (three doses in 24 hours) or 14 days (subchronic study) with vehicle (distilled water 1.5 mL/Kg, control), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) + P. ginseng (100 mg/kg). Subsequently, the animals were evaluated in the forced swimming or open field tests. For the acute and chronic inflammation tests, the animals were grouped into four experimental groups (n = 6): control (distilled water, 1.5 mL/kg), nimesulide (10 mg/kg), P. ginseng (100 mg/Kg) or nimesulide (10 mg/kg) + P. ginseng (100 mg/kg) and submitted to the carrageenan-induced paw edema model (acute study, for 240 minutes) or by Freund's Adjuvant (chronic study, 40 days). In the subchronic inflammation test, the animals were divided into three groups (n = 6): control (distilled water, 1.5 mL/kg), nimesulide (10 mg/kg) or nimesulide (10 mg/kg) + P. ginseng (100 mg/kg), granuloma formation being induced by cotton pellets. The results showed that there was a potentiation of the antidepressant effect in the group of animals treated with P. ginseng + fluoxetine, with three doses in 24 hours, an effect that was not observed in the subchronic treatment (14 days). It was also found that P. ginseng did not modify the anti-inflammatory effect of nimesulide in acute, subchronic and chronic inflammation studies, and it had an anti-inflammatory effect similar to nimesulide. It is concluded that the treatment with P. ginseng modifies the effect of fluoxetine in behavioral tests of depression and acute memory, but does not modify in the subchronic tests and does not interfere in the effect of nimesulide in tests of acute, subchronic and chronic inflammation in rats.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 679492 bytes, checksum: 3252c196788de3bae30bf110b0d94cce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fibromyalgia is a chronic painful syndrome that affects up to 5% of the population worldwide. It may be associated with sleep or mood disorders and fatigue, and progresses with functional disability. Its pathogenesis consists of disorders of central pain modulation, involvement of the descending inhibitory system and substance P hyperactivity. The drug most commonly used for treatment of this syndrome is amitriptyline, which leads to an improvement in up to 50% of cases. Patients are interested in trying alternative or complementary medicine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is an herb that has been used for hundreds of years in oriental medicine. Preclinical studies have confirmed the antinociceptive effect of its active metabolites (ginsenosides) on substance P-induced pain, demonstrating an ability to inhibit calcium channels in dorsal medullary neurons. Clinical trials have shown an improvement in quality of life and fatigue with the use of ginseng. The study had as objective to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the extract of P. ginseng roots in controlling pain, fatigue, sleep quality, anxiety and quality of life in fibromyalgia. Fifty-two women of 21-60 years of age, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study, were selected. A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was carried out over 12 weeks to compare the effect of P. ginseng (100 mg/day) with amitriptyline (25 mg/day) and placebo. Variables evaluated were pain, fatigue, sleep quality and anxiety using a visual analogue scale (VAS); pain was evaluated using a tender points count and quality of life using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). The patients were evaluated at six follow-up visits and results were expressed as means ± standard error (SE) of the mean using analysis of variation (ANOVA) and Tukey s post-hoc test. Thirty-eight women with a mean age of 43 years concluded the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with respect to baseline characteristics. VAS revealed a reduction in pain in the ginseng group (p<0.0001) with an improvement ≥ 30% from the sixth week of treatment onwards, an improvement in fatigue (p<0.0001) with a reduction ≥ 25% on the sixth week and ≥ 40% on the ninth week; and an improvement in sleep (p=0.0003) with a reduction ≥ 40% in the frequency of this complaint by the 6th week of treatment. The VAS evaluation of pain, fatigue and sleep detected an improvement compared to baseline values; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups. With respect to anxiety, an improvement occurred in the ginseng group compared to baseline (p<0.0001); however, amitriptyline treatment resulted in a significantly greater improvement (p<0.05). Ginseng reduced the number of tender points and improved patients quality of life, as evaluated by the FIQ, compared to baseline in both cases (p<0.0001); however, no difference was found between the groups. Treatment with ginseng resulted in an improvement in all the parameters evaluated compared to baseline; however, there was no difference between this group of patients and those using placebo and amitriptyline, and this one was more effective than placebo or ginseng in improving anxiety. The beneficial effect on all parameters evaluated suggests that further studies should be performed with larger sample sizes and/or higher doses of ginseng to evaluate this herb for future use as a complementary therapy for