Entre 1650 et 1715, les Psaumes sont le livre biblique le plus souvent mis en français, en vers comme en prose. Ils répondent aux mots d’ordre de la clarté et de l’élégance, qu’ils partagent avec les belles infidèles alors à la mode. Pourtant, le style biblique est sans cesse présenté comme détaché de la rhétorique. Quelle est donc la spécificité de l’elocutio de ces psaumes français ? Elle repose d’abord sur les contraintes nées du Concile de Trente (en matière de texte-source, de traducteur et de lecteur bibliques), cadre qui informe la poétique de la traduction biblique, sur laquelle porte la deuxième partie de notre réponse. La taxinomie élaborée par Gérard Genette dans Palimpsestes trouve ici une limite diachronique. En effet, la traduction biblique de l’époque n’est pas simple : son fonctionnement hypertextuel avoisine celui de l’imitation classique, et surtout elle comporte une forte composante intertextuelle qui établit une tradition française du sacré, en particulier à partir de la traduction port-royaliste. La typologie traditionnelle de la traduction sacrée est par ailleurs revisitée au même moment : le mot à mot est abandonné au profit d’une traduction grammaticale qui côtoie la paraphrase. L’exploration du seuil entre traduction et réécriture, troisième étape, donne plus encore à repenser la frontière entre profane et sacré. Parodie et effet parodique doivent être ainsi distingués, selon une pensée de l’insinuatio qui accorde la primauté à la théorie de la réception : la particularité des psaumes français classiques consiste ainsi à ne pas adopter d’elocutio spécifique afin d’attirer pour mieux convertir. C’est ce que confirme leur entrée dans les théories poétiques et rhétoriques. / Between 1650 and 1715, turning the Book of Psalms into French, whether in prose or verse, was very common while Catholic Church was still reluctant to translating Holy Bible. Moreover, these publications prioritised clarity and aesthetic appeal, alike popular mode of fairly free translation, known as belles infidèles. Biblical style, however, had always been considered separately from classical rhetoric, and held to be free from its structures. What form of elocutio, then, can be ascribed to the French versions of the psalms ? The definition of this distinctive elocutio relies on three elements. The first one consists of the constraints imposed by the Council of Trent upon translators and readers of the Bible, and upon the choice of source-text, since these restrictions governed every biblical translation. Secondly, a reflexion above biblical translation mechanism reveals some peculiarities. On the one hand, translators often borrowed from pre-existing French translations, especially those of Port-Royal, instead of dealing purely with Latin or Hebrew of the Scriptures. On the other hand, the traditional procedure of word-by-word rendering was abandoned in favour of a grammatical translation and of a paraphrase. This development reflected a growing confidence in French. Finally, French psalms explored the boundary between translation and rewriting, and between sacred and secular language. These texts made use of secular styles familiar to the reader in order to attract him, leaving biblical inventio to convert him afterwards. That is what we called the insinuatio thought.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Pretendemos neste trabalho analisar a constituiÃÃo da identidade do jovem excluÃdo no discurso da inclusÃo social do Programa Nacional de InclusÃo de Jovens â ProJovem Urbano. Quanto aos pressupostos teÃricos e metodolÃgicos, apoiamo-nos na AnÃlise do Discurso, em especial, em Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007). No caso de Courtine (1981), apropriamo-nos, particularmente, das suas discussÃes acerca das sequÃncias discursivas de referÃncia (SDR), como forma de segmentar as passagens do corpus para a anÃlise, e de suas contribuiÃÃes para o entendimento do repetÃvel na linguagem, ou seja, da parÃfrase. No tocante a parÃfrase e a sua relaÃÃo com as teorias discursivas, as discussÃes de Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996; 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007) foram fundamentais. Devido à complexidade do objeto de pesquisa, ampliamos o horizonte teÃrico por meio de leituras interdisciplinares, em que nos voltamos para as diferentes Ãreas, a saber, as CiÃncias da EducaÃÃo, a Sociologia e a Economia. Os debates que envolvem polÃticas pÃblicas, educaÃÃo, modelos econÃmicos e identidades foram realizados nessa interrelaÃÃo de campos de estudos. No Ãmbito das identidades, destacamos as contribuiÃÃes de Bauman (2008) e Hall (2003). Quanto à anÃlise, selecionamos, do corpus, constituÃdo pela ResoluÃÃo n 22 de 26 de maio de 2008, do Conselho Deliberativo (2008) pelos Manuais do Educador (2008, 2009) e pelos Guias de Estudo (2008, 2009) do ProJovem Urbano, doze sequÃncias discursivas de referÃncia (SDR). A relaÃÃo parafrÃstica estabelecida entre essas sequÃncias nos possibilitou averiguar a antagonizaÃÃo entre as identidades do jovem incluÃdo e do jovem excluÃdo, os parÃmetros utilizados pelo enunciador para o estabelecimento da identidade do sujeito ideal e, por fim, as estratÃgias discursivas utilizadas para tornar eficiente a dispersÃo da identidade do jovem excluÃdo. / In this work we aim to analyze the identity constitution of young students who are excluded from society and who belong to a program of