Orientador: Alberto Cliquet Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:00:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tancredo_JanainaRoland_M.pdf: 2653289 bytes, checksum: 0b7d643e5438e5de2faf4c696947403b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A lesão medular tem como uma de suas conseqüências a espasticidade, que está geralmente presente em lesões acima do último nível torácico (T12) e pode ser avaliada através de indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos. Na pesquisa, foram avaliados dois grupos, o da Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM), com dezesseis pacientes e o grupo da Marcha em Esteira com EENM com oito pacientes; todos com diagnóstico de paraplegia e tetraplegia com algum grau de espasticidade. Foram utilizadas para esta avaliação as escalas: modificada de Ashworth, a de espasmos musculares, a subjetiva da espasticidade e o teste pendular. Para aplicação do teste pendular foi utilizado o Dispositivo de Teste Pendular (DTP) - (equipamento que foi elaborado e construído especificamente para avaliar a espasticidade, que possui um acelerômetro de transdutores de cristais de quartzo e um eletrogoniômetro de fibra óptica flexível que medem as tensões e os deslocamentos angulares, respectivamente) do Laboratório de Biomecânica e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor. Os pacientes do grupo da EENM realizaram EENM nos músculos quadríceps e nervo fibular, sendo que os testes foram aplicados antes e logo após o procedimento. O mesmo foi realizado para o grupo da Marcha em Esteira com EENM. Os dados mostraram uma diminuição da espasticidade nos dois grupos, representado no grupo da EENM por variações nos parâmetros F1Ang, F1 Amp, E1 Amp, Plat Amp e ERI e no parâmetro E1 Ang no grupo da marcha. O grupo da EENM onde foi subdividido (pacientes com e sem medicação) notamos uma diferença significativa no subgrupo sem medicação na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. Já o subgrupo com medicação apenas os parâmetros On Ang e RI foram significativos. Além disso, os dados da escala subjetiva e da escala modificada de Ashworth, após a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular também apresentaram uma redução nos valores da espasticidade, sendo que no grupo da marcha em esteira apenas a escala subjetiva foi significativa / Abstract: Spinal cord injury has as one of its consequences the spasticity, which is usually present in lesions above the last thoracic level (T12) and it can be assessed through quantitative and qualitative indicators. In the study it was evaluated two groups: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) group with sixteen patients and the group of eight patients that performed treadmill gait with partial body weigth support and NMES, all of them were diagnosed with paraplegia or tetraplegia with some degree of spasticity. The following scales were used for assessment: Modified Ashworth Scale, Muscle Spasms Scale, Subjective Scale of Spasticity and the pendulum test. For application of the pendulum test it was used Pendular Test Device (PTD) was used, this equipment was designed and built specifically to evaluate spasticity, which has an accelerometer of quartz crystals transducer and a flexible fiber optic electrogoniometer to measure the acceleration and angular displacement, respectively. The patients in the NMES group performed NMES in the quadriceps muscle and fibular nerve, and the tests were applied before and after the procedure. The same was done for the treadmill gait with NMES group. The data showed a decrease in spasticity in both groups, represented in the NMES group by changes in the F1Ang, F1Amp, E1Amp, Plat Amp and ERI parameters of the PTD and the gait group also presented a change in the E1Ang. In the group NMES, which was divided (patients with and without drugs), it was noticed a significant difference in the subgroup without medication in most parameters. However, in the subgroup with medication only the OnAng and RI parameters were significant. In addition, data from the Subjective Scale of Spasticity and the Modified Ashworth Scale also showed a reduction in the values in the spasticity, and in the group of treadmill gait just a Subjective Scale of Spasticity was significant / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestre em Ciências

A spinal cord injury is a serious medical condition, often caused by a physical trauma. An injury to the spinal cord affects the neurotransmission between the brain and spinal cord segments below the level of injury. The SCI causes a loss of motor function, sensory function and autonomic regulation of the body, temporary or permanent. Significantly improved acute care, primary comprehensive rehabilitation and life-long structured follow-up has led to persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) living longer than ever before. However, increased long-time survival has allowed secondary conditions to emerge, like diabetes mellitus and where cardiovascular disease (CVD) now is the most common cause of death among SCI patients. Other possible CVD-related comorbidities in this patient group have been reported to be pain and mood disturbances. There is still lack of, and need for more knowledge in the field of CVD-related screening and prevention after SCI. The overall aim of this thesis was to contribute to a scientific ground regarding the need for CVD-related screening and prevention after SCI. In Paper I and Paper II, patients with wheelchair-dependent post-traumatic SCI (paraplegia) were assessed. The results in paper I showed that 80% of the examined patients had at least one cardiovascular disease risk marker irrespective of body mass index (BMI). Dyslipidemia was common for both men and women at all BMI categories. The study also showed a high prevalence of hypertension, especially in men. Paper II showed a low frequency of self-reported physical activity, where only one out of 5 persons reported undertaking physical activity >30 min/day. The physically active had lower diastolic blood pressure but no significant difference in blood lipids. In paper III and IV, patients with SCI (tetraplegia and paraplegia) participated in the studies. Eighty-one percent of the patients had dyslipidemia, where also a majority of the patients with normal abdominal clinical measures had dyslipidemia. Self-reported physical activity >30min/day was reported by one third of the patients. No differences were found between physically active and not physically active patients when it came to blood glucose, serum lipid values and clinical measures (paper III). Pain was common in the patient group, however, most often on a mild to moderate level. Anxiety and depression was less common than reported in other studies (paper IV).