fibromyalgia. / A fibromialgia é uma síndrome dolorosa crônica que afeta até 5% da população mundial. Pode associar-se com distúrbios do sono, do humor e fadiga, e cursar com incapacidade funcional. Sua patogênese envolve distúrbio de modulação central da dor, comprometimento do sistema inibitório descendente e hiperatividade da substância P. O fármaco mais utilizado na sua terapia farmacológica é a amitriptilina, com melhora em até 50% dos casos. Há muito interesse dos pacientes sobre a medicina alternativa e complementar na terapia da fibromialgia. O Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer é uma erva utilizada pela medicina oriental há centenas de anos. Estudos pré-clínicos comprovaram a ação antinociceptiva dos seus metabólitos ativos (ginsenosídeos) sobre a dor induzida pela substância P, e demonstraram sua capacidade de inibir canais de cálcio nos neurônios da região dorsal medular. Ensaios clínicos sugeriram melhora da qualidade de vida e da fadiga com uso do ginseng. O estudo teve como objetivos: avaliar a eficácia terapêutica do extrato das raízes do P. ginseng no controle da dor, fadiga, qualidade do sono e ansiedade, e qualidade de vida na fibromialgia. Foram selecionadas 52 mulheres, com idades entre 21 e 60 anos, após preencherem os critérios de inclusão para o estudo. Foi desenvolvido um ensaio clínico, randômico, duplo-cego, controlado, por 12 semanas, comparando a ação do P. ginseng (100 mg/dia) com amitriptilina (25 mg/dia) e placebo. Variáveis avaliadas: dor, fadiga, qualidade do sono e ansiedade, por escala visual analógica (EVA); dor, por contagem dos pontos dolorosos; e melhora da qualidade de vida, por meio do Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ). As pacientes foram avaliadas em 6 visitas, e os resultados foram dados em média ± EPM, utilizando ANOVA e pós-teste de Tukey. Trinta e oito mulheres concluíram o estudo, com média de idade de 43 anos. Não houve diferença significante nas características basais médias nos três grupos. Na EVA, observou-se: redução da dor no grupo do ginseng (p<0,0001), com melhora ≥ 30% a partir da 6ª semana de terapia; melhora da fadiga (p<0,0001), com redução ≥ 25% a partir da 6ª semana, e ≥ 40% na 9ª semana; e melhora do sono (p= 0,0003), reduzindo ≥ 40% a partir da 6ª semana de terapia. Nas três variáveis avaliadas na EVA, houve melhora em relação ao período basal, mas não houve diferença entre os três grupos. Com relação à ansiedade, o ginseng mostrou-se melhor em relação ao período basal (p<0,0001), mas foi inferior à amitriptilina (p<0,05), na comparação entre os grupos. O ginseng reduziu o número de pontos dolorosos e melhorou a qualidade de vida das pacientes (FIQ), ambos em relação ao período basal (p<0,0001), mas não houve diferença entre os grupos. O ginseng foi capaz de melhorar todos os parâmetros avaliados em relação ao período basal, mas não foi diferente do placebo ou da amitriptilina, e esta foi superior ao placebo e ao ginseng na melhora da ansiedade. Sua atuação benéfica nos parâmetros avaliados sugere a realização de novos ensaios clínicos, com amostras maiores, e/ou com dose maior do ginseng, para uma futura indicação como terapia complementar na fibromialgia.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLSAM_DISSERT.pdf: 1550415 bytes, checksum: caf1d01895bb5be79ca908c1ce3bf0f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / Panax ginseng CA Meyer (Araliaceae) is a herbaceous plant widely used in China, South Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases micro circulatory, cerebrovascular, among others, representing one of the drugs used by older man. It has over 30 biologically active ginsenosides with different pharmacological and behavioral effects and inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptor. The amino acid glycine is a co-agonist of the NMDA receptor, activating this receptor. At the cellular level, ketamine is widely known to be NMDA receptor antagonist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general activity in the open field, and anxiety in elevated plus maze, mice treated with P. ginseng compared with the action of ketamine and glycine, to better understand the action of this herbal medicine at the NMDA receptor. We used 66 adult male rats were divided into six groups: a positive control, treated for 30 days with water by gavage, who received glycine (500mg/kg; po) on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of treatment, one hour before of behavioral assessment, a negative control was treated for 30 days with water by gavage received ketamine (5mg/kg, ip) on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of treatment, one hour prior to behavioral evaluation, three experimental groups, receiving 100, 200 or 300 mg / kg P. ginseng by gavage for 30 days and one group treated solely with white water, and is also administered 1 ml of water by gavage one hour prior to behavioral evaluation. Animal behavior in these three groups was also examined on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of treatment. On day 30 of treatment, the animals were anesthetized with thiopental (70mg/kg) for blood collection and after euthanasia, withdrawal of various organs. There were no changes in weight and body weight gain and weight reasons