social inclusion called ProJovem Urbano - Inclusion National Program for Young Adults. The theory and methodology are based on Discourse Analysis, especially on Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007). Concerning Courtine (1981), we particularly rely on his discussions about discursive sequences of reference as a form to segment the passages of the corpus to be analyzed, as well as on his contributions to comprehend the paraphrase, that is what can be repeated in language. About the paraphrase and its relations with discursive theories, the discussions of Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007) were of a fundamental importance. Because of the complexity of our research object, it was necessary to enlarge our theoretical horizon through interdisciplinary readings, focusing on other different areas as Educational Sciences, Sociology and Economics, debating public politics, education, economic models and identities in the interrelation of these different areas. About the identities, we emphasize Baumanâs (2008) and Hallâs (2003) contributions. About the analysis, we selected twelve discursive sequences of reference from the corpus, which are constituted by the Resolution number 22 from the 26 of May, 2008, by the Educator Manuals and by ProJovem Urbano Study Guides. The paraphrasal relations established in these sequences led us to investigate the antagonization between the identities of the excluded and of the included young adults, as well as the patterns used by the enunciator to establish the identity of the ideal subject, and the discursive strategies used to make efficient the dispersion of the excluded young adult identity.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2005. / The author's revised version of his doctoral dissertation presented to University of Queensland in 2005. Includes bibliographical references (p. [316]-343). Abstract also available online.

Sentiment analysis is a field of computational linguistics involving identification, extraction, and classification of opinions, sentiments, and emotions expressed in natural language. Sentiment classification algorithms aim to identify whether the author of a text has a positive or a negative opinion about a topic. One of the main indicators which help to detect the opinion are the words used in the texts. Needless to say, the sentiments expressed in the texts also depend on the syntactic structure and the discourse context. Supervised machine learning approaches to sentiment classification were shown to achieve good results. Classifying texts by emotions requires finer-grained analysis than sentiment classification. In this thesis, we explore the task of emotion and mood classification for blog postings. We propose a novel approach that uses the hierarchy of possible moods to achieve better results than a standard flat classification approach. We also show that using sentiment orientation features improves the performance of classification. We used the LiveJournal blog corpus as a dataset to train and evaluate our method. Another contribution of this work is extracting paraphrases for emotion terms based on the six basics emotions proposed by Ekman (\textit{happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear}). Paraphrases are different ways to express the same information. Algorithms to extract and automatically identify paraphrases are of interest from both linguistic and practical points of view. Our paraphrase extraction method is based on a bootstrapping algorithms that starts with seed words. Unlike in previous work, our algorithm does not need a parallel corpus. In Natural Language Generation (NLG), paraphrasing is employed to create more varied and natural text. In our research, we extract paraphrases for emotions, with the goal of using them to automatically generate emotional texts (such as friendly or hostile texts) for conversations between intelligent agents and characters in educational games. Nowadays, online services are popular in many disciplines such as: e-learning, interactive games, educational games, stock market, chat rooms and so on. NLG methods can be used in order to generate more interesting and normal texts for such applications. Generating text with emotions is one of the contributions of our work. In the last part of this thesis, we give an overview of NLG from an applied system's points of view. We discuss when NLG techniques can be used; we explained the requirements analysis and specification of NLG systems. We also, describe the main NLG tasks of content determination, discourse planning, sentence aggregation, lexicalization, referring expression generation, and linguistic realisation. Moreover, we describe our Authoring Tool that we developed in order to allow writers without programming skills to automatically generate texts for educational games. We develop an NLG system that can generate text with different emotions. To do this, we introduce our pattern-based model for generation. We show our model starts with initial patterns, then constructs extended patterns from which we choose ``final'' patterns that are suitable for generating emotion sentences. A user can generate sentences to express the desired emotions by using our patterns. Alternatively, the user can use our Authoring Tool to generate sentences with emotions. Our acquired paraphrases will be employed by the tool in order to generate more varied outputs.

