The present work deals with the institutes of a pardon and amnesty and their utilization in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the current domestic legislation and its application by the particular decisions of the presidents of the republic. The author points out the advantages and disadvantages of the current legal regulation. The aim of the work is to provide a summary of the issues and to suggest eventual alterations of the current legislation. The work is, apart from the introduction and the conclusion, composed of five chapters. The first one introduces into the subject of the work and characterises the institute of a pardon and amnesty and their three forms, i.e. a pardon and a mitigation of penalties imposed by the court, a suspension of criminal proceedings and a deletion of a sentence. The second chapter deals with the regulation of the institutes. First, it presents history of this regulation and afterwards it analyses current legal regulations contained in the Constitution of the Czech Republic and others laws. The third chapter concerns just the institutes of a pardon. It focuses primarily on the presidential orders delegating a part of his power to Minister of Justice and also on the proceeding of a grand pardon. At the end of the chapter, there is the utilization rate of the pardon institute...

The Constitutional Institute of Pardon and Amnesty The diploma thesis called The Constitutional Institute of Pardon and Amnesty is dealing with highly relevant issues often discussed at the political scene of the Czech Republic. It reflects the current debate on whether the institutes should remain in the legal system of the Czech Republic. The main thesis was chosen accordingly - on the contrary to arguments pleading for removing the institutes. The diploma thesis explains the main terms and theoretical divisions, as well as various forms of the institutes of pardon and amnesty. One of the chapters is devoted to the meaning of the institutes which may play a significant role when considering legitimacy of pardons and amnesties. Current domestic legislation regarding the institutes is described with regard to consequences of international law. The process of presidential pardon granting is elaborated in detail. Critical moments of the process are emphasised and different approaches of the three presidents of the Czech Republic are compared. The chapter concerning amnesty is constructed similarly. Critical moments of the institutes of pardon and amnesty are discussed thoroughly. The focus is aimed to problems such as responsibility, overusing or misusing of the institutes or clash with the...

1 Abstract CONSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTES OF PARDON AND AMNESTY This thesis deals with constitutional institutes of pardon and amnesty. The thesis aims to provide information on existing legal regulation of this area, closer explanation of the particular legal institutes, describe their historical development and show the way of their application during tenures of Czech presidents. The Introduction contains brief summary of the goals of the thesis, its structure and reasons for choice of the respective topic. The First Chapter is devoted to definition of elementary terms of pardon and amnesty and explanation of basic differences of their forms, i.e. abolition, agraciation and rehabilitation since correct understanding of these terms is crucial for understanding of the whole following text, The Second Chapter deals with historical development of the constitutional institutes in question before emergence of the independent Czech Republic. The Third Chapter contains analysis of current legal regulation in constitutional and general law. The Fourth Chapter is devoted to pardon, particularly more thorough analysis of transfer of capacity to grant pardons and procedural affairs related to granting of pardons in practice. Final part of this Chapter contains description of specific pardons granted during tenures of...

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Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2007. / Bibliogr.: f. [118]-125. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