in organ / body weight. However the consumption of water and food values showed a significant increase. Serum levels of AST was increased in a dose-dependently in the animals treated with doses of P. ginseng, glycine and ketamine as compared to the blank group. Unlike creatinine levels proved to be decreased in all treated groups when compared with white. However, the level of urea in these groups was reduced and no changes were observed in the ALT parameter. Histopathological examination revealed no changes in cell morphology in different tissues. There were no behavioral changes in the elevated plus maze and few changes were observed in the open field, animals treated with P. ginseng, glycine and ketamine when compared to white. These data suggest that the doses of P. ginseng employed were unable to induce general toxicity in rats treated for 30 days and also shows that the general behavior of mice treated with P. ginseng was slightly different from that observed in animals treated with ketamine and glycine. Finally, the study on the elevated plus maze showed that the extract of P. ginseng showed no anxiolytic or anxiogenic action / Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) ? uma planta herb?cea muito usada na China, Cor?ia do Sul, Jap?o e outros pa?ses da ?sia no tratamento de v?rias doen?as micro circulat?rias, vasculares cerebrais, entre outras. Possui mais de 30 ginsenos?deos, que inibem o receptor NMDA, provocando diferentes efeitos farmacol?gicos e comportamentais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade geral, no campo aberto, e a ansiedade, no labirinto em cruz elevado, de ratos tratados com P. ginseng. Ratos tratados com ketamina (antagonista do receptor NMDA) e com glicina (coagonista do receptor NMDA), foram tamb?m empregados para melhor entendimento do mecanismo de a??o desse fitoter?pico. Foram utilizados 66 ratos machos adultos, divididos em seis grupos: um controle positivo (n=12), tratado durante 30 dias com ?gua por gavagem, que recebeu glicina (500mg/kg; v.o.) nos dias 7, 14, 21 e 28 de tratamento, uma hora antes da avalia??o comportamental; um controle negativo (n=12), tratado durante 30 dias com ?gua por gavagem, que recebeu ketamina (5mg/kg; i.p.) nos dias 7, 14, 21 e 28 de tratamento, uma hora antes da avalia??o comportamental; tr?s grupos experimentais (n=12), que receberam 100, 200 ou 300 mg/kg de P. ginseng, por gavagem, durante 30 dias e um grupo branco (n=6) tratado exclusivamente com ?gua, sendo tamb?m administrado 1mL de ?gua por gavagem uma hora antes da avalia??o comportamental. O comportamento animal nesses grupos tamb?m foi analisado nos dias 7, 14, 21 e 28 de tratamento. No dia 30 de tratamento os animais foram anestesiados para coleta de sangue e retirada de ?rg?os diversos, que tiveram seus pesos anotados e por??es foram coletadas para estudo histopatol?gico. N?o foram observadas altera??es no peso e ganho de peso corporal entre os diversos grupos nem nas raz?es peso ?rg?o/peso corporal calculadas. Nos animais tratados com P. ginseng, ketamina e glicina o consumo de ?gua e de ra??o e as concentra??es s?ricas de AST revelaram estar aumentadas em compara??o com grupo branco. Entretanto, os animais tratados com as tr?s doses de P. ginseng, ketamina e glicina apresentaram n?veis reduzidos de creatinina e ureia quando comparados com o grupo branco. N?o foram observadas altera??es no par?metro ALT. O estudo histopatol?gico revelou aus?ncia de altera??es na morfologia celular nos diversos tecidos analisados. N?o foram encontradas altera??es comportamentais no labirinto em cruz elevado e poucas altera??es foram observadas nos animais tratados com P. ginseng, glicina e ketamina quando comparados com o grupo branco, no campo aberto. Esses dados sugerem que as doses de P. ginseng empregadas n?o foram capazes de provocar toxicidade geral em ratos tratados por 30 dias e revela tamb?m que o comportamento geral dos ratos tratados com P. ginseng foi pouco diferente daquele observado nos animais tratados com glicina e ketamina. Por fim, o estudo no labirinto em cruz elevado mostrou que o extrato de P. ginseng n?o apresentou a??o ansiog?nica nem ansiol?tica nas condi??es experimentais adotadas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:00:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1170808 bytes, checksum: 7b299ea2ca71a584be9ecd4dbd10364c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as the presence of continuing or recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort and it is associated with altered bowel habit. Its pathophysiology involves the following aspects: genetic variables, changes in gut motility and visceral sensitivity, psychosocial factors, in addition to inflammatory and infectious processes. The treatment is based on dietary guidance and change in lifestyle. The use of drugs is indicated in symptomatic stages of IBS. The growing interest of patients for complementary and alternative medicine has been observed in recent years. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been used for centuries in oriental medicine. Experimental studies have demonstrated the antinociceptive action of this herbal medicine on calcium and sodium channels, as well as on primary sensory neurons. The study aimed to: conduct phase II clinical trial with Panax ginseng CA Meyer in patients with IBS; contribute to the study of the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in abdominal pain control in patients with IBS; and observe the adverse effects. Twenty-six patients were selected by means of the inclusion criteria for the study and they were divided into two groups. A clinical double-blind, randomized, prospective and experimental trial was conducted for eight weeks, comparing the action of dry extract of Panax ginseng (300 mg / day) with trimebutine (600 mg / day). Abdominal pain was assessed using the Likert scale. Patients were assessed at four visits and the results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Twenty- four patients completed the study, being 87.50% female and mean age of 47.41 years. There was a relative homogeneity among patients with regard to sex, age and duration of symptoms. All patients, before beginning treatment with Panax ginseng and trimebutine, had negative scores for the Likert scale values. There was improvement in abdominal pain, through this scale, in patients who used Panax ginseng. This group started from a median basal of -5 to 2.5, 3 and 5 in the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of treatment, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. Similar results were achieved in the group that used the trimebutine. The only adverse effect observed was the occurrence of headache in two patients (16.66%) in the group that used the herbal. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was effective in the control of abdominal pain in IBS patients, analogous to trimebutine, and may be used in future studies, with the prospect of a phase III clinical trial. / A síndrome do intestino irritável (SII) é definida pela presença de dor ou desconforto abdominal contínuo ou recorrente, estando associada com alterações do hábito intestinal. Sua fisiopatologia envolve os seguintes aspectos: variáveis genéticas, alterações da motilidade intestinal e da sensibilidade visceral, fatores psicossociais, além de processos inflamatórios e infecciosos. O tratamento é baseado em orientação dietética e na mudança do estilo de vida. O uso de fármacos é indicado nas fases sintomáticas da SII. Tem sido observado o crescente interesse dos pacientes pela medicina alternativa e complementar, nos últimos anos. O Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer é utilizado há séculos pela medicina oriental. Estudos experimentais demonstraram a ação antinociceptiva desse fitoterápico sobre os canais de cálcio e de sódio, assim como sobre os neurônios sensoriais primários. O estudo teve como objetivos: realizar ensaio clínico de fase II com o Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer em pacientes com SII; contribuir para o estudo dos efeitos farmacológicos do Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; avaliar a eficácia terapêutica do Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer no controle da dor abdominal em pacientes com SII; observar os efeitos adversos. Foram selecionados vinte e seis pacientes, através de critérios de inclusão para a pesquisa, sendo divididos em dois grupos. Foi realizado um estudo clínico, duplo cego, randômico, prospectivo e experimental por oito semanas, comparando a ação do extrato seco do Panax ginseng (300 mg/dia) com a trimebutina (600 mg/dia). A dor abdominal foi avaliada através da escala de Likert. Os pacientes foram avaliados em quatro consultas e os resultados foram analisados através dos testes de Mann-Whitney e Friedman, com nível de significância quando p<0,05. Vinte e quatro pacientes concluíram o estudo, sendo 87,50% do sexo feminino e média de idade de 47,41 anos. Ocorreu uma relativa homogeneidade nos grupos de estudo no que se refere ao sexo, idade e duração dos sintomas. Todos os pacientes, antes do início dos tratamentos com Panax ginseng e trimebutina, apresentavam os valores negativos para os escores na escala de Likert. Houve melhora da dor abdominal, nos pacientes que utilizaram o Panax ginseng. Esse grupo partiu de uma mediana basal de -5 para 2,5, 3 e 5, na 1ª., 4ª. e 8ª. semanas de tratamento, respectivamente, com diferença estatisticamente significativa. O efeito adverso observado foi a ocorrência de cefaleia em dois pacientes (16,66%), no grupo que usou o fitoterápico. O Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer foi eficaz no controle da dor abdominal em pacientes com SII, de modo análogo à trimebutina, podendo ser utilizado em novos estudos, com a perspectiva de um ensaio clínico de fase III.