Sentiment analysis is a field of computational linguistics involving identification, extraction, and classification of opinions, sentiments, and emotions expressed in natural language. Sentiment classification algorithms aim to identify whether the author of a text has a positive or a negative opinion about a topic. One of the main indicators which help to detect the opinion are the words used in the texts. Needless to say, the sentiments expressed in the texts also depend on the syntactic structure and the discourse context. Supervised machine learning approaches to sentiment classification were shown to achieve good results. Classifying texts by emotions requires finer-grained analysis than sentiment classification. In this thesis, we explore the task of emotion and mood classification for blog postings. We propose a novel approach that uses the hierarchy of possible moods to achieve better results than a standard flat classification approach. We also show that using sentiment orientation features improves the performance of classification. We used the LiveJournal blog corpus as a dataset to train and evaluate our method. Another contribution of this work is extracting paraphrases for emotion terms based on the six basics emotions proposed by Ekman (\textit{happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear}). Paraphrases are different ways to express the same information. Algorithms to extract and automatically identify paraphrases are of interest from both linguistic and practical points of view. Our paraphrase extraction method is based on a bootstrapping algorithms that starts with seed words. Unlike in previous work, our algorithm does not need a parallel corpus. In Natural Language Generation (NLG), paraphrasing is employed to create more varied and natural text. In our research, we extract paraphrases for emotions, with the goal of using them to automatically generate emotional texts (such as friendly or hostile texts) for conversations between intelligent agents and characters in educational games. Nowadays, online services are popular in many disciplines such as: e-learning, interactive games, educational games, stock market, chat rooms and so on. NLG methods can be used in order to generate more interesting and normal texts for such applications. Generating text with emotions is one of the contributions of our work. In the last part of this thesis, we give an overview of NLG from an applied system's points of view. We discuss when NLG techniques can be used; we explained the requirements analysis and specification of NLG systems. We also, describe the main NLG tasks of content determination, discourse planning, sentence aggregation, lexicalization, referring expression generation, and linguistic realisation. Moreover, we describe our Authoring Tool that we developed in order to allow writers without programming skills to automatically generate texts for educational games. We develop an NLG system that can generate text with different emotions. To do this, we introduce our pattern-based model for generation. We show our model starts with initial patterns, then constructs extended patterns from which we choose ``final'' patterns that are suitable for generating emotion sentences. A user can generate sentences to express the desired emotions by using our patterns. Alternatively, the user can use our Authoring Tool to generate sentences with emotions. Our acquired paraphrases will be employed by the tool in order to generate more varied outputs.