En se démarquant de la signification traditionnelle du concept de pardon – i.e. « actionmorale » – cette thèse appréhende le pardon en tant que source du temps éthique.Comme renonciation à l'effacement (Tilgung) de la culpabilité, la notion du pardondépasse les schémas conceptuels du discours phénoménologique sur le don. Signifiantune abstention du jugement moral, son sens est davantage celui de l'étymologie destermes allemands Verzeihen (pardon) et Verzicht (renonciation), et se distinguenotamment de la réconciliation synthétique. La difficulté d'une telle approche tient à lanécessité d'une reformulation du concept de temps : alors que le temps de la culpabilitérelève de la structure économique et chronologique de la succession continue des unitésde temps, le pardon temporalise l'intervention éthique en interrompant cet enchaînementcausal. Ainsi, il rend possible des actions éthiques originales et indépendantes d'uneculpabilité précédente.Il s'agit alors de repenser la temporalité du pardon à travers trois figures temporellesreconstruites à partir des auteurs suivants: 1. la critique du concept d’anticipation (F. Nietzsche) et le mouvement conceptuelde l’anticipation au sursis (H. Cohen, W. Benjamin)2. l’instant de l'indécision (M. Heidegger) et l’événement (V. Jankélévitch, J.Derrida)3. la simultanéité de la répétition et de l’altérité comme recommencement (E.Levinas)Enfin, cette recherche sur la temporalité du pardon révélera la difficulté d'unerenonciation au pardon en tant qu’action morale. Elle exigera une redéfinition du vivreensemble au-delà de l'exigence des jugements moraux et de la réconciliationsynthétique. / Departing from the traditional conception of forgiveness as moral action, this thesisconceives of forgiveness as a renunciation of the effacement of guilt and thus as thesource of ethical time.The idea of forgiveness as renunciation exceeds the conceptual schemes of thephenomenological discourse concerning the gift. Based on the etymology of theGerman words Verzeihen (“forgiveness”) and Verzicht (“renunciation”), forgiveness isdistinguished from synthetic reconciliation; it involves an abstention from moraljudgements. The challenge posed by this approach is the need to formulate a newconcept of time. The time of guilt and punishment is economic and chronological,structured as a linear succession of quantifiable units. Forgiveness, in contrast, can beseen as an ethical intervention within the structural unfolding of this causal chain,making it the prerequisite for original ethical acts that are independent from previousguilt.Therefore, this study examines the temporality of forgiveness, identifying three differenttemporal models based on works by the following authors: 1. the criticism of the concept of anticipation (F. Nietzsche) and the shift fromanticipation to postponement (H. Cohen, W. Benjamin);2. the instant of indecision (M. Heidegger) and the event (V. Jankélévitch, J.Derrida);3. the simultaneity of repetition and alterity, i.e. recommencement (E. Levinas).Finally, this study of the temporality of forgiveness leads to the challenge of renouncingforgiveness as a moral act. It necessitates a redefinition of living together asindependent of moral judgments and synthetic reconciliation.

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"Offert à l'Université de Sherbrooke en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université Laval." / À la suite de tous les gens de bonne volonté qui essaient de grandir à même l'existence, la présente thèse a cherché à approfondir la cinquième demande du Notre Père. Aussi, à l'intérieur du langage scientifique, a-t-elle réuni, dans une même perspective, l'actualisation de soi et le processus d'une démarche de pardon. Le traitement des données a permis de valider, de façon non-équivoque, la question de départ. En effet, il a été possible d'identifier des caractéristiques d'actualisation de soi (Shostrom, 1976, 1977) dans le vécu d'une démarche de pardon (Boisvert, 1994). Cette perspective ouvre un volet nouveau sur le dynamisme humain d'une démarche de pardon et sur la co-responsabilité de l'offensé et de son pasteur, en situation dyadique ou communautaire, dans leur rencontre au cœur de l'événement du pardon.

Ce travail doctoral a pour objectif d’analyser la signification du terme pardon dans tous ses emplois en langue française contemporaine. Le cadre théorique de la sémantique argumentative et de la TBS nous a permis de schématiser et de comprendre non seulement les différences de signification dans les emplois du nom commun mais également de discerner le mode d’action de la locution dans toutes ses fonctions argumentatives.Après avoir mis de côté ce qui appartient à la construction encyclopédique de la notion du pardon, à savoir le caractère d’un acte souverain, l’analyse argumentative a permis de décrire toute la richesse de la signification du terme en tant qu’état, processus et achèvement, ainsi que son caractère fondamental de promesse. Elle nous a également amené à dissocier d’un côté l’acte d’excuse performatif dans les échanges réparateurs et, de l’autre, des fonctions argumentatives variées dans les emplois conversationnels et de politesse.Notre démarche a permis d’enrichir les apports du dictionnaire et de l’approche lexicologique. A l’issue de l’analyse d’une centaine d’exemples, nous avons pu rapprocher le terme pardon de celui de paix. / This doctoral work aims to analyze the meaning of the term forgiveness in all its uses in contemporary French.The theoretical framework of the argumentative semantics and the TBS allowed us to schematize and understand not only the differences of meaning in the uses of the common noun but also to discern the mode of action of the phrase in all its argumentative functions.After setting aside what belongs to the encyclopedic construction of the notion of forgiveness, namely the character of a sovereign act, the argumentative analysis has allowed to describe all the richness of the meaning of the term as a state, a process and a completion, as well as its fundamental promise. It has also led us to dissociate on the one hand the performative excuse act in repairs and, on the other hand, various argumentative functions in conversational and politeness jobs.Our approach has enriched the contributions of the dictionary and the lexicological approach. At the end of the analysis of a hundred examples, we were able to bring the term forgiveness closer to that of peace.