Este trabalho apresentará um projeto cujo propósito foi definir um protocolo de avaliação para pacientes paraplégicos sob terapia, através do uso de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, no ambulatório de ortopedia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de Campinas. A análise proposta servirá tanto para o acompanhamento da evolução dos pacientes, quanto, principalmente, para avaliação dos sistemas de reabilitação desenvolvidos pelo laboratório de biocibernética e engenharia de reabilitação na Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Neste trabalho o protocolo foi aplicado especificamente para descrever a locomoção do paraplégico usando a estimulação padrão de 4 canais, que realiza a ativação dos quadríceps para extensão das pernas, necessária para o suporte do corpo, e a ativação do reflexo de retirada através da estimulação do nervo fibular para a flexão necessária para a fase de balanço. A análise usou como referência o conhecimento relacionado à descrição das fases e estratégias usadas pela locomoção do ser humano intacto. O protocolo de avaliação usou recursos do laboratório de biomecânica e reabilitação do aparelho locomotor, situado no hospital citado acima, que permitiram a descrição da cinemática dos membros superiores e inferiores, da atividade muscular realizada pelos membros superiores, e das forças de reação do solo. / This work present a case study on the use of the motion analysis laboratory resources (three-dimensional motion capture system, EMG, and force plate) with the purpose of improve the use of surface electrical stimulation to enable the locomotion in paraplegic subjects. Five trials for each of the five patients (thoracic complete spinal cord lesion) using a four channel electrical stimulator was done for synchronously acquisition of: 3D coordinates of 30 markers distributed on the whole body (to evaluate the stride\'s characteristics and three-dimensional measurements of angles of whole-body); EMG signal, on both sides, of triceps brachii long head, pectoralis major, middle deltoideus, extensor carpi radialis; and the vertical component of the ground reaction force. All data were normalized on the right gait cycle. The analysis was done braking the cycle in 11 events related with the swing phase in both sides, because it was focused firstly in the actions related with the swing limb and upper body advance, that represents a critical factor in locomotion aided by electrical stimulation. These events divided the gait cycle in 10 phases, which was used for associate the data evaluated with specifics tasks. The results showed temporal parameters similar to that reported by other authors, specific characteristics of the patient, the mechanism used by the patient for advance the body, and the periods of high activity of the muscles on the cycle.

The Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity. This disease, with a prevalence ranging from 1 to 20 in 100,000 individuals, is currently untreatable. The neuropathological hallmark is axonal degeneration of motor neurons in the corticospinal tract. However, the mechanisms of pathogenesis underlying this neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Over the last decade, genetic studies of HSP have identified 33 loci including 14 genes. The main objective of this dissertation was to identify and characterize genes in a large North American HSP cohort. Mutation analysis of the two most common genes implicated in HSP, SPG3 and SPG4, led to the detection of nine novel mutations, including an ancestral SPG4 mutation in five French Canadian families. This screen also allowed for the molecular characterization of the p.del436N mutation in SPG3, which suggests a previously unidentified dominant-negative mechanism. Furthermore, a novel deletion in the VPS9 domain of the ALS2 gene was identified in a family with severe infantile onset HSP. In addition, linkage analysis and whole genome scan efforts resulted in the successful mapping of two novel HSP loci, SPG27 and SAX1. SAX1 represents the first locus for autosomal dominant spastic ataxia, a complicated form of HSP, with a common ancestor in Newfoundland. Finally, a positional candidate gene strategy at the SPG8 locus identified three missense mutations in a novel gene encoding strumpellin. Two mutations failed to rescue an axonal phenotype induced by morpholino knock-down of the SPG8 gene in zebrafish. Our efforts to identify and characterize HSP genes determined the underlying genetic cause in 36% of our cohort. These genetic causes include two novel loci and a novel gene. The findings are a major contribution to the characterization of the pathophysiology of HSP and significantly broaden the knowledge in the field of motor neuron disease. Analysis of the 15 known HSP genes suggests a common disease mechanism involving disrupted axonal membrane protein trafficking. Unraveling this mechanism will elucidate the functional maintenance of neurons in the corticospinal tract and will facilitate the development of therapies for HSP and related diseases.