Sentiment analysis is a field of computational linguistics involving identification, extraction, and classification of opinions, sentiments, and emotions expressed in natural language. Sentiment classification algorithms aim to identify whether the author of a text has a positive or a negative opinion about a topic. One of the main indicators which help to detect the opinion are the words used in the texts. Needless to say, the sentiments expressed in the texts also depend on the syntactic structure and the discourse context. Supervised machine learning approaches to sentiment classification were shown to achieve good results. Classifying texts by emotions requires finer-grained analysis than sentiment classification. In this thesis, we explore the task of emotion and mood classification for blog postings. We propose a novel approach that uses the hierarchy of possible moods to achieve better results than a standard flat classification approach. We also show that using sentiment orientation features improves the performance of classification. We used the LiveJournal blog corpus as a dataset to train and evaluate our method. Another contribution of this work is extracting paraphrases for emotion terms based on the six basics emotions proposed by Ekman (\textit{happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear}). Paraphrases are different ways to express the same information. Algorithms to extract and automatically identify paraphrases are of interest from both linguistic and practical points of view. Our paraphrase extraction method is based on a bootstrapping algorithms that starts with seed words. Unlike in previous work, our algorithm does not need a parallel corpus. In Natural Language Generation (NLG), paraphrasing is employed to create more varied and natural text. In our research, we extract paraphrases for emotions, with the goal of using them to automatically generate emotional texts (such as friendly or hostile texts) for conversations between intelligent agents and characters in educational games. Nowadays, online services are popular in many disciplines such as: e-learning, interactive games, educational games, stock market, chat rooms and so on. NLG methods can be used in order to generate more interesting and normal texts for such applications. Generating text with emotions is one of the contributions of our work. In the last part of this thesis, we give an overview of NLG from an applied system's points of view. We discuss when NLG techniques can be used; we explained the requirements analysis and specification of NLG systems. We also, describe the main NLG tasks of content determination, discourse planning, sentence aggregation, lexicalization, referring expression generation, and linguistic realisation. Moreover, we describe our Authoring Tool that we developed in order to allow writers without programming skills to automatically generate texts for educational games. We develop an NLG system that can generate text with different emotions. To do this, we introduce our pattern-based model for generation. We show our model starts with initial patterns, then constructs extended patterns from which we choose ``final'' patterns that are suitable for generating emotion sentences. A user can generate sentences to express the desired emotions by using our patterns. Alternatively, the user can use our Authoring Tool to generate sentences with emotions. Our acquired paraphrases will be employed by the tool in order to generate more varied outputs.

This diploma thesis is divided into two main parts - the teoretical and practical part. The teoretical part deals with the topic of paraphrase in the classical art, surveys the creation of paraphrases in the context of art evolution from the 16th century to the present time and tries to find the answers to the questions which relate to reasons of their creation. It tries to answer the questions what reason the artist of the paraphrases had and what made the artist create a paraphrase of a piece of art which was made a long time before. The teoretical part is a negligible glossary whose meaning is to show a range of different attitudes. The practical part is focused on authorial paraphrases which were made on the basis of the teoretical part and use different views and approaches to the process which the phenomenon of the paraphrase offers.