Ha Wai-Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-180). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Abbreviations --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- "Hstory, cultivation and trade" --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Botany --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological effects --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Authentication of Chinese herbal materials --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Morphological marker --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Histological marker --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Chemical marker --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Molecular markers --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Protein marker --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- DNA-based markers --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.1 --- PCR-based markers --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.1.1 --- Random-primed PCR --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.1.2 --- Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.1.3 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.2 --- Hybridization-based markers --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.3 --- Sequencing-based markers --- p.35 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives and Strategies of the studies --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- General Materials and Methods --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents and Buffers --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Media for bacterial culture --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reagents for preparation of competent cells --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reagents for plasmid DNA preparation --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Reagents for Southern hybridization --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2 --- Agarose Gel electrophoresis of DNA --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3 --- Purification of PCR products --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- From agarose gel using Geneclean® II kit --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Using Microspin´ёØ Column --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4 --- End modification of PCR amplified DNA --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5 --- Preparation of Escherichia coli Competent Cells --- p.48 / Chapter 2.6 --- "Ligation and Transformation of E, coli" --- p.49 / Chapter 2.7 --- Plasmid Preparation --- p.50 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Minipreparation of plasmid DNA --- p.50 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Preparation of plasmid DNA using Wizard® Plus SV Minipreps DNA Purification Kit (Promega) --- p.50 / Chapter 2.8 --- Screening for the Presence of insert in plasmid --- p.51 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Rapid alkaline lysis --- p.51 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- PCR screening --- p.52 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- Restriction digestion of plasmid DNA --- p.53 / Chapter 2.9 --- DNA sequencing --- p.53 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Plasmid sequencing using T7 Sequencing Kit --- p.53 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Cycle Sequencing from PCR products or plasmid --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10 --- DNA Sequencing electrophoresis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Preparation of 6 % polyacrylamide gel solution --- p.55 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Gel casting --- p.55 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- Electrophoresis of Sequencing Gel --- p.56 / Chapter 2.10.4 --- Autoradiography --- p.57 / Chapter 2.11 --- DNA elution from dried sequencing gel --- p.57 / Chapter 2.12 --- Southern blot analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 2.12.1 --- Restriction digestion of genomic DNA --- p.58 / Chapter 2.12.2 --- Purification of digested DNA and agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.58 / Chapter 2.12.3 --- Capillary transfer of DNA to a Hybond´ёØ N+ nylon membrane --- p.59 / Chapter 2.12.4 --- DNA radiolabeling by nick translation --- p.60 / Chapter 2.12.5 --- Purificaiton of radiolabeled probe by NICK® Spin Column --- p.60 / Chapter 2.12.6 --- Hybridization of DNA --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Plant DNA extraction --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- Reagents and buffer for total DNA extraction --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3 --- Extraction methods --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- CTAB extraction method --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Potassium acetate/ SDS extraction method --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- GIBRO Plant DNAzol® reagent for genomic DNA isolation --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4 --- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5 --- Results --- p.75 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Choice of Primers and radiolabeling --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- AFLP assay --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Electrophoresis of AFLP fingerprint --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Similarity Index (S.I.) analysis of AFLP profile --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Re-amplification of polymorphic DNA fragments isolated from dried sequencing gel --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Cloning and Sequencing of the AFLP fragments --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Conversion of AFLP marker into Directed Amplification of Minisatellite-region DNA polymorphism (DAMD) marker --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Direct