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of BWSTT on paretic limb function using the outcome measures of overground walking velocity, paretic leg propulsion, and the mechanical work produced by the hip, knee, and ankle of the paretic limb. Thirteen participants with chronic stroke, ranging in age from 40 to 80 years, completed 24 sessions of BWSTT over eight weeks. Overground walking velocity and bilateral kinematics and kinetics were collected prior to and following completion of the BWSTT intervention. All participants exhibited statistically significant increases in overground walking velocity post BWSTT. Neither the propulsive impulse of the paretic limb, relative to total propulsive impulse, nor the relative contribution of the paretic hip, knee, and ankle to total positive work significantly changed post BWSTT. The results suggest that paretic limb function remains unchanged following BWSTT, despite improvements in overground walking velocity. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2006 / Bibliografia: p. 81-89 / Uma das grandes dificuldades encontradas no estudo da lesão medular traumática consiste no método científico para se obter em laboratório a lesão medular traumática padronizada. Apesar de diversos laboratórios buscarem uma solução, há carência por uma sol / One of the great difficulties found in the study of spinal cord injury consists of the scientific method to get in laboratory standardized traumatic medular contusion. Although diverse laboratories are searching a solution, has lack for a solution that is

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-28 / Introdução: A Lesão Medular Traumática está ent re as condições crônicas que causa incapacidades e consomem recursos na área de saúde. O indivíduo ao longo da vida produz signi ficantes perdas físicas, psicológicas e sócio-econômicas. A presença de úlcera por pressão (UP) é importante causa de alteração de qual idade de vida do paciente, agravando seu estado de saúde, aumentando o sofrimento e morbidade. Objetivo: Aval iar a qual idade de vida e a auto-est ima em paraplégicos com úlcera por pressão. Métodos: Estudo t ransversal , Cont rolado. A coleta de dados foi real izada por meio de inst rumento contendo dados demográficos e cl ínicos. A aval iação da qualidade de vida foi real izada pelo autor da pesquisa por meio do quest ionário genérico SF-36 e Escala de Auto-est ima Rosenberg – EPM/ UNIFESP. Part iciparam 120 paraplégicos por causas t raumát icas , 60 com úlcera por pressão no Grupo Estudo e 60 sem úlcera no Grupo Cont role. Para a anál ise foram ut il izados os Testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher e t de Student . Resultados: No Grupo Estudo, 93,3% eram do gênero mascul ino, média de 30,23 anos (DP=9,52) . Houve di ferença estat ística ent re os Grupos nos domínios do SF-36 Capacidade Funcional , Aspectos Fí sicos , Vi tal idade, Aspecto Emocionais com (p<0,0001), Aspectos Sociais (p<0,0013), Saúde Mental (p=0,0002), Dor (p=0,0002). Houve di ferença estat ística pelos resul tados obtidos na Escala de auto-est ima (p<0,001) ent re os grupos. Os valores de Al fa Cronbach do quest ionário SF-36 e da Escala de auto-est ima de Rosenberg EPM/UNIFESP foram a 0,79 e 0,74, respect ivamente. Conclusão: A presença de úlcera por pressão apresentaram impacto negat ivo na qual idade de vida e na auto-est ima de pacientes com LMT. / Background: Traumatic spinal cord injury is a chronic condition that cause disability and drain resources from the health sector. This condition will last for the patient’s lifetime, resulting in significant physical, psychological, social and economic consequences. Pressure ulcers are a major cause of reduction in quality of life, aggravating health conditions, and increasing suffering and morbidity. Objective: To evaluate health-related quality of life and self-esteem in paraplegic patients with pressure ulcers. Methods: This was a controlled crosssectional study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through a questionnaire. The evaluation of quality of life was performed by the first author of this paper using the generic Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the Rosenberg selfesteem/UNIFESP-EPM scale. A total of 120 patients with traumatic paraplegia were included in the sample, of which 60 had pressure ulcers and were assigned to the study group, and 60 had no pressure ulcers and were assigned to the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test. Results: Of the 60 patients in the study group, 93.3% were men with a mean age of 30.23 years (standard deviation, 9.52 years). There were significant differences between groups in SF-36 scores on the physical functioning (p<0.0001), role physical (p<0.0001), vitality (p<0.0001), social functioning (p=0.0013), mental health (p=0.0002), bodily pain (p=0.0002), and role emotional (p<0.0001) subscales. There were also significant differences in self-esteem between groups (p<0.001). The Cronbach's alpha for the SF-36 questionnaire and Rosenberg selfesteem/UNIFESP-EPM scale was 0.79 and 0.74, respectively. Conclusion: Pressure ulcers had an adverse impact on the health-related quality of life and self-esteem of paraplegic patients / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2018-03-27T21:57:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_JulianaAraújoGuimarães.pdf: 4713798 bytes, checksum: 735fa8d79073975408c71b3cad609347 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-04-03T14:46:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_JulianaAraújoGuimarães.pdf: 4713798 bytes, checksum: 735fa8d79073975408c71b3cad609347 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T14:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_JulianaAraújoGuimarães.pdf: 4713798 bytes, checksum: 735fa8d79073975408c71b3cad609347 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-03 / Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Associação de Centro de Treinamento de Educação Física