MORAIS, Argus Romero Abreu de. Língua, discurso e identidade(s): quem é o jovem excluído para o Projovem Urbano? 2010. 147f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2010. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-22T16:08:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-dis-aramorais.pdf: 1108082 bytes, checksum: f36585a453fb53c2ddaff01b92a612bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-22T17:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-dis-aramorais.pdf: 1108082 bytes, checksum: f36585a453fb53c2ddaff01b92a612bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-22T17:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-dis-aramorais.pdf: 1108082 bytes, checksum: f36585a453fb53c2ddaff01b92a612bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / In this work we aim to analyze the identity constitution of young students who are excluded from society and who belong to a program of social inclusion called ProJovem Urbano - Inclusion National Program for Young Adults. The theory and methodology are based on Discourse Analysis, especially on Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007). Concerning Courtine (1981), we particularly rely on his discussions about discursive sequences of reference as a form to segment the passages of the corpus to be analyzed, as well as on his contributions to comprehend the paraphrase, that is what can be repeated in language. About the paraphrase and its relations with discursive theories, the discussions of Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007) were of a fundamental importance. Because of the complexity of our research object, it was necessary to enlarge our theoretical horizon through interdisciplinary readings, focusing on other different areas as Educational Sciences, Sociology and Economics, debating public politics, education, economic models and identities in the interrelation of these different areas. About the identities, we emphasize Bauman’s (2008) and Hall’s (2003) contributions. About the analysis, we selected twelve discursive sequences of reference from the corpus, which are constituted by the Resolution number 22 from the 26 of May, 2008, by the Educator Manuals and by ProJovem Urbano Study Guides. The paraphrasal relations established in these sequences led us to investigate the antagonization between the identities of the excluded and of the included young adults, as well as the patterns used by the enunciator to establish the identity of the ideal subject, and the discursive strategies used to make efficient the dispersion of the excluded young adult identity. / Pretendemos neste trabalho analisar a constituição da identidade do jovem excluído no discurso da inclusão social do Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens – ProJovem Urbano. Quanto aos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos, apoiamo-nos na Análise do Discurso, em especial, em Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007). No caso de Courtine (1981), apropriamo-nos, particularmente, das suas discussões acerca das sequências discursivas de referência (SDR), como forma de segmentar as passagens do corpus para a análise, e de suas contribuições para o entendimento do repetível na linguagem, ou seja, da paráfrase. No tocante a paráfrase e a sua relação com as teorias discursivas, as discussões de Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996; 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007) foram fundamentais. Devido à complexidade do objeto de pesquisa, ampliamos o horizonte teórico por meio de leituras interdisciplinares, em que nos voltamos para as diferentes áreas, a saber, as Ciências da Educação, a Sociologia e a Economia. Os debates que envolvem políticas públicas, educação, modelos econômicos e identidades foram realizados nessa interrelação de campos de estudos. No âmbito das identidades, destacamos as contribuições de Bauman (2008) e Hall (2003). Quanto à análise, selecionamos, do corpus, constituído pela Resolução nº 22 de 26 de maio de 2008, do Conselho Deliberativo (2008) pelos Manuais do Educador (2008, 2009) e pelos Guias de Estudo (2008, 2009) do ProJovem Urbano, doze sequências discursivas de referência (SDR). A relação parafrástica estabelecida entre essas sequências nos possibilitou averiguar a antagonização entre as identidades do jovem incluído e do jovem excluído, os parâmetros utilizados pelo enunciador para o estabelecimento da identidade do sujeito ideal e, por fim, as estratégias discursivas utilizadas para tornar eficiente a dispersão da identidade do jovem excluído.

O propósito principal desta pesquisa é analisar, pelo viés da Análise de Discurso (AD), as condições de produção de um discurso sobre o sujeito aluno na Educação a Distância (EaD), a partir do modo como a legislação, o discurso acadêmico, via fórum de discussões, e a própria percepção do aluno o constituem como sujeito da EaD. Procuramos examinar as materialidades discursivas sobre a EaD: recortes de textos jurídicos, textos ministeriais e sequências discursivas dos sujeitos do campo da prática para entender as condições de produção dos discursos que institucionalizam e determinam um perfil para o aluno da EaD e, sobretudo, pelo questionamento sobre como os processos discursivos dessa institucionalização produzem mecanismos de identificação/apropriação ou tensionamento por parte dos sujeitos da prática em suas posições de sujeito. Voltamo-nos para o campo teórico da AD com a perspectiva