Amplification of Length Polymorphisms (DALP) analysis of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius --- p.107 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Choice of Primers --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Alternative labelled Amplification reaction --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Electrophoresis of the multi-locus amplification products --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Isolation and Re-amplification of polymorphic DALP fragments from dried sequencing gel --- p.115 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Cloning and Sequencing --- p.115 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Conversion of DALP marker to Sequence Tagged Site (STS) marker --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.117 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.135 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR): the sequel of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) --- p.137 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.140 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.140 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- PCR reaction --- p.141 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Cloning and sequencing --- p.143 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.144 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.157 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Outlook --- p.159 / Chapter 7.1 --- Molecular authentication of Chinese medicinal materials --- p.160 / Chapter 7.2 --- Development of molecular markers for Ginseng --- p.161 / Appendix I --- p.164 / Appendix II --- p.165 / References --- p.166

Wong Pak Ki. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Dedication --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / List of Appendices --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Tables --- p.xx / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Ginseng and Ginsenosides --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Instrumental Analysis of Ginsenosides --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Thin Layer Chromatography --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Infrared Spectroscopy --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Colorimetry --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Gas Chromatography --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- High Performance Liquid Chromatography --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objective of the Study --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Experimental --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- History of Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrophoresis --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Electroosmotic Flow (EOF) --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Electrophoretic Migration --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Reagents and Materials --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents and Glassware --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Instrumentation --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation of Solutions and Wavelength Selection --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Procedures --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results and Discussions --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Initial Selection of the Running Electrolyte --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Inclusion Additives in the Aqueous Buffer Solution --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Reasons for Addition of Buffer Additives --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Cyclodextrin --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Addition of Surfactants --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Sodium Cholate --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Addition of Organic Modifier --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5 --- Effect of pH --- p.46 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effect of the Concentration of the Borate/Phosphate Solution --- p.51 / Chapter 3.7 --- Effect of Capillaries with Different Inner Diameters (I.D.) --- p.54 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Effect of pH --- p.54 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Effect of the Buffer Concentration --- p.60 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Comparison of Migration Time between Capillaries of 50μm and 75μm Inner Diameter --- p.62 / Chapter 3.8 --- Optimization of Other Experimental Parameters --- p.66 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- Applied Voltage --- p.66 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- The Time of Injection --- p.68 / Chapter 3.8.3 --- The Operating Temperature --- p.70 / Chapter 3.9 --- Intra-day and Inter-day Reproducibility --- p.72 / Chapter 3.10 --- Quantitative Analysis of the Ginsenosides --- p.74 / Chapter 3.11 --- Application of the Developed Methodology --- p.78 / Chapter 3.11.1 --- Experimental Procedures --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Conclusion --- p.83 / References --- p.86 / Appendices --- p.89