Especial (CETEFE). / Introdução: É imperativo o desenvolvimento de tecnologias assistivas que possibilitem a pessoas com lesão medular a realização de exercícios físicos em intensidade suficiente para prevenir complicações relacionadas a inatividade física e proporcionar modificações positivas no estado de saúde. Objetivos: Nesse sentido, este estudo observacional investigou a responsividade e características dessa responsividade à eletroestimulação por parâmetros pré-estabelecidos (comumente aplicados na prática da FES), reconhecendo assim alguns requisitos para a prática de ciclismo assistido por eletroestimulação. Métodos: Quatorze pessoas com lesão medular foram avaliadas quanto as possíveis variáveis preditoras de responsividade a eletroestimulação: fatores pessoais, aspectos relacionados à condição de saúde, características estruturais e funcionais, variáveis de estabilidade hemodinâmica, assim como atividade e participação. Resultados e Discussão: Observamos uma variedade de respostas (entre contração equivalente a grau 1/5 e grau 4/5 na escala MRC) relacionada aos diferentes níveis e completudes da lesão medular encontradas nessa amostra. O nível de lesão acima de T12 e a etiologia traumática seriam fatores preditores do sucesso da responsividade por parâmetros pré-definidos para a estimulação elétrica funcional. Ao acompanhar a responsividade à eletroestimulação em sessões repetidas para os participantes que não foram responsivos na sessão inicial, levantamos como características que poderiam favorecer tal responsividade: a preservação parcial das raízes periféricas abaixo do nível de lesão e a preservação de um nível de trofismo muscular que possibilite ainda a reorganização do aparato de excitação-contração. Conclusão: é possível que os pacientes classificados como não responsivos sejam falsos negativos em função do emprego de parâmetros inadequados. Recomendamos que estudos eletrodiagnósticos sejam utilizados para a eleição individual dos melhores parâmetros de eletroestimulação. / Muscular paralysis, autonomic alterations, and secondary complications from immobility make physical activity and sport a challenge for people with spinal cord injury. The few existing options are activities that require the upper limbs, often overwhelmed in everyday activities such as locomotion and transfers. Often the practice of the activity requires the use of equipment and specialized professional that, when available, usually have a high financial cost. In this context, people with spinal cord injury continues to be the most inactive part of society and, as a consequence, it presents lower life expectancy and high rates of early mortality due to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, as well as high rates of hospitalization. For these reasons, it is imperative to develop assistive technologies that enable people with spinal cord injury to perform physical exercises at sufficient intensity to prevent complications related to physical inactivity. And, in addition, provide positive changes in health status, based on the reflections on fundamental concepts to identify the well-being of a human being, based on the most current models of health care and classification of health-related information. This study has an observational methodological basis designed to meet each of the specific objectives set to achieve the general objective of this proposal, which was to investigate the responsiveness and characteristics of this responsiveness to the electrical stimulation by pre-established parameters (commonly applied in FES practice), recognizing thus some requirements for the practice of cycling assisted by electrostimulation. Fourteen people participated in the protocol in a sample predominantly formed by young adult women with spinal cord injury, living for more than two years with the condition of paraplegia. The patients were evaluated as the variables selected by us as possible predictors of electrostimulation responsiveness that were organized by: personal factors (age and gender); by aspects related to the health condition (chronicity, cause of injury, level and completeness of the injury); by structural and functional characteristics identified by the American Spinal Injury Association, known as ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS), as well as Body Mass Index (BMI), lower limb perimeters, thoracic cirtometry, of hemodynamic stability (blood pressure and XV heart rate), as well as the activity and participation quantified by the amount of sports practiced and Functional Independence Measure. During the application of the protocol, we observed a variety of responses (between contractions sketches equivalents to grade 1/5 to stronger contractions, equivalent to grade 4/5 on the MRC scale) related to the different levels and complements of the spinal cord injury found in this sample. We found suggestive results that the level of injury above T12 and the traumatic etiology of the lesion would be factors that could predict the success of electrostimulation responsiveness by predefined parameters for functional electrical stimulation. When monitoring the responsiveness to electrostimulation in repeated sessions for participants who were not responsive to electrostimulation in the initial session, we pointed as characteristics that could favor such responsiveness: partial preservation of the peripheral roots below the level of injury and the preservation of a level of trophism muscle that allows the reorganization of the excitation-contraction apparatus.