de que conceitos como Condições de Produção (CP), Memória Discursiva, Interdiscurso, Intradiscurso, Posição de Sujeito (PS), Formação Discursiva (FD) e Formação Ideológica (FI) paramentem nosso gesto analítico para responder aos objetivos específicos desta pesquisa: (a) identificar as pistas da constituição do sujeito no discurso legal; (b) compreender qual é o lugar do aluno no discurso acadêmico e, em que medida este discurso reproduz os saberes que determinam o modos jurídicos de constituição do aluno da EaD; (c) analisar a própria percepção do sujeito aluno que busca formação na modalidade educacional a distância. Nossa proposição de análise parte da hipótese de que a Formação Ideológica Tecnicista (FIT) permeia a constituição dos saberes jurídicos da Formação Discursiva Jurídica da EaD (FDJEaD) e da Formação Discursiva Ministerial da EaD (FDMEaD) e de que esses saberes determinantes da forma-sujeito dessas FD’s são apropriados/reproduzidos ou tensionados pelos sujeitos do campo da prática, ao ocuparem posições de sujeito na Formação Discursiva Institucional da EaD (FDIEaD). A noção de reprodução é definida pelo conceito de paráfrase discursiva compreendida nos termos do que Pêcheux (1997b) elencou como a determinação do interdiscurso no intradiscurso. Procuramos mostrar, por conseguinte, que as sequências discursivas (Sd) produzidas por alunos, acadêmicos e tutores que ocupam posições-sujeito na FDIEaD podem evidenciar processos de identificação, ou contra-identificação em relação aos saberes institucionalizados nos discursos oficiais. Motivamos, com essa análise, um olhar mais atento para o atravessamento do interdiscurso (memória discursiva) no processo de apropriação de saberes ideológicos que ressaltam na materialidade da língua – intradiscurso. Em todos os recortes (rec.) e sequências discursivas (sdr) analisados percebemos claramente o processo de intervenção da ideologia tecnicista na constituição de saberes das três FD’s analisadas (FDJEaD, FDMEaD, FDIEaD) e, sobremaneira, detectamos mecanismos linguísticos de identificação e contra-identificação das posições-sujeito das práticas de ensino-aprendizagem (acadêmicos, alunos, tutores) em relação ao discurso superestrutural (jurídico e ministerial). / The main purpose of this research is to analyse, from the perspective of Discourse Analysis (DA), the condition of the production of a discourse about the student talking into Distance Learning, account how the legislation, the academic discourse (through forum) and the studenr self-perception turn him into the subject of the Distance Learning (DL). We seek to examine the discursive materialities about the DL (excerpts of legal texts, ministerial texts and discursive sequences of subjects from the field of practice) to understand the conditions of production of the discourses that institutionalize and determine a profile to the DL’s student and above all by the questioning of how the discursive processes of this institutionalization produce mechanisms of identification/appropriation or tensioning from the subjects of the practice in their positions as subjects.We turn to the theoretical field of the DA with the perspective that concepts such as Production Conditions (PC), Discursive Memory, Interdiscourse, Intradiscourse, Subject Position (SP), Discursive Training (DT) and Ideological Training (IT) will embody our analytical gesture to answer the specific goals of this research: (a) to identify the clues of the constitution of the subject in the legal discourse; (b) to understand the place of the student in the academic discourse and in which way this discourse reproduces the knowledge that defines the legal ways of constitution of the DLstudent; (c) to analyse the self-perception of the student that searches education in the distance learning modality. Our analysis proposition starts with the hypothesis that the Technicist Ideological Training (TIT) permeates the constitution of the legal knowledge of the DL’s Legal Discursive Training (LDTDL) and the DL’s Ministerial Discursive Training (MDTDL) and that these determining knowledge of the form-subject of these Discursive Training is appropriated/reproduced or tensioned by the subjects of the field of practice once they occupy the subject position in the Institutional Discursive Training of the DL (IDTDL). The notion of the reproduction is defined by the concept of discursive paraphrase understood in the terms that Pêcheux (1997b) listed out as a determination of the interdiscourse in the intradiscourse. Thus, we seek to show that the discursive sequences (DS) produced by the students, scholars and tutors that occupy subject-positions in the IDTDL can suggest the identification processes or counter-identification processes in relation to the institutionalized knowledges in the official discourses. The analysis points to a closer look to the crossing speech (discursive memory) in the process of the appropriation of ideological knowledge that highlights the language materiality – intradiscourse. In every excerpt and discursive sequences (SD) analysed we clearly perceived the process of the intervention of the technicist ideology in the constitution of the knowledgeof the three DTs that were analysed (LDTDL, MDTDL, IDTDL) and we detected linguistic mechanisms of identification and counteridentification from the subject-positions of the teaching and learning practices (scholars, students, tutors) relative to the super structural discourse (legal and ministerial).

Este trabalho tem como foco a análise do discurso de charges com circulação nos jornais Diário de Pernambuco, O Globo e Folha de São Paulo, no período do segundo turno das eleições para Presidente da República do Brasil no ano de 2010, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise de Discurso. O seu objetivo é mostrar como os efeitos de sentido das charges se dão a partir da relação entre suas condições de produção (historicidade) e a memória discursiva que, enquanto elementos constitutivos, atravessam o objeto discursivo em seu nível de formulação de natureza verbal/nãoverbal e de constituição, compreendendo, assim, como a memória discursiva é importante para se entender o processo de produção de sentidos nesses discursos. Como ponto de partida para a composição do corpus discursivo, consideramos os principais acontecimentos jornalísticos desse período, que nos levaram a recortar para análise somente charges que circularam durante a campanha eleitoral do 2 turno das eleições. As análises centram-se na verificação de que memórias são mobilizadas no discurso chargístico e como elas intervêm na mobilização de sentidos e são essenciais para entender os movimentos parafrásticos e polissêmicos, produzindo sentidos outros nessas práticas discursivas. Para constituição do corpus, foram escolhidas 12 charges dos três jornais subdivididas em trajetos temáticos que mais foram evidenciados na mídia, no período de 01 a 31 de outubro de 2010. Vimos ao longo das análises, que as charges, embora ocupem lugares diferenciados de dizer, produzem sentidos parafrásticos que garantem a constituição de uma memória que sustenta os dizeres, pois só há sentido porque antes já havia sentido, possibilitando que o mesmo vá se deslizando e se transformando quando se encontra em circulação na exterioridade produzindo o diferente, que se faz presente no discurso, derivando outros sentidos. Assim, observamos que o trabalho pressupõe a perene incompletude da linguagem, compreendendo que o dizer sempre será ponto de deriva para outros sentidos. Então através da rememoração dos fatos e dos discursos, materializados em palavras-imagens, a pesquisa pode contribuir para pensarmos na importância da circulação de memórias: discursiva e social, que interferem na produção de sentidos nas charges. / This work focuses on discourse analysis of cartoons in the newspapers with a circulation of Pernambuco, O Globo and Folha de São Paulo, during the second round of the elections for President of the Republic of Brazil in 2010, from the theoretical methodological and Discourse Analysis. Its aim is to show how the effects of meaning of the charges are given from the relationship between the conditions of production (historicity) and discursive memory that, as an element, traverse the discursive object in their level of development of verbal/não- verbal nature and constitution, comprising well as discursive memory is important to understand the process of production of meaning in these discourses. As a starting point for creating the discursive corpus, we consider the major journalistic events of this period, which led us to cut for analysis only cartoons that circulated during the election campaign in the 2nd round of elections. The analysis focuses on the discovery that memories are mobilized in discourse chargístico and how they are involved in the mobilization of the senses and are essential to understanding Paraphrase and polysemic movements, producing other senses in these discursive practices. For recognition of the corpus, 12 were selected charges from three newspapers subdivided into thematic paths that were more evident in the media, in the period from 01 to 31 October 2010. We have seen throughout the analysis that the charges, although they occupy different places to say, parafrásticos produce meanings that guarantee the formation of a memory that holds the words, because there is only sense because had ever felt before, allowing it go up and sliding turning when in circulation in different producing the externality, which is present in the discourse, deriving other senses. Thus, we observe that the work assumes the perennial incompleteness of language, including the mean will always point drift to other senses. Then through the recollection of facts and speeches, materialized in words pictures, research can help to think of the importance of movement memories: discursive and social, that interferes with the production of meaning in charges.